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Sinha S, Tarini S, Panchal B, Mishra DK. Subconjunctival Dirofilaria masquerading as nodular scleritis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e259519. [PMID: 38782433 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his late 50s presented with a gradually enlarging, painless, reddish mass on the white portion of his left eye for 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination showed a congested, nodular, elevated lesion on the temporal bulbar conjunctiva with two pustule-like elevations. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography showed a subconjunctival solid mass rather than an abscess or a cyst. Scleral deroofing was performed and a long thread-like object resembling a dead worm was identified. The worm was removed intact, and its histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Dirofilaria Peripheral blood smear did not show any microfilariae. No recurrences or new lesions were observed during the follow-up examinations at 1 and 5 months post-surgery. This case highlights the importance of considering a parasitic aetiology in cases of nodular or infectious scleritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sinha
- Academy for Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Tarini
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavik Panchal
- Vitreoretina and Uveitis Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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2
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Bozidis P, Sakkas H, Pertsalis A, Christodoulou A, Kalogeropoulos CD, Papadopoulou C. Molecular Analysis of Dirofilaria repens Isolates from Eye-Care Patients in Greece. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:271-276. [PMID: 32780297 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human ocular dirofilariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by several species of filarioid helminths of the genus Dirofilaria. The aim of this study was to further re-examine five preserved specimens previously isolated from patients with ocular dirofilariasis by molecular means. METHODS Four of the examined helminths had been stored in unbuffered formaldehyde solution for more than eight years; whereas, the fifth helminth was stored in ethanol buffer for more than two years. For the four specimens stored in formaldehyde, different methods of DNA recovery and amplification were applied and investigated for their efficiency in DNA extraction and PCR amplification. However, the DNA extraction and PCR amplification were successful only for the ethanol-preserved helminth. RESULTS The genetic identification of the ethanol-preserved specimen as Dirofilaria repens (D. repens) and its phylogenetic position based on the analysis of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one sequences are reported in the present paper. To our knowledge, these are the only deposited sequences related to D. repens that have been isolated in Greece. CONCLUSIONS Routine laboratory diagnosis is based on phenotypic characteristics of the helminthic parasites, but more accurate diagnosis requires molecular identification. Although the specimens preserved in formalin buffers may be a potential source for the enrichment of parasite genome databases, the DNA recovery of such samples is a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Bozidis
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Hercules Sakkas
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pertsalis
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Chris D Kalogeropoulos
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Chrissanthy Papadopoulou
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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Pradeep RK, Nimisha M, Pakideery V, Johns J, Chandy G, Nair S, Chandrasekhar L, Ajithkumar KG, Deepa CK, Varghese A, Ravindran R. Whether Dirofilaria repens parasites from South India belong to zoonotic Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis)? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:121-125. [PMID: 30431009 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The canine and zoonotic dirofilarioses are arthropod-borne parasitic infections caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, infecting canines, felines and humans throughout the world. Dirofilaria repens was considered as the most common cause of human dirofilariosis in Kerala. In the present study, molecular characterization of Dirofilaria isolates causing dirofilariosis in humans, dogs and jackal from Kerala, South India was undertaken by performing sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The live worms from swellings/ nodules in subconjunctiva or subcutaneous tissue or scrotum were recovered from humans (n = 3), dogs (n = 4) and one jackal. The PCRs targeting a repetitive fragment, 18S rRNA and COI genes yielded products of ~246 bp, ~875 bp and ~350 bp respectively in all the samples. The sequence analysis of 18S rRNA gene revealed the closest identity (98 to 99%) with an already published sequence of D. repens isolated from a human in Japan. However, based on the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of COI gene, the Dirofilaria infecting both animals (dogs, jackal) and humans native to Kerala, South India were identified as genetically conserved and closely related to Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis. Hence, the results of the present study suggested the existence of Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis) in Kerala, South India causing zoonotic filariosis in canines and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangapura K Pradeep
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Murikoli Nimisha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Vidya Pakideery
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Joju Johns
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - George Chandy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Samitha Nair
- Department of Microbiology, DDRC, Ulloor, Chempazhanthy P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695587, India
| | - Leena Chandrasekhar
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Karapparambu G Ajithkumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Chundiyil K Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala 673576, India.
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Agrawal S, Agrawal R, Shastri J. Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Rare case from Mumbai, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DD09-DD10. [PMID: 28764165 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26058.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a worldwide zoonotic filariasis. Human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection most commonly caused by Dirofilariarepens. Dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens, has been reported to occur widely throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. It has not been widely recognized in India; however, several cases have been reported in the last few years. Ease and frequency of international travel has probably contributed to the increase in the number of cases. There is probably a focus of human infection with D. repens in Kerala, India. We report a case of ocular dirofilariasis, from the Western part of India. Among the Indian case reports of human dirofilariasis caused by D. repens, majority had ocular infections and few had subcutaneous involvement of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachee Agrawal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, Rahul Eye Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayanthi Shastri
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Muller KE, Schwartzman JD, Seidel GD. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a masquerade of a palisaded granulomatous dermatitis. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:373-375. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E. Muller
- Department of PathologyDartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire
| | | | - Gregory D. Seidel
- Department of PathologyDartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire
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6
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Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes from domestic and wild animals. Humans accidentally get infected and can present with a lung nodule, subcutaneous mass or an ocular lesion which will be either subconjunctival or periorbital. Proper microbiological and histopathological examinations aid in proper diagnosis. Herein, we present a case report of a 64-year-old female patient from Kerala with an infraorbital mass diagnosed as dirofilariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil S Krishna
- Consultant in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daya Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - N Bilahari
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Savithry
- General Pathologist, Polyclinic Pvt Ltd, Thrisshur, Kerala, India
| | - Robert P Ambooken
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Dóczi I, Bereczki L, Gyetvai T, Fejes I, Skribek Á, Szabó Á, Berkes S, Tiszlavicz L, Bartha N, Bende B, Kis E, Kucsera I. Description of five dirofilariasis cases in South Hungary and review epidemiology of this disease for the country. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127:696-702. [PMID: 26178869 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonosis (supported by climate change) in Central Europe. Human infections are usually caused by Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis with mediation of mosquito vectors. Aims of this publication were to report our dirofilariasis cases, and to summarize Hungarian epidemiological data by reviewing literature. METHODS AND RESULTS We present five (four ophthalomological, one subcutaneous) cases observed within a 2-year period in Southern Hungary. Ages of infected patients were between 31 and 74 years. First case during pregnancy is also reported. There was no travel history in the anamnesis of patients which could explain acquisition of the infection. Moving, intact worms eliminated by surgical interventions were identified on the basis of morphological features as D. repens. Since the first report of human case, 115 further episodes (in addition to ours) were diagnosed in Hungary. Mean age of the patients was 47 years. Reviewing national reports, the ratio of subcutaneous infections was higher than that of the ocular ones (66 and 45, respectively). Evaluation of the territorial distribution of human episodes revealed that most infections occurred in patients living in the Danube-Tisza interfluvial region and eastern part of the country. However, sporadic cases were also found in western counties during 2014. CONCLUSION Most of the Hungarian dirofilariasis cases were autochthonous infections. Occurrence in the western counties may suggest the spreading of this emerging zoonosis to these areas. Comprehensive monitoring and data analysis are desirable, therefore reporting the epidemiologic data in the case of human infections should be made mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dóczi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis str, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Bereczki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis str, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gyetvai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Fejes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Skribek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Bartha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis str, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bende
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Kis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Le TA, Vi TT, Nguyen KL, Le TH. A Rare Human Case of Dirofilaria repens Infection in the Subcutaneous Posterior Thorax with Molecular Identification. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:329-33. [PMID: 26174827 PMCID: PMC4510683 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Dirofilarial infections in Asia including Vietnam is a clinically significant threat to the community. We here report a rare case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection on the posterior thoracic wall in a young woman presenting a painful, itchy, and palpable nodule. The adult worm was identified by mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear ITS-2 sequence determination. The diagnosis was additionally confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis commonly co-existing with D. repens. This is a rare case of subcutaneous human infection on the posterior thoracic region caused by D. repens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Anh Le
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuat Thang Vi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital 103, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khac Luc Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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9
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Kallampallil J, Wood SJ, O'Dempsey T, Craigie RJ. Nematode infection mimicking paratesticular malignancy. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-200775. [PMID: 24326431 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratesticular swellings pose a diagnostic dilemma due to concerns over malignancy. We present a case of paratesticular swelling in a 13-year-old boy as a result of Dirofilaria immitis infection. The boy presented with a 2-month history of right testicular discomfort associated with an irregular mass within the scrotum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jins Kallampallil
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Nath R, Bhuyan S, Dutta H, Saikia L. Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis in Assam. Trop Parasitol 2013; 3:75-8. [PMID: 23961447 PMCID: PMC3745678 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis is caused by filarial worms of the genus Dirofilaria. The parasites are transmitted to man by mosquitoes. We report three cases of human subcutaneous dirofilarias caused by Dirofilaria repens from Dibrugarh, Assam, north east India. The cases presented as subcutaneous nodules, on the chest, cheek and the anterior abdominal wall. Noting the frequency of the cases reported within 6 months, it is emphasized that subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a potentially emerging zoonosis in Assam and should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with subcutaneous nodules in Assam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Kini RG, Leena JB, Shetty P, Lyngdoh RH, Sumanth D, George L. Human dirofilariasis: an emerging zoonosis in India. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:349-54. [PMID: 26064035 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection having a widespread geographical distribution. World over 800 cases of Dirofilaria are on record with highest numbers from Italy, Sri Lanka and republics of the ex-Soviet Union. Dirofilaria repens belongs to the subgenus Nochtiella and is the most common species identified in India. Topographically, the orbital/periorbital regions are the most common regions involved by Dirofilaria. We present a brief review of cases from India including two received in our own institute. This review focuses on the epidemiology of the disease including its geographical distribution and the probable causation of the recent increase in its incidence in Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma G Kini
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - J B Leena
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Prathvi Shetty
- Department of Surgery, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Raphael Hart Lyngdoh
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - D Sumanth
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Lovely George
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
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12
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Gopinath TN, Lakshmi KP, Shaji PC, Rajalakshmi PC. Periorbital dirofilariasis-clinical and imaging findings: live worm on ultrasound. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 61:298-300. [PMID: 23803483 PMCID: PMC3744785 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular dirofilariasis is a zoonotic filariasis caused by nematode worm,Dirofilaria. We present a case of dirofilariasis affecting the upper eyelid in a 2-year-old child presenting as an acutely inflammed cyst, from southern Indian state of Kerala. Live adult worm was surgically removed and confirmed to be Dirofilaria repens. Live worm showing continuous movement was seen on the pre-operative high-resolution ultrasound. Ultrasound can be helpful in pre-operative identification of live worm. Imaging findings reported in literature are very few. We describe the clinical, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
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13
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Chopra R, Bhatti SM, Mohan S, Taneja N. Dirofilaria in the anterior chamber: a rare occurrence. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2013; 19:349-51. [PMID: 22837635 PMCID: PMC3401811 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.97965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a parasitic infection of the carvivores that may present as a zoonotic infestation in humans. Systemic involvement in man is subcutaneous, pulmonary, or ocular. We report a rare occurrence of ocular dirofilariasis in a 25-year-old male patient who presented with pain and redness in the eye. A live, white, coiled, and highly motile worm was present in the anterior chamber. The worm, however, could not be detected in the anterior chamber, posterior segment, or the angle of the anterior chamber when the patient was taken to the operating room for surgical removal of the worm. The patient was made to lie prone till the worm reappeared in the anterior chamber and was removed by paracentesis. The worm was identified as Dirofilaria repens on the basis of microscopic and histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Chopra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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14
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Genchi C, Kramer LH, Rivasi F. Dirofilarial Infections in Europe. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:1307-17. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Genchi
- Department of Animal Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura H. Kramer
- Department of Animal Health, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rivasi
- Institute of Human Pathology, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
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15
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Permi HS, Veena S, Prasad HK, Kumar YS, Mohan R, Shetty KJ. Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria repens: report of two cases. J Glob Infect Dis 2011; 3:199-201. [PMID: 21731311 PMCID: PMC3125037 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.81702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic filariasis due to Dirofilaria repens (D. repens) is prevalent in several regions of the world. In view of recent rise of human D. repens infections in Europe, Africa and Asia, it is considered an emerging zoonosis in these continents. Most of the documented cases of human dirofilariasis recorded in India had ocular infections, but very few subcutaneous dirofilariasis have been reported. We hereby report two cases of subcutaneous human dirofilariasis due to D.repens with varied clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish S Permi
- Department of Pathology, K S Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte Univesity, Mangalore, India
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16
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Poppert S, Hodapp M, Krueger A, Hegasy G, Niesen WD, Kern WV, Tannich E. Dirofilaria repens infection and concomitant meningoencephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 15:1844-6. [PMID: 19891881 PMCID: PMC2857255 DOI: 10.3201/eid1511.090936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens, a filarial nematode of dogs and other carnivores, can accidentally infect humans. Clinical symptoms are usually restricted to a subcutaneous nodule containing a single infertile parasite. Here, we report a case of D. repens infection with a subcutaneous gravid worm and the patient's concomitant meningoencephalitis and aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Poppert
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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