Postoperative airway management after nasal endoscopic sinus surgery: A comparison of traditional nasal packing with nasal airway

The effects of comfort care on the recovery quality of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients undergoing general anesthesia

OBJECTIVE

To explore the effects of comfort care on the recovery quality of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients undergoing general anesthesia.

METHODS

Ninety-eight oral and maxillofacial surgery patients undergoing general anesthesia were recruited for this prospective study and were then randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the experimental group (49 cases) underwent comfort care, and the patients in the control group (49 cases) underwent routine care. Several indexes, including the hemodynamic indexes, the analgesic dosages, the recovery times, the extubation complications, the recovery room indwelling times, the related complications, and the final satisfaction scores were recorded and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, the analgesic dosages and the recovery times in the experimental group were largely decreased (P<0.05), the occurrences of cough reactions during extubation were strongly reduced (P<0.05), and the recovery room indwelling times were also effectively shortened (P<0.05). In addition, the patients' hemodynamics in the experimental group were more stable during the recovery period (P<0.05), and the other complications, except for incision dehiscence, were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the patient satisfaction scores were also much higher in the experimental group than they were in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The recovery times of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients undergoing general anesthesia were largely shortened, and the complications during the recovery period were effectively reduced with the help of the comfort care, so it is worthy of further research and clinical promotion.

Nitroglycerine, esmolol and dexmedetomidine for induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: A comparative evaluation

Background and Aim:

Induced hypotension limits intra-operative blood loss to provide better visibility of the surgical field and diminishes the incidence of major complications during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). We aimed at comparing nitroglycerine, esmolol and dexmedetomidine for inducing controlled hypotension in patients undergoing FESS.

Material and Methods:

One hundred and fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II adult patients undergoing FESS under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three groups of 50 patients each. Group E received esmolol in a loading and maintenance dose of 1 mg/kg over 1 min and 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/h, respectively. Group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 min followed by an infusion 0.5-1.0 μg/kg/h, and group N received nitroglycerine infusion at a dose of 0.5-2 μg/kg/min so as to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 60 and 70 mmHg in all the groups. The visibility of the surgical field was assessed by surgeon using Fromme and Boezaart scoring system. Hemodynamic variables, total intra-operative fentanyl consumption, emergence time and time to first analgesic request were recorded. Any side-effects were noted. The postoperative sedation was assessed using Ramsay Sedation Score.

Result:

The desired MAP (60-70 mmHg) could be achieved in all the three study groups albeit with titration of study drugs during intra-operative period. No significant intergroup difference was observed in Fromme's score during the intra-operative period. The mean total dose of fentanyl (μg/kg) used was found to be significantly lower in group D compared to groups E and N (1.2 ± 0.75 vs. 3.6 ± 1.3 and 2.9 ± 1.1 respectively). The mean heart rate was significantly lower in group D compared to groups E and N at all times of measurement (P < 0.05). The MAP was found to be significantly lower in group D compared to groups E and N after infusion of study drugs, after induction, just after intubation and 5 min after intubation (P < 0.05). The Ramsay Sedation Scores were significantly higher in group D (score 3 in 46%) when compared to group E (score 2 in 50%) and group N (score 2 in 54%) (P < 0.001). The emergence time was significantly lower in group E and group N compared to group D. Time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in group D.

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine and esmolol provided better hemodynamic stability and operative field visibility compared to nitroglycerin during FESS. Dexmedetomidine provides an additional benefit of reducing the analgesic requirements and providing postoperative sedation.