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Wang ZW, Yin XF, Wang CX, Wang HZ, Zhou SY. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for superficial keratectomy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104237. [PMID: 38871017 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for superficial keratectomy (SK) in anterior corneal opacity. METHODS The characteristics of 43 eyes (39 patients) with various lesions responsible for anterior corneal opacity were included in this retrospective non-comparative study. AS-OCT was performed on all eyes before surgery. The thickness of corneal opacity and the underlying healthy stroma were measured. SK was performed on each individual. RESULTS Four types of anterior corneal opacity were evaluated, including corneal degeneration (26/43), Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy (8/43), alkali burn (1/43) and corneal tumors (8/43). Based on AS-OCT images, all eyes showed abnormal hyper-reflective signals in the superficial cornea to less than one-third of the normal corneal thickness in the deepest corneal opacity. All 43 eyes underwent an SK procedure. In addition, 1 eye with alkali burns and 7 eyes with corneal tumors were combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. All eyes restored transparency without significant complications. CONCLUSION AS-OCT is a valuable method for objective preoperative and noninvasive assessments of anterior corneal opacities and is useful for guiding SK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Yingtan People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Foshan, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Yingtan People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, China; The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-You Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Messina M, Poddi M, De Santi N, Bianchi E, Cagini C. Combined superficial keratectomy, alcohol delamination and amniotic membrane patch with fibrin glue in Salzmann nodular degeneration. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241251890. [PMID: 38676318 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241251890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the outcomes of five Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration (SND) cases treated with a combination of alcohol delamination, superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane patch with fibrin glue. METHODS Five patients affected by SND with significant discomfort and decreased visual acuity were evaluated with refraction, best corrected visual acuity, Break-up time test, corneal topography, Anterior Segment of Optical Coherence Tomography and images of anterior segment with a full slit lamp examination. All the patients underwent alcohol delamination of the corneal epithelium followed by superficial keratectomy to remove the subepithelial nodules. A patch of amniotic membrane was applied to all of them with a ring shape and a banana shape in two patients due to the location of the disease. A bandage contact lens was inserted. The patch was kept in place for 14 days. Another bandage contact lens was inserted for 21 days until the corneal epithelium had completely healed. RESULTS The surgical procedure was successful in removing the nodules in all patients. Vision was restored in all cases with a significant regularization of the corneal surface and reduction of ocular discomfort. After a 12-month follow-up, none of the patients showed recurrence of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Combining alcohol delamination with superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane patch with fibrin glue is an effective procedure for the management of SND to regularize the corneal surface and avoid the recurrence of subsequent nodules. This report is the first description of the outcomes of SND cases treated with a combination of the aforementioned techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Messina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmology Section, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Poddi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmology Section, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola De Santi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmology Section, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bianchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmology Section, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cagini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ophthalmology Section, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
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3
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Hua Z, Han X, Li G, Lv L, Jianimuhan N, Ma D, Cai L, Hu F, Yang J. Integrated analysis of microRNA expression in tears of Kazakh patients with climatic droplet keratopathy in Xinjiang, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20214. [PMID: 37810840 PMCID: PMC10550586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) is a corneal diseases, which is characterized by increased oil-like deposits on the anterior elastic lamina and anterior stromal layer. Severe CDK can even cause blindness, with no specific available treatment. Besides. CDK is poorly understood in terms of its pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, to determine potential biomarkers for CDK, we analyzed the microRNA expression profile in tear samples from CDK patients and investigated their putative roles in the pathogenesis of CDK. Herein, miRNA sequencing and following bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the roles of their target genes in CDK. A total of 67 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 25 were upregulated and 42 were downregulated. qPCR verification showed that among the up- and down-regulated miRNAs, expression of five and six, respectively, was most significantly different.The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in the FoxO signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction network analyses identified 20 hub genes, including PTEN, GSK3B, and SMAD3. In conclusion, the panel of differentially expressed miRNAs identified may have potential utility as early diagnostic biomarkers for CDK. Moreover, the TNF signaling pathway is a new potential target in CDK for the development of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Ninth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Lv
- Emin County People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Dongmei Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- Ninth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China
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Salari F, Beikmarzehei A, Liu G, Zarei-Ghanavati M, Liu C. Superficial Keratectomy: A Review of Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915284. [PMID: 35872789 PMCID: PMC9299356 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial keratectomy (SK) is the manual dissection of the superficial corneal layers (epithelium, Bowman's layer, and sometimes superficial stroma). SK is done using a surgical blade or diamond burr. Some surgeons use intraoperative mitomycin C 0.02% or amniotic membrane transplantation to improve surgical outcomes. This literature review shows that SK remains an effective method for different indications, including tissue diagnosis, excision of corneal degenerations, dystrophies, scarring, recurrent corneal erosions, and retained corneal foreign body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Salari
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - George Liu
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
- Tongdean Eye Clinic, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati
| | - Christopher Liu
- Tongdean Eye Clinic, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Hua Z, Han X, Li G, Lv L, He X, Gu L, Luo J, Yang J. Prevalence and associated factors for climatic droplet keratopathy in Kazakhs adults: a cross-sectional study in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 34461871 PMCID: PMC8404251 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigation of the prevalence of climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China. Methods A total of 1030 participants, in their 40s or older, from the Kazakh ethnic group in Tacheng, were randomly sampled by stratification method. Ophthalmic examinations and surveys were carried out on these participants. Factors associated with CDK were analyzed with logistic regression models. Results CDK was found in 66 (6.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9–7.9%) Kazakh individuals. After multiple regression model analysis, it demonstrated that age (< 0.001), exposure time (< 0.001), exposure protection (< 0.001), and vegetable intake (< 0.001) were of correlation with CDK, of which age (OR = 1.21[CI]: 1.16–1.27) and long-term outdoor exposure (OR = 2.42[CI]: 1.26–4.67) were the risk factors, and that vegetable intake (OR = 0.29[CI]: 0.14–0.59) and wearing a hat (OR = 0.24[CI]: 0.10–0.56) were protective factors. Conclusions This study has revealed the risk and protective factors of CDK, providing a new insight on related research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02065-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Ninth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Lv
- Emin County People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- Ninth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China
| | - Laman Gu
- Ninth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Key NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
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Paranjpe V, Galor A, Monsalve P, Dubovy SR, Karp CL. Salzmann nodular degeneration: prevalence, impact, and management strategies. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1305-1314. [PMID: 31413538 PMCID: PMC6663077 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s166280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This review will summarize the clinical and histological presentation of Salzmann nodular degeneration (SND), its prevalence and risk factors, potential underlying mechanisms, diagnostic tools, management options, and impact on cataract surgery and co-morbid ocular surface diseases. Method PubMed review of 44 articles published between 1976 and 2018. Results SND is a corneal disease characterized by whitish gray or bluish nodules on the peripheral or central cornea. The clinical presentation of SND is variable and the nodules can be asymptomatic or cause foreign body sensation and/or blurred vision. Histologically, SND appears as subepithelial nodules with thin overlying epithelium, disrupted or absent Bowman’s layer, and activated fibroblasts within the nodule. SND pathogenesis is not fully understood but is thought to involve poor epithelial protection and disruption of the epithelial–stromal interface, allowing for penetration of epithelially derived growth factors into the stroma and subsequent activation of stromal fibroblasts, eventually leading to sub-epithelial deposition of disorganized extracellular membrane components. SND most commonly occurs in Caucasian females in a bimodal distribution, occurring in the fifth or eighth and ninth decades of life. Risk factors for SND include ocular surface diseases and surgery. Surgical intervention is recommended in individuals with symptomatic nodules – primarily superficial keratectomy performed with or without intraoperative mitomycin C, photokeratectomy, and/or amniotic membrane transplantation. These procedures have been successful in removing the lesion and reducing corneal irregularity, but have variable recurrence rates (0–31%). Conclusion The pathogenesis of SND is complex and multifactorial. Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities have allowed for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Paranjpe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Pedro Monsalve
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sander R Dubovy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carol L Karp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Salzmann's Nodular Degeneration. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the incidence and characterize the clinical features of band-shaped keratopathy in Chinese patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome. METHODS The data of 360 consecutive VKH patients examined from November 2000 to December 2008 were reviewed. The patients were diagnosed with VKH syndrome according to international criteria. The data of VKH patients with band-shaped keratopathy, including age at disease onset, gender, intervals between disease onset and emergence of this complication, other complications, and therapy were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Of the 360 VKH patients, 66 patients (132 eyes) visited us at the stage of posterior uveitis or anterior uveal involvement. None of these 132 eyes had band-shaped keratopathy develop. The other 294 VKH patients (587 eyes) visited us at the stage of recurrent, granulomatous, anterior uveitis, and band-shaped keratopathy was observed in 21 eyes of 13 patients (3.6%). Of these 13 patients, there were 6 men and 7 women. Band-shaped keratopathy in 21 eyes was observed from 9 months to 32 years, with a mean of 12.7 years after the first uveitis attack. These patients had been intermittently treated with systemic corticosteroids and occasionally in combination with a transient use of either chlorambucil or azathioprine. All the eyes with band-shaped keratopathy showed recurrent and chronic intraocular inflammation. Complicated cataract, increased intraocular pressure and decreased intraocular pressure were observed in 18, 12, and 5 eyes, respectively. Ocular phthisis was observed in 1 eye. The best-corrected vision of 0.3 or less was observed in 85.1% of the affected eyes. CONCLUSIONS Band-shaped keratopathy is a relatively uncommon complication in VKH syndrome and mostly occurs in relatively younger patients with a long course of chronic intraocular inflammation. It was frequently associated with complicated cataract and secondary glaucoma and was a marker for poor visual outcome.
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Hamada S, Darrad K, McDonnell PJ. Salzmann's nodular corneal degeneration (SNCD): Clinical findings, risk factors, prognosis and the role of previous contact lens wear. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011; 34:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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