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Glynatsis MN, Economou M, Papadopoulou K, Mylona I. Pediatric Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Attributed to a Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Cureus 2024; 16:e61083. [PMID: 38919210 PMCID: PMC11196852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents a rare case of a central retinal artery occlusion in an eight-year-old girl attributed to an undiagnosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Despite intensive treatment, the patient's eyesight failed to improve. Cases of central retinal artery occlusion may occur in patients with undiagnosed, small PDA, with only symptomatic treatment being available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikes N Glynatsis
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Marina Economou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, 'Hippokration' General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Kalliopi Papadopoulou
- Department of Ophthalmology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Ioanna Mylona
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Serres, Serres, GRC
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Sharabati I, Ayesh BM, Qafesha RM, Rasras H, Abunejma FM, Abdulrazzak M, Jobran AW. Central retinal artery occlusion in a child with ADA2 deficiency: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2343-2347. [PMID: 38576931 PMCID: PMC10990381 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) is the first molecularly described monogenic vasculitis syndrome. During the past decade, DADA2's clinical spectrum has expanded significantly as the number of reported cases has increased. Case presentation A 5-year-old boy with DADA2 who experienced sudden onset left-sided vision loss due to unilateral central retinal artery occlusion. The patient had a history of recurrent fever and arthralgia with high inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Brain MRI showed mild limbic encephalitis, and MRA was normal. His gene sequencing results demonstrated substitutions mutation in ADA2, and the diagnosis of DADA2 was eventually confirmed. Clinical discussion Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in paediatrics is a very rare condition. Typically, DADA2 presents in childhood as systemic inflammation, vasculitis, humoral immunodeficiency, and/or haematologic abnormalities. The most common phenotype described in the literature is vasculitis, which typically affects the skin and central nervous system, but other systems can also be affected. Ophthalmic manifestations are less common and highly variable. Conclusions DADA2 manifests rarely with central retinal artery occlusion; therefore, physicians should be aware of this manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heba Rasras
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem
| | - Fawzy M. Abunejma
- Ahli Hospital, PRCS Hebron Hospital, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
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Pattathil N, Bal M, Law C. Spontaneous Late Visual Recovery in Pediatric Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2023; 60:e70-e74. [PMID: 38019940 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20230906-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a rare case of pediatric central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and spontaneous late recovery, with associated literature review. A retrospective review of patient medical records and literature search of four relevant databases was conducted. A 7-year-old girl with sudden, painless loss of vision in her right eye was referred to the authors' center where she was found to have a CRAO with hand motion visual acuity. One month later, the patient developed multiple retinal hemorrhages throughout the fundus. Despite undergoing extensive investigations, a cause for her condition was not determined. Seventeen months after the original event, the patient regained a visual acuity of 20/40. A CRAO in the pediatric population is relatively rare and requires extensive investigation into the potential cause. Compared to adult CRAO, presentation in the pediatric age group should warrant a high index of suspicion and extensive work-up to treat any underlying systemic conditions and possibly prevent involvement of the other eye. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(6):e70-e74.].
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Varicella Retinal Vasculopathy: Unilateral Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion Despite Acyclovir Therapy Caught Using Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography (OCTA). Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019; 2019:5752180. [PMID: 31380132 PMCID: PMC6662444 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5752180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster is known to be associated with vaso-occlusive pathologies, vasculitis, or optic neuritis, leading to profound visual loss. We report a case where a 13-year-old boy who initially presented to us with on and off diminution of vision in his right eye since 3 days and had normal ocular and OCT angiography findings followed up in 5 days with sudden painless diminution of vision in the same eye since one day this time revealing a pale macular region with rest of the retina being normal. Repeated OCT angiography showed loss of the capillary network around the perifoveal region suggesting cilioretinal artery occlusion.
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Redd T, Lin P, Loh AR. Bartonella presenting as branch retinal artery occlusion in a child. J AAPOS 2019; 23:121-123. [PMID: 30710644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is rare in children. Bartonella is a known cause of branch retinal artery occlusion in adults, but it is typically not considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric BRAO. We present the case of a 12-year old boy with a BRAO caused by a Bartonella henselae infection. This is the youngest such case reported in the literature. Although rare, Bartonella infection may be an important and underrecognized cause of pediatric BRAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Redd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health, and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Phoebe Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health, and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allison R Loh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health, and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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Central retinal artery occlusion in a young child secondary to resistance to activated protein C. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:e347-e349. [PMID: 30217606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Choi JH, Yang HK, Lee JE. Incidental branch retinal artery occlusion on optical coherence tomography angiography presenting as segmental optic atrophy in a child: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:256. [PMID: 29258533 PMCID: PMC5738177 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal artery occlusion is extremely rare in the pediatric population and most patients have risk factors. We report a case of a healthy child with segmental optic atrophy, complicated by incidental branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Case presentation A 10-year-old boy who had a history of his mother’s gestational diabetes presented with an inferonasal visual field defect in the left eye. His best-corrected visual acuities were 20/20 in both eyes (OU). Fundoscopic examination revealed segmental pallor of the left optic disc, thinning of the superotemporal rim, a relative superior entrance of the central retinal artery and superior peripapillary scleral halo. Fluorescein angiography showed patchy filling delays in the corresponding disc area without retinal vascular abnormalities. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) via automated segmentation analysis demonstrated sectoral absence of the ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer with thinning of the inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer in the corresponding retina. OCT angiography (OCTA) showed focal attenuation of superficial and intermediate/deep capillary plexuses in the corresponding areas. Systemic evaluation was unremarkable. The patient was diagnosed with segmental optic atrophy caused by incidental BRAO. Conclusions Retinal vascular occlusions are rare in childhood, and may present as segmental optic atrophy mimicking congenital anomalies. OCTA allows the detection of previous microvascular abnormalities in the chronic phase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a child with segmental optic atrophy presumably caused by BRAO, which was documented by SD OCT and OCTA in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Medical Center, 121, Junggu-ro, Jung-gu, Busan, 48972, South Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, #166, Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Medical Center, 121, Junggu-ro, Jung-gu, Busan, 48972, South Korea.
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Venugopal N. Head injury, varicella vasculopathy: Differential diagnosis for pediatric retinal arterial occlusion. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:424. [PMID: 28574006 PMCID: PMC5565890 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.207452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajapillai Venugopal
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, Clinic and Glaucoma Service, AG Eye Hospital, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hemiretinal Artery Occlusion in an 11-Year-Old Child with Dextrocardia. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2017; 2016:5104789. [PMID: 28050295 PMCID: PMC5168449 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To report a case of hemiretinal artery occlusion in a child with dextrocardia, visceral heterotaxia, and secondary polycythemia. Methods. Complete clinical examination, fundus photography, and retinal fluorescein angiography were performed. Laboratory testing included complete blood cell count, homocysteine, protein c, protein s, activated protein s, methyltetrahydrofolate and homocysteine activator genes, factor leiden V gene, antithrombin III, and activated protein c resistance. In addition, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterism were performed. Results. We report an 11-year-old boy with a sudden, painless visual loss in his right eye. His past medical history is remarkable for a congenital cardiac disease. He presented with vision of light perception in the right eye and a relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundus findings included a macular cherry-red spot and inferior hemiretinal whitening consistent with hemiretinal artery occlusion. Laboratory testing showed increased red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. The patient was treated with four phlebotomies with improvement of RBC count and after one month reperfusion of the retina and a visual acuity of 20/200 were observed. Thrombophilia and cardiac screening were negative, except for secondary polycythemia. Conclusion. Hemiretinal artery occlusion is extremely rare in children and is often associated with congenital cardiac disease and hypercoagulative states.
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Bao Y, Li X, Wang K, Zhao C, Ji X, Jiang M. Central retinal artery occlusion and cerebral infarction associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia infection in children. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:210. [PMID: 27938350 PMCID: PMC5148912 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an arterial ischemic stroke, rarely occurred in children accompanied with asymptomatic cerebral infarction and almost never involved in severe pneumonia related to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Case presentation An 8-year-old boy with severe pneumonia related to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection that developed loss of vision in the left eye on the 14th day. No light perception and no pupillary reaction to light were found in the left eye. The fundus examination revealed a cherry red spot with severe retinal edema at the macular and peripapillary area, and the optic disc was pale in the left eye but normal in the right eye, suggesting CRAO in the left eye. No obvious neurological symptoms and signs were observed on presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an abnormal signal of the left lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus and within the temporal lobe, suggesting an acute cerebral infarction. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid showed an increasing leukocyte count, but no any pathogenic microorganisms were found. His respiratory symptoms disappeared promptly after therapy, and the patient was discharged after 11 days later, but there was no light in the left eye 2 months after discharge. Conclusion M. pneumoniae infection could be developed the risk for cerebral ischemic stroke, including CRAO in children with severe pneumonia. CRAO is a devastating ophthalmologic event leading to a severe impairment of vision. Patients treated within about 6 h of vision loss had a better visual outcome after the onset of vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiumei Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Idiopathic central retinal artery occlusion in an eight-year-old girl. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; 39:e1-3. [PMID: 26549139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jang JH, Moon JW, Cho YW. A Case of Idiopathic Pediatric Acute Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Involving the Macular Area. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.2.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Won Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Wook Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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