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Chai D, Du H, Li K, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao X, Lian X, Xu Y. CDX2 and Reg IV expression and correlation in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33639844 PMCID: PMC7913228 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic expression of CDX2 is associated with the development and progression of gastric cancer. Previous studies showed that CDX2 may be an upstream regulator of Reg IV expression in gastric cancer, and our previous report showed that Reg IV upregulated SOX9 expression and enhanced cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. However, the regulatory roles of CDX2 have not been clarified in gastric cancer, and the correlation between CDX2 and Reg IV requires further study. Methods CDX2 and Reg IV were examined in gastric cancer specimens and paired adjacent tissues via real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between CDX2 and Reg IV was assessed using the χ2-test and Spearman’s rank correlation. To verify their relationship, knockdown and exogenous expression of CDX2 or Reg IV were performed in AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells, and their expression was subsequently analyzed via a real-time PCR and western blotting. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to examine migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells following CDX2 silencing or overexpression. Results A positive correlation was observed between CDX2 and Reg IV expression at the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer tissues. CDX2 silencing significantly downregulated Reg IV expression, and CDX2 overexpression significantly upregulated Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Neither Reg IV silencing nor overexpression had any effect on CDX2 protein expression in AGS or MKN-45 cells, even though both affected the expression of CDX2 mRNA. Functionally, CDX2 silencing significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and CDX2 overexpression significantly promoted cell migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CDX2 expression was positively correlated with that of Reg IV in gastric cancer, and CDX2 promoted cell migration and invasion through upregulation of Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chai
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Huifen Du
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Kesheng Li
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lian
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
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Hoshina H, Takei H, Sakatani T, Naito Z. CDX2-positive breast cancer presented with axillary lymph node metastases: A case report. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100300. [PMID: 33421821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The caudal type homeobox 2 transcription factor (CDX2) is a specific and sensitive marker for intestinal carcinoma, but usually not expressed in breast cancer. In CDX2-positive metastatic cancer of occult primary, the origin is highly suspicious of an enteric carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 50-year-old woman complained of enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) in the right axilla. Mammography and ultrasonography scans showed no abnormal findings in her breasts. Core needle biopsy (CNB) revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CDX2 intensely. The primary tumor was suspicious of intestinal adenocarcinoma. A dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an accentuated lesion which was detected using a second-look ultrasound, and diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma by CNB. A partial mastectomy of the right breast with level I and II axillary LN dissection was performed. A few cells of primary cancer were expressed CDX2 and estrogen receptor. The final pathological diagnosis was T1bN3aM0 stage IIIC. The fluorescent double staining showed that CDX2 simultaneously expressed on the Ki67 positive cells of metastatic tumors. The adjuvant treatment included chemotherapy and radiation, followed by tamoxifen administration. The patient survived without any recurrences over the following 36 months. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare case of CDX2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the axillary LNs. As some literatures reported vitamin D pathways induced cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition, these metastatic cells of our case might play the effort of autoregulation of inhibiting progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Hoshina
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kikuna Memorial Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakatani
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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Zhang T, Zhang K, Ji K, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Tian Z, Wang X, Zhang M, Li X. microRNA-365 inhibits YAP through TLR4-mediated IRF3 phosphorylation and thereby alleviates gastric precancerous lesions. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:549. [PMID: 33292210 PMCID: PMC7664090 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is currently one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and gastric precancerous lesions play a vital role in studying the mechanism of GC. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been documented to be potential biomarkers to indicate progression of gastric precancerous lesions. In this study, we explained the anti-cancer effect of miR-365 in gastric precancerous lesions via regulation of the TLR4/IRF3/YAP/CDX2 axis. Methods miR-365, TLR4, CDX2 and IPF3 expression was determined in GC and atrophic gastritis tissues and cells. After transfection of shRNA and overexpression plasmids, in vitro experiments detected the alteration of cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory factors. Bioinformatics analysis, Co-IP and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted to evaluate the binding between miR-365 and TLR4 as well as IRF3 and YAP. Rat models were established to explore the effect of the miR-365 and TLR4 on gastric precancerous lesions. Results miR-365 was poorly expressed in GC and atrophic gastritis tissues and GC cell lines, while TLR4, CDX2 and IRF3 were overexpressed. Of note, miR-365 was indicated to target TLR4 and thereby suppressed cancer progression and increased hemoglobin content. Interestingly, silencing of TLR4 was accompanied by decreased IRF3 phosphorylation and reduced expression with less binding between CDX2 and IRF3. Downregulation of YAP resulted in declined CDX2 expression in cancer cells. Moreover, the inhibitory role of miR-365 was further confirmed in animal models. Conclusion Taken together, miR-365-mediated TLR4 inhibition reduces IRF3 phosphorylation and YAP-mediated CDX2 transcription to impede progression of gastric precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Li K, Du H, Lian X, Chai D, Li X, Yang R, Wang C. Establishment and characterization of a metastasis model of human gastric cancer in nude mice. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:54. [PMID: 26847082 PMCID: PMC4741000 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A mouse model of metastasis of human gastric cancer is one of the most important tools for studying the biological mechanisms underlying human gastric cancer metastasis. In this paper, we established a mouse model of metastatic human gastric cancer in nude mice that has a higher rate of tumor formation and metastasis than existing models. Methods To generate the mouse model of metastatic human gastric cancer, fresh tumor tissues from patients that have undergone surgery for gastric cancer were subcutaneously implanted in the right and left groins of nude mice. When the implanted tissue grew to 1 cubic centimeter, the mice were killed, and the tumor tissues were examined and resected. The tumor tissues were implanted into nude mice and subjected to pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time PCR for cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18), E-cadherin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The mice were also analyzed for metastasis in their peritoneum, abdominal cavity, and internal organs by histopathological examination. Tissues collected from these organs were examined for pathology. Results After ten generations of implantation, all mice developed tumor growth at the implanted position, 94 % of the mice developed metastasis to the retroperitoneum and viscera. The implanted and metastatic tumor maintained the same histological features across all generations, and metastasis was observed in the esophagus, stomach, spleen, liver, kidney, adrenal, intestine, and pancreas. These metastatic tumors revealed no detectable expression of CK8/18, E-cadherin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1. Conclusions This model will serve as valuable tool for understanding the metastatic process of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesheng Li
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Huifen Du
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lian
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Chai
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Li
- Department of Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of pathology, Tumor Hospital of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunya Wang
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu province, Lanzhou, China
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Guo C, Wang W, Shi Q, Chen P, Zhou C. An abnormally high expression of ISL-1 represents a potential prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1282-9. [PMID: 26142548 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin gene enhancer binding protein-1 (ISL-1) is a transcription factor involved in development of the heart, motor neurons, and pancreas. Our previous study indicated that ISL-1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer but not in other gastrointestinal tumors. However, no immunohistochemical or clinicopathological studies of ISL-1 in gastric carcinoma have been performed. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and prognostic value of ISL-1 in gastric carcinoma. A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the role of ISL-1 on cancer genesis and development in vivo. Overexpression of ISL-1 significantly enhanced the tumorigenicity of NIH3T3 cells in vivo. ISL-1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 456 human gastric carcinoma and normal tissues. ISL-1 was significantly overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma compared with normal gastric tissues. ISL-1 expression was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and histological grade (P < .05, χ(2) test). Positive ISL-1 expression was associated with poorer 5-year overall survival in gastric cancer (P = .001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ISL-1 expression (P = .047) could be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in gastric carcinoma. This study suggests that ISL-1 may be a useful prognostic biomarker and may represent a novel therapeutic target for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function (Beijing), Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function (Beijing), Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function (Beijing), Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function (Beijing), Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function (Beijing), Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China.
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