1
|
Li J, Yang M, Dai Y, Guo X, Ding Y, Li X, Zhang S, Xu W, Chen L, Tao J, Liu W. Electroacupuncture regulates Rab5a-mediating NGF transduction to improve learning and memory ability in the early stage of AD mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14743. [PMID: 38780008 PMCID: PMC11112630 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nerve growth factor (NGF) loss is a potential factor for the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Rab5a is a key regulatory molecule of NGF signaling transduction. Here, we investigated the changes of Rab5a in 5 × FAD mice and further explored the mechanism of Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment in improving cognition in the early stage of AD. METHODS The total Rab5a and Rab5a-GTP in 5-month-old 5 × FAD mice and wild-type mice were detected using WB and IP technologies. 5 × FAD mice were treated with EA at the Bai hui (DU20) and Shen ting (DU24) acupoints for 4 weeks and CRE/LOXP technology was used to confirm the role of Rab5a in AD mediated by EA stimulation. The Novel Object Recognition and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of 5 × FAD mice. The Nissl, immunohistochemistry, and Thioflavin S staining were used to observe pathological morphological changes in the basal forebrain circuit. The Golgi staining was used to investigate the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain circuit and WB technology was used to detect the expression levels of cholinergic-related and NGF signal-related proteins. RESULTS The total Rab5a was unaltered, but Rab5a-GTP increased and the rab5a-positive early endosomes appeared enlarged in the hippocampus of 5 × FAD mice. Notably, EA reduced Rab5a-GTP in the hippocampus in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. EA could improve object recognition memory and spatial learning memory by reducing Rab5a activity in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. Moreover, EA could reduce Rab5a activity to increase NGF transduction and increase the levels of phosphorylated TrkA, AKT, and ERK in the basal forebrain and hippocampus, and increase the expression of cholinergic-related proteins, such as ChAT, vAchT, ChT1, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the basal forebrain and ChAT, m1AchR, and m2AchR in the hippocampus, improving synaptic plasticity in the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice. CONCLUSIONS Rab5a hyperactivation is an early pathological manifestation of 5 × FAD mice. EA could suppress Rab5a-GTP to promote the transduction of NGF signaling, and enhance the synaptic plasticity of the basal forebrain hippocampal circuit improving cognitive impairment in the early stage of 5 × FAD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Li
- The Institute of Rehabilitation IndustryFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology900TH hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation IndustryFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Yaling Dai
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine TechnologyFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine TechnologyFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Yanyi Ding
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine TechnologyFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Provincial and Ministerial Co‐founded Collaborative Innovation Center of Rehabilitation TechnologyFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology900TH hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Wenshan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Cognitive RehabilitationAffiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Lidian Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation IndustryFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation IndustryFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rudajev V, Novotny J. Cholesterol-dependent amyloid β production: space for multifarious interactions between amyloid precursor protein, secretases, and cholesterol. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 37705117 PMCID: PMC10500844 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β is considered a key player in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many studies investigating the effect of statins on lowering cholesterol suggest that there may be a link between cholesterol levels and AD pathology. Since cholesterol is one of the most abundant lipid molecules, especially in brain tissue, it affects most membrane-related processes, including the formation of the most dangerous form of amyloid β, Aβ42. The entire Aβ production system, which includes the amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, and the complex of γ-secretase, is highly dependent on membrane cholesterol content. Moreover, cholesterol can affect amyloidogenesis in many ways. Cholesterol influences the stability and activity of secretases, but also dictates their partitioning into specific cellular compartments and cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts, where the amyloidogenic machinery is predominantly localized. The most complicated relationships have been found in the interaction between cholesterol and APP, where cholesterol affects not only APP localization but also the precise character of APP dimerization and APP processing by γ-secretase, which is important for the production of Aβ of different lengths. In this review, we describe the intricate web of interdependence between cellular cholesterol levels, cholesterol membrane distribution, and cholesterol-dependent production of Aβ, the major player in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rudajev
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chandrasekaran V, Hediyal TA, Anand N, Kendaganna PH, Gorantla VR, Mahalakshmi AM, Ghanekar RK, Yang J, Sakharkar MK, Chidambaram SB. Polyphenols, Autophagy and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1196. [PMID: 37627261 PMCID: PMC10452370 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites from plant origin and are shown to possess a wide range of therapeutic benefits. They are also reported as regulators of autophagy, inflammation and neurodegeneration. The autophagy pathway is vital in degrading outdated organelles, proteins and other cellular wastes. The dysregulation of autophagy causes proteinopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. Evidence reveals that polyphenols improve autophagy by clearing misfolded proteins in the neurons, suppress neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and also protect from neurodegeneration. This review is an attempt to summarize the mechanism of action of polyphenols in modulating autophagy and their involvement in pathways such as mTOR, AMPK, SIRT-1 and ERK. It is evident that polyphenols cause an increase in the levels of autophagic proteins such as beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3 I and II), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), etc. Although it is apparent that polyphenols regulate autophagy, the exact interaction of polyphenols with autophagy markers is not known. These data require further research and will be beneficial in supporting polyphenol supplementation as a potential alternative treatment for regulating autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vichitra Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.C.); (T.A.H.); (A.M.M.)
- Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Tousif Ahmed Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.C.); (T.A.H.); (A.M.M.)
- Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Saint John’s P.O. Box W-1451, Antigua and Barbuda;
| | - Pavan Heggadadevanakote Kendaganna
- Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | | | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.C.); (T.A.H.); (A.M.M.)
- Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Ruchika Kaul Ghanekar
- Symbiosis Centre for Research and Innovation (SCRI), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India;
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (V.C.); (T.A.H.); (A.M.M.)
- Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Yan H, Wang X, Li X, Zhao J, Hu J, Yang S, Tian Y, Yao Y, Qiu Z, Song Y, Yang Y. The regulatory role of PI3K in ageing-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101963. [PMID: 37245633 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a physiological/pathological process accompanied by the progressive damage of cell function, triggering various ageing-related disorders. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which serves as one of the central regulators of ageing, is closely associated with cellular characteristics or molecular features, such as genome instability, telomere erosion, epigenetic alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the PI3K signalling pathway was firstly thoroughly explained. The link between ageing pathogenesis and the PI3K signalling pathway was then summarized. Finally, the key regulatory roles of PI3K in ageing-related illnesses were investigated and stressed. In summary, we revealed that drug development and clinical application targeting PI3K is one of the focal points for delaying ageing and treating ageing-related diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yazhe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huanle Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yifan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenye Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, 43 North Street, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morrone CD, Raghuraman R, Hussaini SA, Yu WH. Proteostasis failure exacerbates neuronal circuit dysfunction and sleep impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:27. [PMID: 37085942 PMCID: PMC10119020 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed proteostasis is a well-documented feature of Alzheimer's disease, particularly, reduced protein degradation and clearance. However, the contribution of failed proteostasis to neuronal circuit dysfunction is an emerging concept in neurodegenerative research and will prove critical in understanding cognitive decline. Our objective is to convey Alzheimer's disease progression with the growing evidence for a bidirectional relationship of sleep disruption and proteostasis failure. Proteostasis dysfunction and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease disrupts neurons that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, which presents behavior as impaired slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep patterns. Subsequent sleep loss further impairs protein clearance. Sleep loss is a defined feature seen early in many neurodegenerative disorders and contributes to memory impairments in Alzheimer's disease. Canonical pathological hallmarks, β-amyloid, and tau, directly disrupt sleep, and neurodegeneration of locus coeruleus, hippocampal and hypothalamic neurons from tau proteinopathy causes disruption of the neuronal circuitry of sleep. Acting in a positive-feedback-loop, sleep loss and circadian rhythm disruption then increase spread of β-amyloid and tau, through impairments of proteasome, autophagy, unfolded protein response and glymphatic clearance. This phenomenon extends beyond β-amyloid and tau, with interactions of sleep impairment with the homeostasis of TDP-43, α-synuclein, FUS, and huntingtin proteins, implicating sleep loss as an important consideration in an array of neurodegenerative diseases and in cases of mixed neuropathology. Critically, the dynamics of this interaction in the neurodegenerative environment are not fully elucidated and are deserving of further discussion and research. Finally, we propose sleep-enhancing therapeutics as potential interventions for promoting healthy proteostasis, including β-amyloid and tau clearance, mechanistically linking these processes. With further clinical and preclinical research, we propose this dynamic interaction as a diagnostic and therapeutic framework, informing precise single- and combinatorial-treatments for Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Daniel Morrone
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Radha Raghuraman
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Abid Hussaini
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez RAS, Pinky PD, Harlan BA, Brewer GJ. GTP energy dependence of endocytosis and autophagy in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2023; 45:757-780. [PMID: 36622562 PMCID: PMC9886713 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased interest in the aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related impairments in autophagy in the brain raise important questions about regulation and treatment. Since many steps in endocytosis and autophagy depend on GTPases, new measures of cellular GTP levels are needed to evaluate energy regulation in aging and AD. The recent development of ratiometric GTP sensors (GEVALS) and findings that GTP levels are not homogenous inside cells raise new issues of regulation of GTPases by the local availability of GTP. In this review, we highlight the metabolism of GTP in relation to the Rab GTPases involved in formation of early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomal transport to execute the autophagic degradation of damaged cargo. Specific GTPases control macroautophagy (mitophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). By inference, local GTP levels would control autophagy, if not in excess. Additional levels of control are imposed by the redox state of the cell, including thioredoxin involvement. Throughout this review, we emphasize the age-related changes that could contribute to deficits in GTP and AD. We conclude with prospects for boosting GTP levels and reversing age-related oxidative redox shift to restore autophagy. Therefore, GTP levels could regulate the numerous GTPases involved in endocytosis, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking. In aging, metabolic adaptation to a sedentary lifestyle could impair mitochondrial function generating less GTP and redox energy for healthy management of amyloid and tau proteostasis, synaptic function, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Benjamin A. Harlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Gregory J. Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanaka MT, Miki Y, Bettencourt C, Ozaki T, Tanji K, Mori F, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K. Involvement of autophagic protein DEF8 in Lewy bodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:170-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Neuronal Rubicon Represses Extracellular APP/Amyloid β Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121860. [PMID: 35740989 PMCID: PMC9221152 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-associated neurodegenerative disease. A decrease in autophagy during aging contributes to brain disorders by accumulating potentially toxic substrates in neurons. Rubicon is a well-established inhibitor of autophagy in all cells. However, Rubicon participates in different pathways depending on cell type, and little information is currently available on neuronal Rubicon’s role in the AD context. Here, we investigated the cell-specific expression of Rubicon in postmortem brain samples from AD patients and 5xFAD mice and its impact on amyloid β burden in vivo and neuroblastoma cells. Further, we assessed Rubicon levels in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), derived from early-to-moderate AD and in postmortem samples from severe AD patients. We found increased Rubicon levels in AD-hiPSCs and postmortem samples and a notable Rubicon localization in neurons. In AD transgenic mice lacking Rubicon, we observed intensified amyloid β burden in the hippocampus and decreased Pacer and p62 levels. In APP-expressing neuroblastoma cells, increased APP/amyloid β secretion in the medium was found when Rubicon was absent, which was not observed in cells depleted of Atg5, essential for autophagy, or Rab27a, required for exosome secretion. Our results propose an uncharacterized role of Rubicon on APP/amyloid β homeostasis, in which neuronal Rubicon is a repressor of APP/amyloid β secretion, defining a new way to target AD and other similar diseases therapeutically.
Collapse
|
9
|
Leyton E, Matus D, Espinoza S, Benitez JM, Cortés BI, Gomez W, Arévalo NB, Murgas P, Manque P, Woehlbier U, Duran-Aniotz C, Hetz C, Behrens MI, SanMartín CD, Nassif M. DEF8 and Autophagy-Associated Genes Are Altered in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Patients, and a Transgenic Model of the Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S163-S178. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Disturbances in the autophagy/endolysosomal systems are proposed as early signatures of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few studies are available concerning autophagy gene expression in AD patients. Objective: To explore the differential expression of classical genes involved in the autophagy pathway, among them a less characterized one, DEF8 (Differentially expressed in FDCP 8), initially considered a Rubicon family member, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable AD (pAD) and correlate the results with the expression of DEF8 in the brain of 5xFAD mice. Method: By real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we evaluated autophagy genes levels in PBMCs from MCI and pAD patients. We evaluated DEF8 levels and its localization in brain samples of the 5xFAD mice by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results: Transcriptional levels of DEF8 were significantly reduced in PBMCs of MCI and pAD patients compared with healthy donors, correlating with the MoCA and MoCA-MIS cognitive tests scores. DEF8 protein levels were increased in lymphocytes from MCI but not pAD, compared to controls. In the case of brain samples from 5xFAD mice, we observed a reduced mRNA expression and augmented protein levels in 5xFAD compared to age-matched wild-type mice. DEF8 presented a neuronal localization. Conclusion: DEF8, a protein proposed to act at the final step of the autophagy/endolysosomal pathway, is differentially expressed in PBMCs of MCI and pAD and neurons of 5xFAD mice. These results suggest a potential role for DEF8 in the pathophysiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Leyton
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Matus
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Espinoza
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Matías Benitez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wileidy Gomez
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nohela B. Arévalo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology Laboratory, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - María Isabel Behrens
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago
| | - Carol D. SanMartín
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Autophagy, Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brewer GJ, Herrera RA, Philipp S, Sosna J, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Glabe CG. Age-Related Intraneuronal Aggregation of Amyloid-β in Endosomes, Mitochondria, Autophagosomes, and Lysosomes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:229-246. [PMID: 31771065 PMCID: PMC7029321 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work provides new insight into the age-related basis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the composition of intraneuronal amyloid (iAβ), and the mechanism of an age-related increase in iAβ in adult AD-model mouse neurons. A new end-specific antibody for Aβ45 and another for aggregated forms of Aβ provide new insight into the composition of iAβ and the mechanism of accumulation in old adult neurons from the 3xTg-AD model mouse. iAβ levels containing aggregates of Aβ45 increased 30-50-fold in neurons from young to old age and were further stimulated upon glutamate treatment. iAβ was 8 times more abundant in 3xTg-AD than non-transgenic neurons with imaged particle sizes following the same log-log distribution, suggesting a similar snow-ball mechanism of intracellular biogenesis. Pathologically misfolded and mislocalized Alz50 tau colocalized with iAβ and rapidly increased following a brief metabolic stress with glutamate. AβPP-CTF, Aβ45, and aggregated Aβ colocalized most strongly with mitochondria and endosomes and less with lysosomes and autophagosomes. Differences in iAβ by sex were minor. These results suggest that incomplete carboxyl-terminal trimming of long Aβs by gamma-secretase produced large intracellular deposits which limited completion of autophagy in aged neurons. Understanding the mechanism of age-related changes in iAβ processing may lead to application of countermeasures to prolong dementia-free health span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Brewer
- MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Herrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Sosna
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles G Glabe
- MIND Institute, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Type 2 diabetes-induced overactivation of P300 contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting autophagic flux. Life Sci 2020; 258:118243. [PMID: 32791154 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although autophagy impairment is a well-established cause of muscle atrophy and P300 has recently been identified as an important regulator of autophagy, the effects of P300 on autophagy and muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain unexplored. We aimed at characterizing the role of P300 in diabetic muscle and its underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Protein levels of phosphorylated P300, total P300, acetylated histone H3, LC3, p62 and myosin heavy chain, and mRNA levels of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 were analyzed in palmitic acid (PA)-treated myotubes and db/db mice. Autophagic flux was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection in cells. Muscle weight, blood glucose and grip strength were measured in mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to determine changes in muscle fiber size. To investigate the effects of P300 on autophagy and myofiber remodeling, a P300 specific inhibitor, c646, was utilized. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was utilized to inhibit autophagosomes formation, and chloroquine (CQ) was used to block autophagic flux. KEY FINDINGS Phosphorylation of P300 in response to PA enhanced its activity and subsequently suppressed autophagic flux, leading to atrophy-related morphological and molecular changes in myotubes. Inhibition of P300 reestablished autophagic flux and ameliorated PA-induced myotubes atrophy. However, this effect was largely abolished by co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor CQ. In vivo results demonstrated that inhibition of P300 partially rescued muscle wasting in db/db mice, accompanied with autophagy reactivation. SIGNIFICANCE The findings revealed that T2D-induced overactivation of P300 contributes to muscle atrophy by blocking autophagic flux.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie Y, Ba L, Wang M, Deng SY, Chen SM, Huang LF, Zhang M, Wang W, Ding FF. Chronic sleep fragmentation shares similar pathogenesis with neurodegenerative diseases: Endosome-autophagosome-lysosome pathway dysfunction and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:215-227. [PMID: 31549780 PMCID: PMC6978272 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Insufficient sleep has been found to result in varying degrees of cognitive impairment and emotional changes. Sleep was reported probably responsible for cleaning metabolic wastes in brain by increasing extracellular bulk flow. Herein, we propose that chronic sleep insufficiency in young adult wild‐type mice is also linked with dysfunction of intracellular protein degradation pathways and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation, which are potentially important mechanisms in the initiation of neurodegeneration. Methods We applied the chronic sleep fragmentation (CSF) model to induce chronic sleep insufficiency in wild‐type mice. After 2 months of CSF, cognitive function, amyloid‐β accumulation, dysfunction of endosome‐autophagosome‐lysosome pathway, and microglia activation were evaluated. Results Following CSF, impairment of spatial learning and memory, and aggravated anxiety‐like behavior in mice were identified by behavioral experiments. Increased intracellular amyloid‐β accumulation was observed in cortex and hippocampus. Mechanistically, CSF could significantly enhance the expression of Rab5 (early endosome marker), Rab7 (late endosome marker), as well as LC3B (autophagosome marker), and autophagy‐positive regulatory factors in brain detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot. In addition, activation of microglia was evident by enhanced CD68, CD16/32, and CD206 levels after CSF treatment. Conclusions Chronic sleep fragmentation could initiate pathogenetic processes similar to the early stage of neurodegeneration, including dysfunction of endosome‐autophagosome‐lysosome pathway and microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation. Our findings further strengthen the link between chronic sleep insufficiency and the initiation of neurodegeneration even if lack of genetic predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sai-Yue Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Miao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Fang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Fei Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Wang P. Age-Related Increase of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Is Inversely Correlated with Cognitive Function in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2446-2455. [PMID: 29680859 PMCID: PMC5935016 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an important regulator for Aβ clearance and diabetes. Although it is indispensable in removing plaques related to onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in degrading insulin related to diabetes, there have been few studies on the dynamic level of IDE in different stages of AD. Material/Methods The present study explored the level IDE protein in different stages of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice and their correlations with cognitive decline. The 4-month-old, 10-month-old, and 18-month-old mice were used as the different age stages of mice. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test. We also observed the level of Aβ plaques in brain regions of different stages. Results The data revealed that the expression of IDE was dramatically higher than in age-matched wild mice at the age of 10 months and 18 months. In terms of distribution, Aβ plaques were deposited mostly in the cortex and hippocampus, especially in 10-month-old and 18-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. The cognitive function of 4-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice was not significantly differ in spatial learning. However, the cognitive function, both spatial learning and spatial memory, was dramatically lower in 10-month-old and 18-month-old groups. Conclusions There was a positive correlation between the expression of IDE and spatial memory in 10-month-old and 18-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. The study of this protein may provide reference values for the further study of IDE in Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Peichang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|