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Jain A, Sen S, Upadhyay P, Dwivedi N, Singh LK, Agrawal R, Kumar S. Hospital corneal retrieval program: A long way to go. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:1112-1117. [PMID: 38454872 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2188_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Hospital Corneal Retrieval Program (HCRP) aims to counsel and encourage the family of a critically ill or deceased person in the hospital for eye donation. Adequately sensitized health-care workers (HCWs) may play a pivotal role in boosting HCRP. STUDY DESIGN Multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study. METHODS Study participants included all HCWs of three medical colleges, including one with eye bank and corneal transplant services. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness, knowledge, and attitude about eye donation among HCWs. The expected outcome was to seek differences in awareness, if any, among medical and paramedical workers of medical colleges with (group A) or without (group B) eye bank and corneal transplant facilities. RESULTS Of the 4060 study participants, 2100 HCWs were in group A and the rest (1960) were in group B. For eight out of 13 questions assessing awareness and perception, a statistically insignificant difference in responses was observed between the two groups. Regarding questions related to attitude, although the majority of HCWs in both groups were comfortable talking about eye donation, they did feel that counseling relatives of a terminally ill patient about eye donation was insensitive. Less than half of HCWs showed a willingness to donate eyes, and about half of the participants wanted to acquire more knowledge about eye donation. CONCLUSION Awareness regarding eye donation among HCWs was mostly found to be at dismal levels, irrespective of whether they worked in an institute with or without eye bank and corneal transplant services. This warrants an accelerated effort at sensitizing HCWs as a strengthening measure for HCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Jain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snigdha Sen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Upadhyay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Autonomous State Medical College, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishi Dwivedi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lokesh K Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Renu Agrawal
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Behera G, Vijayan N, Murugesan R, Sangaraju S, Kasturi N, Sahi A, Jayasri P, Babu KR. Impact of an educational video in improving awareness of eye donation among non-medical health care workers in a tertiary health centre. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:289. [PMID: 38937283 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of an educational video in improving awareness of eye donation among non-medical healthcare workers at a tertiary health centre. METHODS A socio-behavioural study on knowledge and attitude towards eye donation was conducted among 373 non-medical healthcare workers through a printed semi-structured questionnaire before and after viewing a bilingual educational video. The responses were evaluated and scored. RESULTS Pre-intervention, only 5.4% of the participants had adequate knowledge, which improved significantly to 71.6% after watching the video (P < .001). Respondents with elementary school education showed the greatest change in knowledge. Pre-intervention, 72.4% were willing to donate their eyes, which significantly increased to 89.5% after watching the video. Pre-intervention, 66.22% showed a "highly favourable" attitude, which improved to 97.86% after watching the video. CONCLUSION The 25 min video about eye donation and eye banking significantly changed the participants' knowledge, willingness, and attitude. Hence, media-based (video) awareness platforms may be valuable for improving the general public's knowledge and attitude towards eye donation. This may help in enhancing the eye donation rate in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Behera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Niranjan Vijayan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, India
| | - Suneel Sangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Nirupama Kasturi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Arun Sahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - P Jayasri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Krishna Ramesh Babu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Parija S, Chakraborty K, Sahu DP. A study on knowledge, attitude, and practice about eye donation among medical students and healthcare professionals at a tertiary hospital in Eastern India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3513-3520. [PMID: 37870016 PMCID: PMC10752322 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2554_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess and analyze the rate of knowledge, attitude, and practice patterns about eye donation among medical and healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on medical students, resident doctors, and nursing and paramedical staff at a tertiary institute in the year 2020. A pretested, structured questionnaire consisting of 28 questions in the three subsections based on knowledge and awareness, attitudes and beliefs, and practice patterns mainly willingness to donate eyes by pledging, was noted. All the responses were individually scored, and the total scores were calculated. Univariate analysis was done to find out the factors that had a positive or negative influence on the knowledge and willingness about eye donation. Results Around 270 participants responded to this survey. The majority of the respondents (206, 76.3%) were below 30 years and 64.4% were males. Awareness about eye donation was 95.6% but a willingness to pledge was observed in 51.5% of participants. The total practice score was lower among nonmedicos compared with medicos (3.33 ± 1.22 vs 3.74 ± 0.64), (P < 0.001). On univariate analysis, the Crude Odds Ratio with a 95% confidence interval was 25.787 (5.18-128.33) in the occupational category (P < 0.001). Conclusion The study reported an adequate knowledge level among doctors and healthcare workers. The practice pattern among the nursing staff and paramedical workers needs to be improved as they can play a pivotal role in strengthening the hospital corneal retrieval program. They can also be the key messengers during public awareness campaigns for eye donations in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Parija
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Koyel Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dinesh Prasad Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Soqia J, Alhomsi R, Ataya J, Al-Mashhour O, Hamzeh F, Hamwy R, Sulayman S, Alhomsi N, Hamzeh A. Clearing the path to vision restoration: an analysis of attitudes and associated factors towards cornea donation in Syria. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:bmjophth-2023-001290. [PMID: 37278433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess attitudes and associated factors towards cornea donation among visitors of a main public hospital in Damascus. Findings of this study can contribute to the development of effective donation campaigns and applying cornea donation in Syria. METHODS This cross-sectional study included individuals who were above 18 years old and were visitors of Al-Mouwasat University Hospital in Damascus, Syria. Data were gathered using a questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews with the participants. A validated questionnaire was used and consisted of three sections: demographic information, awareness assessment and evaluation of participants' attitudes towards corneal donation. Associations between participants' demographics and variables were tested using χ2 test, and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 637 participants were randomly interviewed. 70.8% of the sample were female and 45.7% have heard about cornea donation. 68.3% of the participants accepted donation of their cornea after death, but this decreased to 56.2% when it comes to donation from relatives after their death. The main reasons for refusing and accepting cornea donation were religious beliefs (10.8%) and intention to help others (65.8%), respectively. Women were more likely to accept donation after death than men (71.4% vs 60.8%, p=0.009). Finally, acceptance of cornea donation would increase if participants lived in a more developed country (71.7% vs 68.3%). CONCLUSION Despite the high willingness, corneal donation in Syria is still not enough. Corneal donation requires an ensured donation system that supports and organises the processes, a simplified education about the importance of donation, and clarifying the right instructions of religion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rawan Alhomsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Al Baath University, Homs, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Obaida Al-Mashhour
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Farah Hamzeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Romeo Hamwy
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Siba Sulayman
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Nadimah Alhomsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baath University, Homs, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ammar Hamzeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Joshi RS, Goel P, Adatiya VH, Seth AS, Rasal AV. Eye Donation: Knowledge, Beliefs, Awareness, and Willingness Among Ambulance Drivers in Central India. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:1263-1269. [PMID: 37152639 PMCID: PMC10162385 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s401768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the awareness about and willingness to donate eyes among ambulance drivers in Central India. Design Prospective, observational, noncomparative, and cross-sectional survey study. Setting Tertiary eye care center in Central India. Methods The present study used a structured questionnaire distributed to ambulance drivers during the eye donation fortnight (August 25-September 8, 2022). The questionnaire comprised four domains: awareness, knowledge beliefs, and willingness to donate eyes. The collected data were entered into an Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Results Forty-seven ambulance drivers participated in the study. All participants were men. The results showed that 48.9% (n = 23) of the ambulance drivers had completed elementary or middle school education. Furthermore, 27 (57%) participants were aware of eye donation; however, only 14 (29.7%) realized its importance. The source of information was mobile phones (n = 20, 42.6%). The common reason for the nondonation of eyes was lack of awareness (n = 14 29.7%). Thirty-five (74.5%) ambulance drivers were willing to donate their eyes, and the most common reason was the gratification derived from helping blind people. Conclusion The study revealed the need to improve awareness and knowledge about eye donation among the participants. Arranging short sessions round the year, addressing the myths associated with eye donation, and sharing motivational stories may help create awareness. Display of information and booklets on eye donation in the ambulance is likely to help in obtaining more corneas for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Subhash Joshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440003, India
- Correspondence: Rajesh Subhash Joshi, Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440003, India, Email
| | - Pranshu Goel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440003, India
| | | | - Ayushi Sanjay Seth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440003, India
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Dinesh Eshwar M, Jabeen A, Jalily QA, Begum GS. Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Common Eye Diseases and Eye Donation Among People Seeking Healthcare in a Tertiary Hospital in Telangana, South India. Cureus 2022; 14:e31412. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Christy JS, Ramulu PK, Priya TV, Nair M, Venkatesh R. Analysis of motivating factors for eye donation among families of eye donors in South India - A questionnaire-based study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3284-3288. [PMID: 36018104 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3136_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the factors influencing eye donation among families of successful eye donors in India. Methods The consenting family members of 434 deceased individuals who donated eyes between April 2019 and March 2020 were retrospectively interviewed via a telephonic questionnaire survey. Details regarding the donors and their families, motivating factors for eye donation, and time taken for tissue recovery were collected and analyzed. Results The mean age of donors was 66.8 years, and only 13.9% of them had pledged to donate their eyes before death. For 62.3% of donations, children of donors were the primary consenters for eye donation. In 18.8% of donors, there was a previous history of eye donation in the family. Many donations were motivated by a non-governmental organization volunteer (40.5%) or by a grief counselor at the hospital (27.4%). Hospital-based corneal retrieval programs and donations where the first eye bank contact was made through hospital personnel had the greatest percentage of rapid enucleations (performed within 3 h after death) (48.7% and 49.1%, respectively; P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Children of donors, typically in the working-age group, most often make the decision for donation, and hence, future awareness programs should focus on this specific population. All types of hospitals should advocate for eye donation as they are a common point of contact for a grieving family, and health-care professionals at all levels should be considered for training as motivators for eye donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine S Christy
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - T Vijhaya Priya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Kathirkamam, Pondicherry, India
| | - Megha Nair
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India
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Marmamula S, Priya R, Varada R, Keeffe JE. Awareness on Eye Donation in the North-eastern State of Tripura, India - The Tripura Eye Survey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:460-464. [PMID: 34308774 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1953537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the awareness on eye donation and willingness to pledge eyes for donation among the population aged ≥40 years in the northeastern state of Tripura, India. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,500 participants. The investigators conducted a detailed interview on awareness of eye donation and willingness to pledge eyes for donation. 'Awareness' was defined as having heard about eye donation. Those who reported awareness of eye donation were asked a question on willingness to pledge their eyes. Results: A total of 2,440/2,500 (97.6%) participants responded to the questionnaire. Among these, 1,216 (49.8%) participants were men, and 859 (35.2%) had no education. The mean age of the participants was 54.7 years (standard deviation:12.1 years). Overall, 61.4% (95% CI:59.5-63.4; n = 1,499) reported awareness of eye donation; of those only 3.8% (95% CI:2.9-4.9; n = 57) were willing to pledge their eyes for donation. On multivariable analyses, the odds of awareness were higher among those who had school education (OR:2.12; 95% CI: 1.73-2.56) or higher education (OR:11.79; 95% CI:7.35-18.93). Deformity associated with eye donation (n = 327;76.9%) followed by religious reasons (n = 63; 14.8%) and a belief that those who donate eye are 'born blind in the next birth' (n = 23; 5.4%) were the main reasons for lack of willingness to pledge their eyes for donation. Conclusions: Although the awareness regarding eye donation was satisfactory, there was lack of willingness to pledge eyes for donation. There is a need for focussed information, education, and communication campaigns to encourage eye donation in Tripura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruchi Priya
- Indian Institute of Public Health,Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajashekar Varada
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jill E Keeffe
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Chumkasian W, Fernandez R, Win KT, Petsoglou C, Lord H. Adaptation of the MAUQ and usability evaluation of a mobile phone-based system to promote eye donation. Int J Med Inform 2021; 151:104462. [PMID: 33933903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile Applications (apps) are commonly used in the health care settings to improve the quality of care, however prior to the release of the app it is vital to evaluate its usability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to adapt the mobile Health App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) and measure the usability of the Eye donor Aust App using the modified instrument (m-MAUQ). METHODS The study was undertaken using a convenience sample of 94 patients and their carers attending three eye clinics and one outpatient department in a large hospital in Sydney Australia. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the adaptation of the MAUQ, and validity testing of the modified version. Phase 2 included the usability evaluation of the Eye donor Aust App using the modified MAUQ (m-MAUQ). RESULTS The m-MAUQ comprised of 15 items and the content validity of the instrument was considered satisfactory. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure namely: ease of use and satisfaction (nine items), usefulness in obtaining information (three items), and system information arrangement (three items). The internal consistency for the subscales and the total scale was high with Cronbach's alpha values greater than 0.90. The usability score for the Eye donor Aust App was high (mean 5.99; SD 0.74). The construct validity was supported as there were no differences in usability scores among males and females. Older people found the app less useful for obtaining information about eye donation. CONCLUSIONS The results support the use of the m-MAUQ as a valid instrument to measure the usability of the Eye Donor Aust App. This instrument requires further testing in other groups of people. Usability testing of the Eye Donor Aust app demonstrated that the participants were satisfied with the content and functionality of the app stating that it was well organised, visually appealing and user friendly. This result could translate into more people using the app and thereby increasing their knowledge and attitude towards eye donation as well as registering to become a donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Chumkasian
- School of Nursing - University of Wollongong, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia.
| | - Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing - University of Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Research in Nursing and Health St George Hospital, Australia.
| | - Khin Than Win
- School of Computing and Information Technology - University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Con Petsoglou
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia; Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology, - University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Heidi Lord
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health St George Hospital, Australia.
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Chowdhury RK, Dora J, Das P. Awareness of eye donation among medical and nursing students: A comparative study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1511-1515. [PMID: 34011731 PMCID: PMC8302264 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2053_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cognizant and well aware medical and nursing students are expected to influence and positively mold the eye donation rates in India. Keeping this in view, this study was designed to assess and compare eye donation awareness among medical and nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional and comparative study undertaken on the occasion of eye donation fortnight among 112 medical and 115 nursing students. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire on eye donation was given to each student after getting informed consent. The software used for analysis of data was SPSS version 22.0. Results: All the medical students and 91.3% of nursing students (P < 0.0016) had heard about eye donation. Eye donation fortnight is celebrated every year to create awareness was known to 42% of medical students and 29.5% of nursing students (P < 0.05). Television, newspaper, magazines, and posters were found to be important sources of information in both groups. Eye donation can give vision to the blind was the primary motivational force both among medical and nursing students (P < 0.001). The ideal time of eye donation is within 6 h of death was known to 69% of medical students and 60.9% nursing students. Lack of awareness and objection of family members are the two significant perceived responses to non-donation in both groups. 88.4% of medical students and 79.1% of nursing students are willing to donate their eyes in future. Conclusion: The awareness of eye donation among medical students is better than nursing students. However, the willingness to pledge their eyes is almost equal in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Chowdhury
- Department of Ophthalmology, V.S.S. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Jayashree Dora
- Department of Ophthalmology, V.S.S. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Pooja Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, V.S.S. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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Sridhar U, Tripathy K. Commentary: Awareness about eye donation among medical and nursing students. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1515-1516. [PMID: 34011732 PMCID: PMC8302271 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3782_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sridhar
- Department of Cornea and Cataract, ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Koushik Tripathy
- Department of Retina, Uvea, and Cataract, ASG Eye Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sahu P, Dhanushia G, Sanjana E, Mishra A. Awareness on eye donation among medical and nonmedical students: A cross-sectional comparative study. JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_11_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tsigkos D, Tzelepi A, Kopsini D, Manolakou D, Konistis E, Palioura S. Interactive online survey raises awareness about cornea donation. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000285. [PMID: 32154366 PMCID: PMC7045065 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2019-000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the impact of a 5 min interactive online survey on raising awareness about cornea donation and willingness to become a donor. Methods An interactive online questionnaire was used to collect information regarding awareness, perceptions and attitudes towards cornea donation and to educate the participants about the process and value of cornea donation. Willingness to become a cornea donor was assessed at the beginning and the end of the survey. Results The survey was completed by 1769 Greek residents. Willingness to become a cornea donor increased from 40.5% (n=717) at the beginning of the survey to 55.2% (n=977) by the end of it (p<0.00001). Younger participants, those whose work or studies were unrelated to the medical field, and those with the least knowledge about cornea donation and transplantation were more likely to change their views towards donation by the end of the survey (42.3%, 44.8% and 82.1% increase in willingness to donate, respectively). Major deterrents to donation were lack of information, concerns about the use of the donated corneas and corruption within the medical field. Conclusion Our 5 min online survey had a significant impact on changing the mentality towards cornea donation in Greece. We live in an online era and incorporation of online tools and applications in awareness campaigns towards cornea and organ donation has become a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsigkos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tzelepi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kopsini
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Danae Manolakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Konistis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Dave A, Patel NV, Acharya M, Chaku D, Das A, Mathur U, Biswas S. Awareness regarding eye donation among staff of a tertiary eye care hospital in North India. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 40:649-658. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahajan SV, Doshi D, Srilatha A, Karunakar P. Dental Student Knowledge and Willingness to Donate Corneas. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2019; 17:398-403. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2018.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alanazi LF, Aldossari SH, Gogandy MA, Althubaiti GA, Alanazi BF, Alfawaz AM. Attitude, beliefs and awareness towards corneal donation in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019; 33:121-129. [PMID: 31384153 PMCID: PMC6664309 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal donation has not received adequate attention in Saudi Arabia, and donors are lacking. This study explores the underlying knowledge of, attitude regarding, and practice of corneal donation in Saudi Arabia, which will possibly help in designing healthcare policies and creating a national eye bank. Methods This observational cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire and was administered to the residents of Saudi Arabia from August to December 2017. We surveyed 1292 random subjects who agreed to fill out the self-administered questionnaire. The sample included Saudi and non-Saudi residents across adult age groups from medical and non-medical professions. Results Of the 1292 respondents, only 4.3% believed that they had sufficient knowledge about corneal donation; 66.3% of the sample had not decided whether to donate their corneas after death; 40.2% stated that they would be more willing to donate if they had sufficient knowledge about corneal donation; and 46.1% of the population did not know where to apply to donate their corneas. Those who believed that they had sufficient information about corneal donation were significantly more likely to donate (p < 0.001) than those who believed they did not have enough information. Conclusion Increased awareness about corneal donation is required, as a higher level of awareness was associated with a higher willingness to donate corneas. Establishing healthcare policies and creating community campaigns is necessary to increase corneal donation awareness and willingness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed A Gogandy
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, Eye Consultants Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazai A Althubaiti
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beshayer F Alanazi
- King Abdullah Children Specialist Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alfawaz
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Haddad MF, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Bakkar MM. Public attitudes toward corneal donation in northern Jordan. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1973-1980. [PMID: 30349179 PMCID: PMC6181474 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s181022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to assess the knowledge and attitude toward corneal donation among Jordanian population and to report the reasons which may influence subject’s decision and attitude toward corneal donation. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was developed. The participants were asked about reasons for both willingness and unwillingness to donate their corneas. These reasons were stated in the questionnaire and the participants had to express their agreement by one of five options: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, or strongly agree. Results A total of 500 participants (218 males and 282 females) completed the questionnaire. The average age (±SD) of the study participants was 32.8 (±11.7) years. About 67.2% of the subjects were willing to donate their corneas, whereas 32.8% were not willing to do so. The main motive for willingness was doing a good deed by helping others to see. On the other hand, fear of the body being treated badly and that other organ might be taken than the ones specified for donation were the main reasons for unwillingness to donate corneas. The age of participants, gender, and the monthly income did not significantly influence the willingness to donate (P>0.05). However, the level of education had a significant influence on people’s decision to donate their corneas. Conclusion Many Jordanians have positive attitude toward corneal donations. Ethical factors need to be addressed to promote for corneal donation. In addition, increasing the awareness of donation and its benefits may help increase the supply of corneal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mera F Haddad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - May M Bakkar
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
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Williams AM, Muir KW. Awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation: challenges and opportunities. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1049-1059. [PMID: 29922034 PMCID: PMC5995274 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s142702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a severe shortage of donor corneas available worldwide for transplantation, with the number of patients in need of transplant greatly exceeding the number of cornea tissues available. Understanding awareness and attitudes about corneal donation worldwide is a critical step toward addressing this shortage. In this review, awareness of corneal donation and reported willingness to donate are summarized from 55 published studies across 13 countries. In general, many more respondents indicated positive attitudes toward eye donation and willingness to donate their eyes than the number of respondents who have pledged their eyes for donation, suggesting an unrealized potential of additional donors. Specifically, of 38,851 respondents across all included studies, 52% endorsed a willingness to donate their eyes after death, yet only 5% reported being a pledged donor. The most commonly cited reason for not being a registered eye donor was lack of awareness about eye donation. The disconnection between the large number of people who expressed willingness to donate and the scarcity of individuals who have pledged their eyes for donation could be addressed through educational media campaigns, collaborations with medical personnel, partnerships with grief counselors and religious leaders, use of social media, and educational sessions with medical students and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly W Muir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Durham VA Medical Center, Health Services Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA
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Noopur G, Praveen V, Radhika T, Sanjeev K G, Mani K, Deepak K. Attitudes and Perception Towards Eye Donation in Patients with Corneal Disease: A Case-controlled Population-based Study. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:734-739. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1449221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gupta Noopur
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vashist Praveen
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tandon Radhika
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gupta Sanjeev K
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Deepak
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Lal B, Usgaonkar U, Narvekar H, Venugopal D. Awareness and knowledge on eye donation among Allied Health Sciences, medical, and nursing students in Goa. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018; 30:255-262. [PMID: 30197957 PMCID: PMC6127368 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the awareness and knowledge on eye donation among students of Allied Health Sciences (AHS), medical, and nursing. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a standard predesigned and pretested closed-ended structured questionnaire based on eye donation to obtain information about awareness and knowledge from AHS, medical, and nursing students of Goa. Results Three hundred and forty participants participated in the study. The majority of the participants [97.9% (95% CI: 95.8–99.2)] were aware of the existence of eye donation. Mass media (62.9%) was the foremost source of information. However, only 145 [42.6% (95% CI: 37.3–48.1)] participants were willing to donate their eyes. AHS, medical, and nursing students stood apart significantly in their awareness and knowledge. Only 60 [17.6% (95% CI: 13.7–22.1)] participants were aware that the whole eye can be removed from the donor while 215 [63.2% (95% CI: 57.9–68.4)] were wrongly aware that the cornea can be removed separately. Awareness about eye donation was not associated with willingness to donate eyes. Conclusions Although awareness regarding eye donation was satisfactory, there was lack of willingness to donate eyes. There is a need to bridge the gap between eye bank and donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Lal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India.,Optometry Division, Allied Health Science Course, Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Ugam Usgaonkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India.,Optometry Division, Allied Health Science Course, Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Harshada Narvekar
- Optometry Division, Allied Health Science Course, Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Dinesh Venugopal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India.,Optometry Division, Allied Health Science Course, Department of Ophthalmology, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Singh A, Gupta N, Ganger A, Vashist P, Tandon R. Awareness Regarding Eye Donation in an Urban Slum Population: A Community-Based Survey. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2017; 16:730-735. [PMID: 29251584 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the awareness of eye donation in an urban slum population and willingness to donate eyes after death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, population-based study was undertaken in 20 urban slum clusters of the Indian capital, New Delhi. A total of 2004 individuals aged 18 years and older were recruited. After written, informed consent was obtained, knowledge regarding eye donation was assessed through a predesigned close-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was framed so as to understand the sociodemographic factors influencing the willingness to donate and the awareness of eye donation in this distinct population. RESULTS The mean age of the recruited individuals was 36.53 ± 13.68 years. Age did not have any significant effect on awareness regarding eye donation. We observed that 34.3% of the study population had no knowledge of eye donation and that 7.78% of the study population had excellent knowledge. Education seemed to be an important determining factor regarding knowledge of eye donation. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated better awareness among the Hindu population (81.1%) and those belonging to a higher caste (P < .05). The younger age group (those 18-30 years old) showed significant willingness to donate their eyes versus older age groups (P < .001). In our study population, male participants (P = .006), those classified as literate (P < .001), and those classified as Hindu (P < .001) were more willing to pledge their eyes for donation. CONCLUSIONS Although there is substantial awareness about eye donation, willingness to pledge eyes was very low in the urban slum population. Additional efforts are needed to translate this awareness into actual eye donation in the urban poor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Singh
- From the Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the knowledge and attitude of school-going adolescents regarding corneal donation in government and private schools in an urban area of Northern India. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practice area of Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India. A total of 365 participants of the seventh to 10th grade were enrolled from a government school and a private school. A pretested, semistructured, self-administered, bilingual (English and Hindi) questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic profile and knowledge and attitude related to corneal donation. RESULTS Most (87%) (confidence interval, 83.1%-90.0%) participants had heard about corneal donation. Only 2% of students answered all the knowledge-related questions correctly. None knew about the national toll-free number for corneal donation. Three-fourth (72%) supported the idea of corneal donation. Of them, only 44% (confidence interval, 41.0-47.1) were willing to pledge to donate their own eyes. Fears and myths were the persistent barriers. The government and private schools differed in both knowledge and attitude, with the latter performing better. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge among the selected high school children was poor. Although many supported the idea, only a few were willing to donate. We suggest that program components be evaluated from time to time. Future studies should explore the role of strengthening Information Education and Communication (IEC) activities among high school students for motivating community members to pledge to donate for corneal donation.
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Paraz CMA, Truong HTT, Sai DK, Cajucom-Uy HY, Chan CLL, Kassim SM. Knowledge and attitudes toward corneal donation among Singaporean youth: a cross-sectional study. EYE AND VISION 2016; 3:17. [PMID: 27379254 PMCID: PMC4931698 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-016-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To assess the knowledge of Singaporean youth regarding corneal donation and gauge their willingness to donate their corneas. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 500 students from five tertiary institutions in Singapore. All students answered self-administered questionnaires which included seven questions that tested knowledge and three questions that determined willingness to donate corneas. Results Among 500 Singaporean youth aged 18 to 25, most students (73.2 %) answered 3 or fewer of the 7 questions about corneal donation correctly. With regards to the willingness to donate, 155 (31 %) were willing to donate their corneas, 111 (22.2 %) were not willing to donate their corneas, and 234 (46.8 %) were undecided. Willingness to donate corneas was associated with an older age group (21 to 25 years old), those who are non-Muslims, and have good basic knowledge. Particularly, students with good basic knowledge were 1.71 times more likely to willingly donate their corneas. Conclusion The knowledge of the Singaporean youth regarding corneal donation and transplantation is poor. Since insufficient information was cited as the most common reason for being undecided in regards to corneal donation, specific and tailored programs to increase knowledge and awareness are needed to convince the youth to support corneal donation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40662-016-0049-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Thi Thu Truong
- SingHealth Transplant, Singapore Health Services Pte Ltd, Transplant Administrative and Resource Office, Singapore General Hospital, Block 1, Level 3, 1 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Darren Kyauk Sai
- Singapore Eye Bank, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751 Singapore
| | - Howard Yu Cajucom-Uy
- Singapore Eye Bank, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751 Singapore
| | - Cherry Lay Li Chan
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore, 738964 Singapore
| | - Selina Md Kassim
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore, 738964 Singapore
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Can eye donation rates be increased in hospitals: a pilot study in a tertiary care hospital in North India? Public Health 2016; 136:141-3. [PMID: 26972519 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a huge need to increase the corneal donation rates worldwide. The tertiary care hospitals can play a pivotal role in this as these hospitals manage a large number of terminally sick patients. Traditionally the thrust of such hospitals is providing specialized medical care and something like eye donation does not get the attention it deserves. In this scenario, can such institutes contribute to increase eye donation rates? METHOD An intervention involving all the main stakeholders in promoting eye donation, namely nurses, counsellors & the management of the institute, was put into place. The results of this intervention, i.e. the corneas procured by the institute, was measured over a post intervention period of one year. RESULT The study showed a significant increase in the number of corneas procured by the institute post intervention. DISCUSSION Hospitals can play a huge role in meeting the demand for corneas by scientifically implementing cornea retrieval programs. The study shows that by using technology & providing a dynamic leadership, hospitals can augment corneal donation rates.
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Ronanki VR, Sheeladevi S, Ramachandran BP, Jalbert I. Awareness regarding eye donation among stakeholders in Srikakulam district in South India. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:25. [PMID: 24602240 PMCID: PMC4015916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a huge need for the availability of transplantable donor corneas worldwide to reduce the burden of corneal blindness due to corneal opacity. Voluntary eye donation depends on the awareness levels of various stakeholders in the community. This study aimed to assess the awareness level regarding eye donation among various stakeholders in Srikakulam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods 355 subjects were selected from the district using multi stage random sampling. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding each individual’s awareness, knowledge, and perception regarding eye donation. Each response was scored individually and a total score was calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with willingness towards eye donation and increased awareness levels. Results Of the 355 subjects interviewed, 192 (54%) were male and 163 (46%) were female. The mean age of the stakeholders was 35.9 years (SD ±16.1) and all the study subjects were literate. Ninety-three percent of subjects were aware of the concept of eye donation. Knowledge levels were similar among the teaching community and persons engaged in social service, but lower among students (p < 0.05). Among the stakeholders, there was considerable ambiguity regarding whether persons currently wearing spectacles or suffering from a chronic illnesses could donate their eyes. Older age group (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001) and education (p < 0.001) were associated with increased knowledge levels. 82% of the subjects were willing to donate their eyes and this was unaffected by gender or geographical location (rural vs urban). Conclusions Awareness levels and willingness to donate eyes are high among the stakeholders in Srikakulam district in India. The services of stakeholders could be utilized, in conjunction with other community based eye donation counselors, to promote awareness regarding eye donation among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sethu Sheeladevi
- International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
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