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Surgical Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Head and Neck. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:e858-e861. [PMID: 35996221 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to highlight risk factors and surgeries for necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the head and neck in the literature. NF is rare but can rapidly progress. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was done using PubMed and SCOPUS. Articles that discussed NF of the head and neck and a specific surgical technique were included. A bivariate Pearson correlation was conducted using an α level of 0.05. RESULTS The study included 31 articles encompassing 77 patients who presented with head and neck NF. Diabetes mellitus (23.4%) was the most common comorbidity observed. Surgical techniques, such as debridement (96.10%) and incision/exploration (97.40%), were common. CONCLUSION Immediate surgical intervention should be performed when treating patients presenting with NF of the head and neck.
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Lahham S, Shniter I, Desai M, Andary R, Saadat S, Fox JC, Pierce S. Point of Care Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 51:397-400. [PMID: 34837886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, life-threatening soft tissue infection requiring prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical debridement. Imaging, including a computed tomography (CT) scan, can often aid in the diagnosis, though it can prolong time to treatment and diagnosis. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is often used in the ED to identify soft tissue infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of POCUS to identify NF in patients presenting to the emergency department. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with suspected soft tissue infection who received a computed tomography and/or surgical consult. POCUS images of the suspected site of infection were obtained by the emergency medicine physician and interpreted based on sonographic findings of NF. These findings were compared with CT scan or surgical impression. RESULTS We enrolled 64 patients in this study. Eight were determined to be at high risk of having NF based on CT scan and/or surgical impression. All of these patients also had POCUS images interpreted as concerning for NF. Furthermore, 56 patients were classified as being low risk for having NF based on CT scan and/or surgical impression. All but one of these patients had POCUS images interpreted as not concerning for NF. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that POCUS can be used to identify NF with a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Lahham
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States.
| | - Inna Shniter
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Monica Desai
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Rana Andary
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Soheil Saadat
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - John C Fox
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Scott Pierce
- University of California Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
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3
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Menon B, Krishna M, Galagali A, Mehrotra S. Necrotising Soft Tissue Infection in the Twenty-First Century—a Clinical and Microbiological Spectrum Analysis. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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4
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Flach A, Noatnick M, Müller C, Schultz E, Schmidt A, Schlichting U. Nekrotisierende Fasziitis des Unterschenkels nach Badeunfall. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Ramampisendrahova JB, Razafimahatratra R, Solofomalala GD. [Monomicrobian necrotizing fasciitis of the leg due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a healthy adult: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:344. [PMID: 33224410 PMCID: PMC7664150 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.344.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
La fasciite nécrosante est une infection des tissus mous qui se propage rapidement et se caractérise par une nécrose étendue du fascia profond et superficiel. Il s’agit d’une infection polymicrobienne dans environ 70% des cas. L’infection monomicrobienne est généralement due aux streptocoques β-hémolytiques du groupe A. La fasciite nécrosante monomicrobienne due à l’Acinetobacter baumannii multirésistante est rare et survient généralement chez les patients immunodéprimés, ayant des antécédents médicaux, chez ces sujets l’infection est grave et mortelle à cause de la décompensation des tares sous-jacentes et le choc septique. La survenue de cette entité clinique chez le sujet sain est rare. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un homme âgé de 54 ans en bonne santé atteint d’une fasciite nécrosante monomicrobienne de la jambe gauche due à l’Acinetobacter baumannii multirésistante dont l’évolution était favorable après un débridement chirurgical étendu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rado Razafimahatratra
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, CHU Anosiala, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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6
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Killedar RS, Gupta S, Shindhe P. Ayurveda management of Nicolau syndrome W.S.R to Kotha - a case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 12:165-168. [PMID: 32896437 PMCID: PMC8039336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of intramuscular, intraarterial or subcutaneous injection of particular drugs ends up into a rare entity known as Nicolau syndrome (NS). The viscous nature of these drugs sometimes triggers acute vasospasm and even arterial embolism. There is no consensus on treatment of NS so far. Phasic treatments depend on the extent of the necrotic lesion and ranges from medication to surgical debridement. Here we report a case of 60 year female known case of Knee Osteoarthritis who was dependent on Diclofenac injection IM for relief of pain. She presented with complaints of fever with chills, rigors, discoloration of skin at the gluteal region right side, later turned into necrosis of skin and adipose tissue, pus formation and associated with loss of appetite, dryness of mouth, pedal oedema. The case was diagnosed as NS according to contemporary science and Kotha (Gangrene) as per Ayurveda. The case was treated successfully with Chedana karma (Surgical debridement) followed by Vrana shodhana (making free from undesirable healing factors), Ropana (Closure of wound) and oral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S Killedar
- Dept of Shalya Tantra, KAHER'S Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivay Gupta
- Dept of Shalya Tantra, KAHER'S Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Shindhe
- Dept of Shalya Tantra, KAHER'S Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurveda Mahavidhyalaya, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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7
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Lunar J, Ranketi SS, Owino B, Oloo M, Parker RK. Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Predictable Burden in Rural Kenya. World J Surg 2020; 44:2919-2926. [PMID: 32435826 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a devastating disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. Poor outcomes are attributed to delayed diagnosis and management. Tenwek Hospital, a teaching and referral center in rural Kenya, manages many cases despite variable resources. We aimed to understand the burden of NF. METHODS All patients with admission NF diagnosis who presented in 2017 were reviewed for demographics, investigations, treatment, and outcomes. The primary outcome was unfavorable outcome defined as in-hospital mortality or amputation. Secondary outcomes were discharge diagnosis of NF and cost. Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score was calculated. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the impact of risk factors. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients were identified with an average age of 49.2 (±21) years. Medical comorbidities were present in 48% and history of trauma in 58%. Discharge diagnosis of NF occurred in 61% (N = 41). Overall, mortality occurred in 10% (N = 7) of patients with an initial NF diagnosis. At discharge, patients without NF had favorable outcomes in 96% (N = 25) compared to 78% (N = 32) with NF (p = 0.043). Final NF diagnosis costs 122,098 Kenyan Shillings more (95% confidence interval 36,142-208,054) than non-NF diagnosis (p value = 0.006). Factors associated with unfavorable outcome include diabetes mellitus, any comorbidity, increased heart rate, fever, hyperglycemia, anemia, and discharge NF diagnosis. Increased LRINEC score was associated with discharge NF diagnosis (p = 0.0006) and unfavorable outcome (p = 0.0157). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NF in rural Kenya experience delays to presentation, unfavorable outcomes, and substantial costs. Certain factors, including LRINEC score, help predict diagnosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Lunar
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, P.O. Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya
| | - Sinkeet S Ranketi
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, P.O. Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya
| | - Beverly Owino
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, P.O. Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya
| | - Mark Oloo
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, P.O. Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya
| | - Robert K Parker
- Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, P.O. Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya. .,Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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8
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Reese AM, Haag CK, Jung E, Nauta AC, Swerlick RA, Ortega-Loayza AG. Pyoderma gangrenosum underrepresentation in non-dermatological literature. Diagnosis (Berl) 2020; 8:85-90. [DOI: 10.1515/dx-2019-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic, ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis. PG presents a diagnostic challenge, largely due to the many mimicking diseases, the lack of confirmatory laboratory or biological markers, and the absence of widely accepted diagnostic criteria. In particular, PG is often mistaken for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI).
Methods
We reviewed four major textbooks each in general surgery, plastic surgery, trauma surgery, vascular surgery, emergency medicine, and dermatology. We also performed a search of review articles addressing NSTI and necrotizing fasciitis (NF).
Results
Ten out of the 20 non-dermatology textbooks did not list PG anywhere, and only two listed a differential diagnosis for PG. None of the non-dermatology textbooks indicated PG in the NSTI differential diagnosis, while three of the dermatology textbooks included PG in the NSTI differential diagnosis. PG was listed in all of the dermatology textbooks. Only one of the NSTI and NF articles mentioned PG in the differential diagnosis.
Conclusions
There is an underrepresentation in major textbooks of surgery and emergency medicine and in NSTI and NF review articles when it comes to diagnosing PG. This might be leading to trainees and advanced providers in these fields being uninstructed on PG, and likely contributes to PG misdiagnosis and mismanagement. We recommend PG be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic ulcers and NSTI in non-dermatology textbooks. We also suggest adding identification and diagnosis of inflammatory mimickers of NSTI (e.g. PG) in teaching modules in surgical and emergency specialties to address this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Reese
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Carter K. Haag
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Enjae Jung
- Division of Vascular Surgery , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Allison C. Nauta
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | | | - Alex G. Ortega-Loayza
- Department of Dermatology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
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9
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Murali S, Pillai AV, Ramachandran R. Efficacy of colistimethate sodium as local application in necrotising fasciitis. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e232354. [PMID: 31776156 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive severe soft tissue infection of the deep fascia resulting in the destruction of overlying subcutaneous tissue and skin. We report the case of NF of the lower limb with a poor prognosis due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) sensitive only to colistin. In view of the worsening condition of the wound, risk of deterioration of renal function and economic constraints, it was decided to start on colistin therapy locally by colistimethate sodium (CMS). The patient responded well to the treatment and got clinically better. Subsequent culture sent for post-treatment showed no growth of the organism. The wound healed with regular dressings by 8 weeks. This was found to be a very cost-effective treatment modality. Local use of CMS was found to be a novel method of achieving infection-free wound especially against MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedutt Murali
- General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, India
| | - Anoop V Pillai
- General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, India
| | - Riju Ramachandran
- General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, India
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10
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Mh Busra F, Rajab NF, Tabata Y, Saim AB, B.H. Idrus R, Chowdhury SR. Rapid treatment of full‐thickness skin loss using ovine tendon collagen typeIscaffold with skin cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:874-891. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fauzi Mh Busra
- Tissue Engineering CentreUKM Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Aminuddin B. Saim
- Tissue Engineering CentreUKM Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant ClinicAmpang Puteri Specialist Hospital Ampang Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah B.H. Idrus
- Tissue Engineering CentreUKM Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, UKM Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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11
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Ibelli T, Templeton S, Levi-Polyachenko N. Progress on utilizing hyperthermia for mitigating bacterial infections. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:144-156. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1369173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Ibelli
- Zanvyl Kreiger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicole Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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12
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Hubbard J, Jariwala B, Hill A, Gega A, Palesty JA. A New Bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Causing Necrotizing Fasciitis. Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley Hill
- Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury, Connecticut
| | - Arjet Gega
- Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury, Connecticut
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13
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Jha S, Singh DP. Abdominal Necrotising Fascitis Mimicking Peritonitis in a Gatka Playing Indian Male: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 10:PD32-PD33. [PMID: 28050443 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/23257.8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present case report is of abdominal Necrotising Fascitis in a young Gatka player. The patient was clinically diagnosed to have peritonitis with plan for laparotomy but since ultrasound abdomen showed no free intra-abdominal fluid and any other pathology a Contrast Enhanced Computed tomography (CECT) abdomen was done. CECT showed fluid collections in rectus sheath and superficial fascia. Patient was thus, diagnosed as having abdominal myofascitis and treated accordingly. A review of literature showed that such a clinical presentation of this disease is quite rare and can lead to unnecessary laparotomy and delay in diagnosis leading to morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Jha
- Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital , Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Devinder Pal Singh
- Professor, Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital , Patiala, Punjab, India
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14
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Xavier R, Abraham B, Cherian VJ, Joseph JI. Early diagnosis of post-varicella necrotising fasciitis: A medical and surgical emergency. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016; 13:44-6. [PMID: 27251524 PMCID: PMC4955452 DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.181707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is an extremely rare complication of a rather common paediatric viral exanthem varicella. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Laboratory risk indicator of NF score aids in early clinical diagnosis in suspected cases of post-varicella NF thus enabling timely intervention. Surgery delayed for more than 24 hours, is an independent risk factor for death. Surgical debridement with good antibiotic coverage is the definitive treatment for NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Xavier
- Department of Paediatrics, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Bobby Abraham
- Department of Paediatrics, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Jacob Cherian
- Department of Paediatrics, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Jobin I Joseph
- Department of Paediatrics, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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15
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Malik A, Chakrabarty S, Nair S, Nair D, Chaturvedi P. Necrotizing fasciitis in patients with head and neck cancer. Am J Infect Control 2015; 43:404-5. [PMID: 25721060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe polybacterial infection characterized by necrosis of the fascia and adjacent soft tissues with rapid expansion of the infection along the fascial planes. It is a rare and potentially fatal entity in the head and neck region. We present 2 patients with head and neck cancers who developed necrotizing fasciitis during the postoperative period.
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16
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Gostishchev VK, Lipatov KV, Komarova EA. [Streptococcal infection in surgery]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2015:14-17. [PMID: 26978758 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia20151214-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the advances of modern medicine purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues continue to occupy a leading position in surgical practice. Streptococcal surgical infection does not refer to specific category, but it has a number of significant features and its definition as separate type is necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the results of treatment of 312 patients with streptococcal infection of soft tissues we studied the prevalence of this disease in overall structure of surgical infection of soft tissue, main clinical courses are defined. We performed molecular genetic typing of pathogens that allows to predict the course of pathological process taking into account microorganism's characteristics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On the basis of obtained data basic medical and diagnostic concept of surgical care for these patients depending on clinical course of disease was formulated. It allowed to improve significantly the results of treatment of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Gostishchev
- Chair of General Surgery, Medical Faculty of I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - K V Lipatov
- Chair of General Surgery, Medical Faculty of I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
| | - E A Komarova
- Chair of General Surgery, Medical Faculty of I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
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17
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Sartelli M, Malangoni MA, May AK, Viale P, Kao LS, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Moore EE, Moore FA, Peitzman AB, Coimbra R, Leppaniemi A, Kluger Y, Biffl W, Koike K, Girardis M, Ordonez CA, Tavola M, Cainzos M, Di Saverio S, Fraga GP, Gerych I, Kelly MD, Taviloglu K, Wani I, Marwah S, Bala M, Ghnnam W, Shaikh N, Chiara O, Faro MP, Pereira GA, Gomes CA, Coccolini F, Tranà C, Corbella D, Brambillasca P, Cui Y, Segovia Lohse HA, Khokha V, Kok KY, Hong SK, Yuan KC. World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of skin and soft tissue infections. World J Emerg Surg 2014; 9:57. [PMID: 25422671 PMCID: PMC4242587 DOI: 10.1186/1749-7922-9-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing soft tissue infections. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are potentially life-threatening infections of any layer of the soft tissue compartment associated with widespread necrosis and systemic toxicity. Successful management of NSTIs involves prompt recognition, timely surgical debridement or drainage, resuscitation and appropriate antibiotic therapy. A worldwide international panel of experts developed evidence-based guidelines for management of soft tissue infections. The multifaceted nature of these infections has led to a collaboration among surgeons, intensive care and infectious diseases specialists, who have shared these guidelines, implementing clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, 62019 Italy
| | | | - Addison K May
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lillian S Kao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, USA
| | - Fausto Catena
- Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA
| | - Fred A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Andrew B Peitzman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, USA
| | - Ari Leppaniemi
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yoram Kluger
- Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walter Biffl
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Kaoru Koike
- Department of Primary Care & Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Carlos A Ordonez
- Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lilí, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mario Tavola
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Villa Scazzi Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Miguel Cainzos
- Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo P Fraga
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Igor Gerych
- Department of Surgery 1, Lviv Regional Hospital, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Korhan Taviloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Doctor's Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Imtiaz Wani
- Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Sanjay Marwah
- Department of Surgery, Pt BDS Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Miklosh Bala
- General Surgery and Trauma Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wagih Ghnnam
- Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nissar Shaikh
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Osvaldo Chiara
- Emergency Department, Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Paulo Faro
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil
| | - Gerson Alves Pereira
- Emergency Surgery and trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão, Preto Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Gomes
- Hospital Universitário Therezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Cristian Tranà
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, Macerata, 62019 Italy
| | - Davide Corbella
- Department of Anestesiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Helmut A Segovia Lohse
- II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Kenneth Yy Kok
- Department of Surgery, Ripas Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Suk-Kyung Hong
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuo-Ching Yuan
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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