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Lee J, Bao X. Comparative Review on Cancer Pathology from Aberrant Histone Chaperone Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6403. [PMID: 38928110 PMCID: PMC11203986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone chaperones are integral to chromatin dynamics, facilitating the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Moreover, they prevent aberrant histone interactions prior to chromatin assembly. Disruption in histone chaperone function may result in genomic instability, which is implicated in pathogenesis. This review aims to elucidate the role of histone chaperones in cancer pathologies and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. Histone chaperones have been found to be dysregulated in various cancers, with alterations in expression levels, mutations, or aberrant interactions leading to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In addition, this review intends to highlight the molecular mechanisms of interactions between histone chaperones and oncogenic factors, underscoring their roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation. The dysregulation of histone chaperones is significantly correlated with cancer development, establishing them as active contributors to cancer pathology and viable targets for therapeutic intervention. This review advocates for continued research into histone chaperone-targeted therapies, which hold potential for precision medicine in oncology. Future advancements in understanding chaperone functions and interactions are anticipated to lead to novel cancer treatments, enhancing patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiucong Bao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Otis SU, Banna GL, Maniam A. The association between paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and urothelial carcinoma - A review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104314. [PMID: 38447785 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare neurological disorders arising from malignancy-triggered autoimmunity, yet their association with urothelial carcinoma remains unclear. This systematic review intends to explore any connection, alongside patient/clinical features and management. A literature search identified 25 cases of bladder and upper tract carcinoma linked to PNS. Overall, while infrequent, a meaningful association between PNS and urothelial carcinoma was found in that 84% of cases met a 'possible'-or-'higher-likelihood' PNS diagnosis. Most cases presented with high-risk PNS phenotypes, predominantly cerebellar syndromes and encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy, ∼17 months within cancer diagnosis/recurrence. Review findings suggest a female preponderance in suspected PNS despite higher male incidence of urothelial cancer. Main treatments consisted of surgery alongside chemotherapy or immunotherapeutics (IVIG and/or corticosteroids), which improved symptoms for a slight majority (60%). Ultimately, while common PNS-associated neoplasms should always first be excluded in suspected PNS, in the absence of alternative causes, urothelial carcinomas do merit clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarafina Urenna Otis
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, England PO6 3LY, UK; Faculty of Science and Health, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England PO1 2UP, UK
| | - Akash Maniam
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, England PO6 3LY, UK; Caribbean Cancer Research Institute, Chanka Trace El Socorro South, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Omland LH, Joensen UN, Toft BG, Lund CM, Lindberg H, Knudsen MB, Tolver A, Suetta C, Pappot H. Reasons for lack of treatment in patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:1036-1042. [PMID: 36017555 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that do not receive systemic anticancer treatment and the reasons for lack of treatment are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and overall survival of this patient group and reasons for omission of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective, single-center cohort study from Rigshospitalet, Denmark included patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma during the study period from 1 January 2010 to 31 March 2016 who did not receive systemic anticancer treatment. Patients were identified through the Danish Pathology Register and the electronic medical records. RESULTS 100 patients were included, representing 34% of all patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma at Rigshospitalet during the study period. Lack of treatment was most often due to poor physical condition (59%), decreased renal function (15%), or patient preferences (14%). Median overall survival was 1.9 months (95% CI: 1.6-2.8 months). CONCLUSION One in three patients diagnosed with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the pre-immunotherapy era did not receive systemic anticancer treatment. Prompt identification of advanced disease and interventions to optimize these patients for treatment are essential. Our findings underscore the compelling need for novel, better tolerated treatment regimens in this frail patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise H Omland
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Ulla N Joensen
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte G Toft
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Cecilia M Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Lindberg
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mark B Knudsen
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Tolver
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Helle Pappot
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Jaiswal A, Satardey R, Datta C, Panda C, Pal DK. Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in arsenic-induced urinary bladder carcinoma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158211051888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Study was performed to determine content of arsenic in urinary bladder tumour tissue and association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein expression with urinary bladder carcinoma development. Materials and methods: This study was performed in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. Post-operative tumour tissue was analysed for arsenic content as well as BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression. Statistical analysis was done and association between stage, grade and BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression with arsenic level in tumour tissue was done. Results: Total 50 patients were included in study. Out of which 26 were arsenic positive as well as 24 were arsenic negative. Maximum patients in arsenic positive group were from arsenic endemic zones of West Bengal, India. There was significant correlation between higher stage and grade of tumour and arsenic positivity. BRCA1 correlation was significant with arsenic positive group whereas BRCA2 correlation was not significant with arsenic positive group. Conclusion: Bladder carcinomas are more common in arsenic endemic zones of our country. This association can help in future to develop drugs which act on selected mutation of genes such as BRCA1, especially in arsenic-associated bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankar Jaiswal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, India
| | - Ritesh Satardey
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, India
| | - Chhanda Datta
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, India
| | - Chinmay Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, India
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Long T, Li X, Zhang G, Qiu C, Huan O, Sun C, Yang Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism mutation related genes in bladder cancer for the treatment of patients: a study based on the TCGA database. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1864231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tengyun Long
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Guofei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Chunming Qiu
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ouyang Huan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Afiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Canbiao Sun
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, PR China
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Ustundağ Y, Huysal K, Guzelsoy M, Genim CE, Yavuz A. Urine and serum glycosaminoglycan levels in the diagnosis of urological diseases and conditions: A narrative review of the literature. Urologia 2020; 88:103-109. [PMID: 33043817 DOI: 10.1177/0391560320960003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated, negatively charged polysaccharides produced in almost every cell of the human body. As GAGs are extracellularly localized, the changes in body fluids such as blood and urine may reflect pathological changes in the urinary system as observed in other pathologies. In this review, we determined the potential of urinary and/or serum GAG levels as a marker for kidney and urothelial system diseases. We performed a search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases until September 30, 2019. A number of studies reported changes in the urinary and/or plasma GAG levels or composition in urological diseases and conditions, such as renal cell carcinoma, kidney stone, bladder carcinoma, and overactive bladder. GAGs were found to have a predictive biomarker potential that could be limited by generalizability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ustundağ
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kağan Huysal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Guzelsoy
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Canan Erdem Genim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Sensitivity and specificity of 47 kDa polyclonal antibody for detection of bladder cancer cells in urine of hematuria patients. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Agarwal P, Sen AK, Bhardwaj M, Dinand V, Ahuja A, Sood R. Study of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and Angiogenesis in Urothelial neoplasms: Correlation with tumor grade and stage. Urol Ann 2018; 10:209-214. [PMID: 29719336 PMCID: PMC5907333 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_167_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. About 74,000 new cases were diagnosed in 2015 alone and 16,000 persons died of the disease. Since histopathology is considered gold standard for diagnosis, it is prudent to look for potential tumor proliferation and predictive markers in such a prevalent malignancy so as to alert surgical and medical oncologists for timely intervention and provide better patient-tailored therapy. Aims: This study is to analyze the role of potential biomarkers-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and angiogenesis using CD31 in urothelial neoplasms in relation to tumor grade and stage. Methods: Histopathology slides were prepared from transurethral resection of bladder tumor chips and assessed by three independent observers as per the WHO/International Society of Urologic Pathology criteria 2016. Representative sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry. PCNA labeling index (PCNA LI) and mean vessel density (MVD) were calculated. Statistical Analysis: Tests of analysis were applied as appropriate. A statistical P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forty-nine patients were analyzed. PCNA LI increased with grade and stage. PCNA was significantly higher in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma high grade (NIPUCHG) than in noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma low grade (NIPUCLG) and in infiltrating urothelial carcinoma as compared to NIPUCLG. MVD also increased with tumor grade and stage; however, a significant difference was observed only between infiltrating urothelial carcinoma and papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. A cutoff value of 73% for PCNA and 49 vessels/high-power field for CD 31 showed 100% accuracy to differentiate between noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma high grade and NIPUCLG. No association was observed between tumor recurrence and PCNA or CD31 expression. Conclusion: PCNA and CD31 when used together are valuable markers to help classify urothelial neoplasms in limited tumor material. However, larger prospective studies are required for better prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojan Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Achin Kumar Sen
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Veronique Dinand
- Department of Research, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Sood
- Department of Urology, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Pathological Characteristics of Primary Bladder Carcinoma Treated at a Tertiary Care Hospital and Changing Demographics of Bladder Cancer in Sri Lanka. Adv Urol 2016; 2016:5751647. [PMID: 26884756 PMCID: PMC4738954 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5751647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The aim was to compare demographics and pathological features of bladder carcinoma treated in a urology unit with findings of previous studies done in Sri Lanka. Materials and Methods. Data of newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer in a tertiary referral centre from 2011 to 2014 were analysed. Data on bladder cancers diagnosed from 1993 to 2014 were obtained from previous publications and Sri Lanka Cancer Registry. Results. There were 148 patients and mean age was 65 years. Male to female ratio was 4.1 : 1. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) was found in 89.2% of patients. Muscle invasion was noted in 35% of patients compared to 48.4% two decades ago. In patients with UC, 16.5% were found to have pT1 high grade tumour. It was 5.3% from 1993 to 2000. Pure squamous cell carcinoma was found in 8.1% of patients while primary or de novo carcinoma in situ (not associated with high grade pT1 tumours) was seen in one patient only. Conclusions. The percentage of squamous carcinoma is higher among Sri Lankan patients while primary carcinoma in situ is a rarity. The percentage of muscle invasive disease has decreased while the percentage of pT1 high grade tumours has increased during the last two decades in Sri Lanka.
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Cai H, Chiorean EG, Chiorean MV, Rex DK, Robb BW, Hahn NM, Liu Z, Loehrer PJ, Harrison ML, Xu Y. Elevated phospholipase A2 activities in plasma samples from multiple cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57081. [PMID: 23451150 PMCID: PMC3579817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Only in recent years have phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s) emerged as cancer targets. In this work, we report the first detection of elevated PLA2 activities in plasma from patients with colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and bladder cancers as compared to healthy controls. Independent sets of clinical plasma samples were obtained from two different sites. The first set was from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC; n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 77). The second set was from patients with lung (n = 95), bladder (n = 31), or pancreatic cancers (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 79). PLA2 activities were analyzed by a validated quantitative fluorescent assay method and subtype PLA2 activities were defined in the presence of selective inhibitors. The natural PLA2 activity, as well as each subtype of PLA2 activity was elevated in each cancer group as compared to healthy controls. PLA2 activities were increased in late stage vs. early stage cases in CRC. PLA2 activities were not influenced by sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, or body-mass index (BMI). Samples from the two independent sites confirmed the results. Plasma PLA2 activities had approximately 70% specificity and sensitivity to detect cancer. The marker and targeting values of PLA2 activity have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Thoracic Oncosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Elena G. Chiorean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Chiorean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Douglas K. Rex
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bruce W. Robb
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Noah M. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Hoosier Oncology Group, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Loehrer
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marietta L. Harrison
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Oncological Sciences Center, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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