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Brito MCP, Sousa MDF, Sampaio RAG, Linhares MT, Riquelme LF, Lacerda WK, Lucena RB. Canine Leishmaniosis Associated with Acute Pleural Effusion and Sudden Death in a Dog. Vet Sci 2024; 11:254. [PMID: 38922000 PMCID: PMC11209352 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-year-old female crossbreed dog, previously a stray with no known owner, was adopted and subsequently spayed. The dog exhibited weight loss over a period of two months and died suddenly during a leashed walk. Upon necropsy, enlargement of the submandibular, prescapular, and popliteal lymph nodes was noted. The intrathoracic cavity contained a substantial volume of yellowish-white fluid. Lymph nodes in the mediastinal and ventral thoracic centers were also enlarged, hemorrhagic, and friable. Microscopic examination revealed significant architectural changes in the lymph nodes, characterized by a pronounced cellular infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes, along with macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymph nodes confirmed positive staining for Leishmania amastigotes. This case represents the first report of canine leishmaniasis associated with acute pleural effusion and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caroline Pereira Brito
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (M.C.P.B.); (M.d.F.S.); (L.F.R.); (W.K.L.)
- Clinic 4Patas, João Pessoa 58030-330, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (M.C.P.B.); (M.d.F.S.); (L.F.R.); (W.K.L.)
- Casa dos Criadores, João Pessoa 58040-330, PB, Brazil
| | - Rubia Avlade Guedes Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil;
| | - Markyson Tavares Linhares
- Undergraduate Course in Veterinary Medicine, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil;
| | - Lourdes Fernandez Riquelme
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (M.C.P.B.); (M.d.F.S.); (L.F.R.); (W.K.L.)
| | - Wellida Karinne Lacerda
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (M.C.P.B.); (M.d.F.S.); (L.F.R.); (W.K.L.)
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (M.C.P.B.); (M.d.F.S.); (L.F.R.); (W.K.L.)
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil
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Qiam H, Lowe E, Fung AH, Sankaran P. Recurrent leishmaniasis infection isolated in the pleural fluid. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e256632. [PMID: 38479831 PMCID: PMC10941148 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a rare case of recurrent leishmaniasis infection in a female in her 80s who re-presented with a pleural effusion. The patient was initially investigated as an outpatient for cytopenia and underwent a bone marrow biopsy which subsequently diagnosed visceral leishmaniasis. Following full treatment, and apparent recovery, she re-presented with pleural effusion, hypoalbuminaemia and cytopenia. Leishmania was eventually isolated in a pleural fluid sample obtained on therapeutic drainage, and she was treated for a recurrence at a tertiary infectious disease unit. This interesting and challenging case demonstrates the importance of suspecting leishmaniasis recurrence in previously treated cases and the diagnostic benefit of pleural fluid analysis in the context of suspected leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qiam
- Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Emily Lowe
- Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Adriel Heilong Fung
- Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
| | - Prasanna Sankaran
- Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R. Opportunistic etiological agents causing lung infections: emerging need to transform lung-targeted delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12620. [PMID: 36619445 PMCID: PMC9816992 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases continue to draw considerable attention from biomedical and public health care agencies. The lung with the largest epithelial surface area is continuously exposed to the external environment during exchanging gas. Therefore, the chances of respiratory disorders and lung infections are overgrowing. This review has covered promising and opportunistic etiologic agents responsible for lung infections. These pathogens infect the lungs either directly or indirectly. However, it is difficult to intervene in lung diseases using available oral or parenteral antimicrobial formulations. Many pieces of research have been done in the last two decades to improve inhalable antimicrobial formulations. However, very few have been approved for human use. This review article discusses the approved inhalable antimicrobial agents (AMAs) and identifies why pulmonary delivery is explored. Additionally, the basic anatomy of the respiratory system linked with barriers to AMA delivery has been discussed here. This review opens several new scopes for researchers to work on pulmonary medicines for specific diseases and bring more respiratory medication to market.
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Kavarnos I, Pardali D, Brellou GD, Papadopoulos E, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Adamama-Moraitou KK. Bronchoscopy and Lung Fine-Needle Aspiration for Antemortem Evaluation of Pulmonary Involvement in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Canine Leishmaniosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030365. [PMID: 35335689 PMCID: PMC8954180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations from the lower respiratory tract are rare in canine leishmaniosis (CanL), making bronchoscopy and lung fine-needle aspiration (FNA) seldomly justified. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the involvement of Leishmania infantum in the lungs of dogs with naturally occurring CanL by bronchoscopy and examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bronchial mucosa biopsies, and FNA, using immunodiagnostics. Dogs with relevant concurrent diseases and azotemia were excluded. Cough was detected in 5/31 (16.1%) dogs. Lesions (hyperemia, edema, mucosal granularity, secretions) were identified upon bronchoscopy in 19/31 (61.3%) dogs. The cytology of BALF revealed histiocytic inflammation in 14/31 (45.2%) dogs; the parasite was identified in one dog (3.2%). The immunofluorescence antibody test in BALF was positive in 15/31 (48.4%) dogs. Histopathology of bronchial mucosa and/or adjacent alveoli revealed lesions (mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrosis, edema, thickening of the inter-alveolar septa) in 24/31 (77.4%) dogs, with no Leishmania amastigotes. Positive antigen staining was observed within the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Μononuclear cells showed antigenic positivity in bronchial mucosa (27/31; 87.1%), BALF (30/31; 96.8%), and lung FNA (27/31; 87.1%). In conclusion, lungs seem to be affected from CanL more commonly than previously believed, and bronchoscopy allows obtaining valuable samples for antemortem diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kavarnos
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Τhessaloniki, Greece; (I.K.); (K.K.A.-M.)
| | - Dimitra Pardali
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Georgia D. Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6944882872
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou
- Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Τhessaloniki, Greece; (I.K.); (K.K.A.-M.)
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Karaosmanoglu AD, Uysal A, Onder O, Hahn PF, Akata D, Ozmen MN, Karcaaltıncaba M. Cross-sectional imaging findings of splenic infections: is differential diagnosis possible? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4828-4852. [PMID: 34047800 PMCID: PMC8160561 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The spleen plays an important role in the immunological homeostasis of the body. Several neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases may affect this organ, and imaging is of fundamental importance for diagnosis. Infectious diseases of the spleen can be encountered in daily radiology practice, and differential diagnosis may sometimes be challenging. Infectious involvement of the spleen can be primary or secondary to a different source outside the spleen. Despite the fact that different infectious diseases may cause similar imaging findings, we believe that differential diagnosis between different causes may also be possible in certain patients with imaging. Early diagnosis may potentially enhance patients’ treatment and outcome. In this review, we aimed to increase imaging specialists’ awareness of splenic infections by describing the multimodality imaging features of common and atypical infections of the spleen with their differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aycan Uysal
- Department of Radiology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Omer Onder
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter F Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Deniz Akata
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nasuh Ozmen
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Kumari S, Dhawan P, Panda PK, Bairwa M, Pai VS. Rising visceral leishmaniasis in Holy Himalayas (Uttarakhand, India) - A cross-sectional hospital-based study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1362-1369. [PMID: 32509616 PMCID: PMC7266208 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1174_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Apart from the rarity of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in high altitude (>2000 ft), the combination triad of VL, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) syndrome, and Himalayas is rarely being reported. Here, we studied the triad in the Himalayan region, attending a single tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analysis of case records of seven confirmed VL patients. A systematic master chart review analyzed the demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome details of these patients. Results: These cases were diagnosed as VL by clinical findings and confirmed by rk-39 anti-body and demonstration of LD bodies in bone marrow smears. All cases without any travel history to endemic regions presented with prolonged fever (>1 months duration), anorexia, weight loss, and having hepatosplenomegaly and bi-or pan-cytopenia. All cases were having HLH, confirmed based on the HScore system (online calculation), and liver injury having transaminitis. Kidney involvement was seen in 27% cases. All cases improved with liposomal amphotericin-B, but one had cardiac arrest after blood transfusion reaction. Conclusion: Clinician of the non-endemic zone should suspect VL in patients with fever of unknown origin and have a high suspicion in cases of HLH and liver involvement and vice versa. Kidney involvement is seen in one-third of the VL cases. Liposomal amphotericin-B is recommended in this region. The leishmaniasis prevalent in these areas should further be subject to comparison with endemic parts, and a large-scale study is needed to find the reason of the rising vector from the holy Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Kumari
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Dhawan
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Bairwa
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Venkatesh S Pai
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Bispo AJB, Almeida MLD, de Almeida RP, Bispo Neto J, de Oliveira Brito AV, França CM. Pulmonary involvement in human visceral leishmaniasis: Clinical and tomographic evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228176. [PMID: 31999729 PMCID: PMC6992183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe, systemic and potentially lethal parasitosis. The lung, like any other organ, can be affected in VL, and interstitial pneumonitis has been described in past decades. This research aimed to bring more recent knowledge about respiratory impairment in VL, characterizing pulmonary involvement through clinical, radiographic and tomographic evaluation. This is an observational, cross-sectional study that underwent clinical evaluation, radiography and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest in patients admitted with the diagnosis of VL in a university service in Northeast Brazil, from January 2015 to July 2018. The sample consisted of 42 patients. Computed tomography was considered abnormal in 59% of patients. Images compatible with pulmonary interstitial involvement were predominant (50%). The most observed respiratory symptom was cough (33.3%), followed by tachypnea (14.1%). Chest radiography was altered in only four patients. VL is a disease characterized by systemic involvement and broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The respiratory symptoms and tomographic alterations found show that the involvement of respiratory system in VL deserves attention because it is more common than previously thought. Chest X-ray may not reveal this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jovina Barreto Bispo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Luiza Dória Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Medical College of the Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Medicine, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Medical College of the Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Medicine, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José Bispo Neto
- Radiology Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Mendonça França
- Medical College of the Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Medicine, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Tang W, Shen Z, Guo J, Sun S. Screening of long non-coding RNA and TUG1 inhibits proliferation with TGF-β induction in patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2951-2964. [PMID: 27932875 PMCID: PMC5135066 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the potential role of lncRNA TUG1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Total RNA was extracted from both COPD and non-COPD lung tissues, and microarray analysis was performed with 25,628 lncRNA probes and 20,106 mRNA probes. In addition, five up-regulated and five down-regulated lncRNAs were selected for identification using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. COPD cell model was established by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) treatment. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect BEAS-2B and HFL1 cell proliferation after TUG-siRNA transfection with TGF-β treatment. In addition, the expression levels of α-SMA and fibronectin proteins were determined using Western blot in BEAS-2B and HFL1 cells after TUG-siRNA transfection with TGF-β treatment. Results There were 8,376 (32.7%) differentially expressed lncRNAs and 5,094 (25.3%) differentially expressed mRNAs in COPD lung tissues compared with non-COPD lung tissues. Five of the analyzed lncRNAs (BC038205, BC130595, TUG1, MEG3, and LOC646329) were markedly increased, while five lncRNAs (LOC729178, PLAC2, LOC339529, LINC00229, and SNHG5) were significantly decreased in COPD lung tissues compared with non-COPD lung tissues (n=20) (***P<0.001). Knockdown of lncRNA TUG1 promotes BEAS-2B and HFL1 cell proliferation after TGF-β treatment through inhibiting the expression levels of α-SMA and fibronectin. Conclusion Abundant, differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified by microarray analysis and these might play a partial or key role in the diagnosis of patients with COPD. LncRNA TUG1 may become a very important class of biomarker and may act as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Mao G, Yang G, Cheng Y, Zee CS, Huang W, Ni W, Meng G, Chen Z. Multiple nodular lesions in spleen associated with visceral leishmaniasis: a case report of MRI-findings. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e272. [PMID: 25546669 PMCID: PMC4602606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is one of the most commonly involved organs of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, there were few reports about imaging findings of splenic leishmaniasis, especially regarding MRI findings. This case report describes a 45 years old male patient from Zhejiang province of southeastern China, who was admitted for persistent fever of unknown origin, with splenomegaly and multiple hypodense/low echo nodules on CT/ultrasonography (USG) studies. MRI showed multiple nodules with concentric rings in the spleen on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), with no obvious diffusion restriction on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and gradual ring-like enhancement after intravenous administration of contrast medium. So MRI suggested necrotic granulomatous lesion. By reviewing the clinical history and following positive serological leishmania antibody test, the patient was finally confirmed a recent infection with VL. The patient received antimony gluconate therapy intravenously. At 4 months follow-up, the contrast-enhanced abdominal MRI showed that the size of the spleen was returned to normal and the splenic lesions were completely resolved except for reduced infarction compared with the previous MRI. This is the first case which was performed MRI examination completely. Meanwhile, it is the second case which MRI findings were reported. As for the characteristics of MRI in this case, there are several features, which are helpful for giving the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqun Mao
- From the Department of Radiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China (GM, GY, YC, WH, WN); Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA (CSZ); Department of Clinical Laboratory (GM); and Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China (ZC)
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