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Zhang T, Gao X, Huang C, Su S, Lin X, Yin L, Bi Q, Fan Y, Lin J, Wei J, Liu Y, Chai L, Xu M, Chen X, Zhong W, Yang X, Zhang Q, Gao J, Wang Z, Liu Z. Digital measurement of deciduous tooth dimensions in China: A cross-sectional survey. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 163:105941. [PMID: 38599038 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crown dimensions data of deciduous teeth hold anthropological, forensic, and archaeological value. However, such information remains scarce for the Chinese population. This multi-center study aimed to collect a large sample of deciduous crown data from Chinese children using three-dimensional measurement methods and to analyze their dimensions. DESIGN A total of 1592 children's deciduous dentition samples were included, and the sample size was distributed according to Northeast, North, East, Northwest, Southwest and South China. Digital dental models were reconstructed from plaster dental models. Independent sample t test, paired t test, principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA) were used to analyze the tooth crown dimensions. RESULT 18,318 deciduous teeth from 1592 children were included. Males exhibited slightly larger values than females. The range of sexual dimorphism percentages for each measurement was as follows: mesiodistal diameter (0.40-2.08), buccolingual diameter (0.13-2.24), and maxillogingival diameter (0.48-3.37). The FA results showed that the main trend of crown dimensions changes was the simultaneous increase or decrease in mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter and maxillogingival diameter in three directions. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale survey of deciduous tooth crown dimensions in China, which supplements the data of deciduous tooth measurement and provides a reference for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenping Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Specialist Out-patient Department, Stomatology Branch of Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingwei Bi
- Department of Dental Implantology, Heilongjiang Stomatological Disease Center, Haerbin, China
| | - YongJie Fan
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Chai
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingyan Xu
- Department of Dental Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Kunming Yan'an Hospital, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Dongbo Dental Handpiece Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Diéguez-Pérez M, Ticona-Flores JM. Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pulp Chamber and Coronal Tooth of Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159279. [PMID: 35954635 PMCID: PMC9368266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical variability of primary molars promotes research to improve clinical restorative activity, forensic identification, and industrial development. The objective was to study the morphology of the pulp chamber and its three-dimensional relationship with the external morphology of the tooth. A total of 151 deciduous molars were collected and subjected to three-dimensional imaging analysis in order to determine dental crown (CV) and pulp chamber (PV) volumes, their ratio (VR), pulp chamber roof (PCR) and pulp chamber floor (PCF) area, the furcation length (FD), and morphological peculiarities. The data were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test in SPSS 26 software. The statistical analysis determined statistically significant differences between the four groups of molars for all variables. Great anatomical variability was observed, especially in the maxillary first molar, the volumes were higher in the maxillary second molar and the highest risk of furcal perforation was seen in the mandibular first molar. Additionally, mandibular second molars with six pulp horns, and some different density images compatible with accessory canals and pulp stones were found. Based on the findings of this investigation, we confirm the great anatomical variability that exists between the maxillary and mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Diéguez-Pérez
- Preclinical Dentistry Department, Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesús Miguel Ticona-Flores
- Faculty of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
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P S, Bhavyaa R, M S M, Nirmal L, Patil SS. Crown dimensions of primary teeth-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1348-1356. [PMID: 35246979 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Odontometrics, also known as metric traits, includes mesiodistal, buccolingual dimensions, and crown height. The purpose of this study was to assess pancontinental odontometric variations in the crown dimensions of primary teeth. Ten electronic databases were searched to identify studies that measured crown dimensions of primary teeth, published in English language, without year restriction up to July 2020. Studies included cross-sectional research measuring on casts, subjects, and on radiographs of healthy children. Meta-analysis was performed, and risk of bias was assessed using modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eighty-seven observational studies were included, with 24,634 participants (9487 males, 11,083 females; 19 studies lacked gender information). Only one study showed a low bias risk, whereas 81 and 5 studies had moderate and high risk, respectively. Sixty-five studies included for meta-analysis revealed heterogeneity in mean mesiodistal dimensions of maxillary first molars from Asia (I2 -99.7%), buccolingual measurements of mandibular first molars from Europe (I2 -99.9%), crown height of mandibular second molars from Africa and Europe (I2 -79.8%). Among mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, Australians have larger while Asians have smaller teeth. Pertaining to crown height, very few studies could be found in the literature. This review highlights the variations in crown dimensions of primary teeth among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha P
- SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu District, India
| | - R Bhavyaa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Muthu M S
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Latha Nirmal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Lu XX, Yang K, Zhang BZ, Wang JH, Du Y, Chen YJ, Wang XJ. Measurement of the morphological data of primary teeth in northwest China. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1010423. [PMID: 36533246 PMCID: PMC9755189 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to digitally obtain the morphological data of children's primary teeth in northwest China and evaluate the reliability of digitally obtaining the anatomical morphological data of primary teeth. METHODS A total of 308 extracted primary teeth and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 407 primary teeth were collected in northwest China. Electronic digital Vernier callipers (accuracy: 0.01 mm) were used to measure the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters and crown length of the extracted primary teeth and calculate the crown area and crown index. Each sample was scanned with an intraoral scanner (Trios2 3shape, Denmark), and the resulting stl format files were imported into Geomagic Wrap 2015 to measure the axial and buccolingual diameters and crown length. The crown area and crown index were then calculated. After verifying the accuracy of the CBCT image measurement, the CBCT image data of 407 samples were measured in SmartV software using the "measure length" function by referring to the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes to adjust the position of the reference line. RESULTS Northern Chinese have larger primary teeth than other populations (Japanese, white American, African, Icelander, Spanish, and Dominican Mestizo) but smaller primary teeth than native Australians. Compared to Indian primary teeth, northwest Chinese's primary teeth have larger diameters on the central axis and smaller diameters on the buccolingual surface. Male teeth are usually larger than female teeth. Compared with the results of Wang Huiyun's study, the axial and buccolingual diameters and crown length of all native tooth types in this total sample were significantly smaller at the 0.1% level, and only the axial diameters of the upper first molar and lower second molar and the crown length of the lower lateral incisor were significantly smaller at the 1% level. The results of the intraclass correlation coefficient of 308 extracted primary teeth expressed an excellent degree of agreement between the callipers and intraoral scanner for the following: mesiodistal diameter (0.956-0.991), buccolingual diameter (0.963-0.989), crown length [0.864-0.992, except for the upper canine (0.690)], crown index (0.850-0.975), and crown area (0.946-0.993). CONCLUSION The digital measurements of the intraoral scanner and CBCT image are in good agreement with the manual measurement of the Vernier calliper. The difference between the anatomical morphology size of the primary teeth measured in this study and the results of different populations could be due to different genetic backgrounds and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bai-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Sun KT, Huang YH, Hsu JT, Huang HL, Tsai MC, Chen JW. Incisor liability and its effects among East Asian children. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:796-801. [PMID: 34535377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Incisor liability is the discrepancy in the sum of the mesiodistal crown width between the primary and permanent incisors. Incisor liability affects the integrity and eruption of the permanent incisors during the transition from the primary to permanent dentition. This study investigated the incisor liability in the primary dentition of Taiwanese children. METHODS The digital periapical films of 203 upper arches of 105 boys and 98 girls and 195 lower arches of 119 boys and 76 girls aged between 3 and 6 years were selected in this retrospective study. The mesiodistal crown widths of the primary and permanent incisors were measured using the medical imaging software for both arches. Differences in incisor liability values were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of the incisor liability values were 8.32 ± 1.88 and 6.91 ± 1.13 mm for the upper and lower arches, respectively, in all children. The incisor liability was closely related with the total crown widths of the permanent incisors for upper and lower arches. The incisor liability values were higher among boys than girls for the upper but not lower arch. CONCLUSION Incisor liability differs depending on ethnicity. In Taiwanese children, incisor liability was closely related with the crown widths of the permanent incisors. The incisor liability values of boys were higher than those of girls in the upper arch but not the lower arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chia Tsai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wei Chen
- School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Predicting the Mesiodistal Crown Dimensions of the Permanent First Molars from the Deciduous Second Molars. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:9315553. [PMID: 34220368 PMCID: PMC8221863 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9315553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to formulate regression equations that predict the mesiodistal crown widths of the permanent first molars utilizing the mesiodistal crown widths of the deciduous second molars. Methods Fifty pairs of study models belonging to 50 Iraqi children aged eight to nine years with sound mixed dentition were used to measure the mesiodistal crown widths of the permanent first molars and deciduous second molars using a pointed digital sliding caliper with 0.01 mm sensitivity. Side and gender differences were assessed, and the correlations between these teeth were obtained to develop the regression equations. Results The results revealed no significant side differences, so the samples were merged and analyzed for gender differences, which were found to be significant in all examined teeth except the mandibular permanent first molar. Direct, moderate, and highly significant correlations between the mesiodistal crown widths of the permanent first molars and deciduous second molars were found, which led to the development of regression equations. After applying these equations, the resultant predicted widths were compared to the actual widths, and the results revealed nonsignificant method differences. Conclusions A new method was developed to predict the widths of permanent first molars from the adjacent primary second molars with high precision.
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Shahrabi M, Heidari A, Kamareh S. Comparison of Primary Mandibular First Molar Crown Dimensions with Stainless Steel Crowns in a Sample of Iranian Children. Front Dent 2020; 16:290-295. [PMID: 32342058 PMCID: PMC7181355 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i4.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Attempts to retain primary teeth have led to introduction of materials and techniques for their preservation such as stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Due to variations in tooth anatomy among different populations, this study compared the buccolingual (BL) to mesiodistal (MD) ratio of primary mandibular first molars with that of SSCs in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 96 primary mandibular first molars with intact cementoenamel junction, which had been extracted for severe caries. The MD and BL dimensions of the teeth and available maxillary and mandibular SSCs (3M) were measured. Two independent examiners measured the dimensions twice at two different time points using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and McNemar's test via SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Significant differences were observed in both BL and MD dimensions between teeth and both maxillary and mandibular SSCs (P<0.001). According to McNemar's test, the dimensions of 65.6% of teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs while the dimensions of 38.5% matched those of maxillary crowns. Dimensions of 3.1% of the teeth did not match any of the crowns and in 7.4%, both maxillary and mandibular SSCs were appropriate. Conclusion: Comparing the variances of BL/MD ratio of teeth with SSCs revealed that the dimensions of two-thirds of the teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs, while the maxillary SSCs were appropriate for the remaining one-third. Significant differences were seen between the size of teeth and both maxillary and mandibular crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahrabi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Kamareh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ingaleshwar P, Vaswani V, Bhosale SS, Deepak V, Redder P, Smitha T. Evaluation of canine sexual dimorphism in deciduous and permanent dentition. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 22:450. [PMID: 30651708 PMCID: PMC6306601 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_120_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Teeth are an excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations. Among the various calcified structures in the human body, teeth have gained lot of popularity in estimating the sex of an individual as they are highly resistant to destruction and decomposition. The present study aims to assess the importance of canines in sexual dimorphism in both primary and permanent dentition as well as to describe the dimensional characteristics of canines among the population of Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty participants belonging to Bagalkot district of Karnataka population, 100 adults (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 17–30 years and 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls) in the age group of 3–6 years were included in the study. Impressions were made using alginate and study models were prepared using dental stone. Clinical crown height (CCH), maximum mesiodistal diameter (MMD) and maximum buccolingual width (MBL) of maxillary and mandibular canines of both dentitions were measured using digital vernier caliper. Results: In deciduous dentition, significant differences were noted between maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines in male and female children using three dimensions, except mandibular canine, i.e., CCH did not show a significant difference. In permanent dentition, CCH and MMD showed significant differences except mandibular canines not showing significant differences in MBL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thus, canines can act as a valuable tool in gender determination as there is significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular deciduous and permanent dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Ingaleshwar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Vina Vaswani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Subrao Bhosale
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Deepak
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College, PGIMSR and Model Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Redder
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, VS Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Aminabadi NA, Sighari Deljavan A, Samiei M, Jamali Z. Are referred inaccessible human primary molar teeth really inaccessible? J Oral Sci 2013; 55:167-73. [PMID: 23748457 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.55.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite a body of compelling evidence pertaining to the root canal accessibility of primary teeth, the number of referrals for inaccessibility of primary molars is considerable. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of true and false primary molar inaccessibility among subjects who had been referred by general and pediatric dentists. We examined 199 primary molars in 156 patients (87 males, 69 females) aged 3-7 years who were referred by 215 general and 35 pediatric dentists. Problems related to inaccessibility were recorded for each tooth and any individual canal. One hundred seventy-five inaccessible teeth (87.9%) were successfully rehabilitated to accessible status (P < 0.001). The most frequent cause of inaccessibility was an inappropriate access cavity (42.3%), followed by difficult canals (32.6%) and orifice calcification (25.2%). The tooth most frequently reported as inaccessible was the maxillary first molar (40.2%), and that least frequently reported was the mandibular second molar (11.6%). The distobuccal canal of the maxillary first molar and the mesiolingual canal of the mandibular first molar were the most commonly inaccessible canals (P < 0.001). Only 1 out of 8 teeth referred as inaccessible was truly inaccessible. It seems that root canal inaccessibility is mostly attributable to lack of expertise among individual practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Asl Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Bhayya DP, Shyagali TR, Dixit UB, Shivaprakash. Study of occlusal characteristics of primary dentition and the prevalence of maloclusion in 4 to 6 years old children in India. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 9:619-23. [PMID: 23559929 PMCID: PMC3612201 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and to determine the different occlusal characteristics in primary dentition of 4 to 6 years old children in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The target population comprised 4 to 6 years old children attending different nursery, kindergarten and primary schools of Bagalkot city. Stratified cluster random sampling procedure was executed to collect the representative sample. Each subject was assessed for various occlusal characteristics. RESULTS Occlusal characteristic found were flush terminal plane (52.5%), class I canine relationship (84%), maxillary developmental spaces (35.4%), primate spaces in maxilla (47.6%), mandibular crowding (4.6%), mandibular midline shift (5.6%), anterior multiple tooth crossbite (1.3%), scissors bite (0.6%), anterior open bite (1%), over bite of 0-2 mm (81.6%) and overjet of 0-2 mm (84.5%). The age wise difference for the occlusal characteristics was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The data revealed that most of the children had malocclusion. This highlights the importance of identifying children who are in need of orthodontic treatment for dental health or aesthetic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak P Bhayya
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Loyara, Udaipur, India
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