1
|
Bowo-Ngandji A, Kenmoe S, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kenfack-Momo R, Takuissu GR, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tchatchouang S, Kenfack-Zanguim J, Lontuo Fogang R, Zeuko'o Menkem E, Ndzie Ondigui JL, Kame-Ngasse GI, Magoudjou-Pekam JN, Wandji Nguedjo M, Assam Assam JP, Enyegue Mandob D, Ngondi JL. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289155. [PMID: 37498832 PMCID: PMC10374159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies have found MS to be prevalent in various African regions. However, no specific estimates of MS prevalence in African populations exist. The aim of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of MS in the African populations. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, and African Journal Online Scopus to find studies published up to the 15th of August 2022. Pooled prevalence was calculated based on six diagnostic methods. The pooled prevalence of MS was estimated using a random-effects model. Our risk of bias analysis was based on the Hoy et al. tool. A Heterogeneity (I2) assessment was performed, as well as an Egger test for publication bias. PROSPERO number CRD42021275176 was assigned to this study. RESULTS In total, 297 studies corresponding to 345 prevalence data from 29 African countries and involving 156 464 participants were included. The overall prevalence of MS in Africa was 32.4% (95% CI: 30.2-34.7) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%; P<0.001). We obtained prevalence rates of 44.8% (95% CI: 24.8-65.7), 39.7% (95% CI: 31.7-48.1), 33.1% (95% CI: 28.5-37.8), 31.6% (95% CI: 27.8-35.6) and 29.3% (95% CI: 25.7-33) using the WHO, revised NCEP-ATP III, JIS, NCEP/ATP III and IDF definition criteria, respectively. The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in adults >18 years with 33.1% (95%CI: 30.8-35.5) compared to children <18 years with 13.3% (95%CI: 7.3-20.6) (P<0.001). MS prevalence was significantly higher in females with 36.9% (95%CI: 33.2-40.7) compared to males with 26.7% (95%CI: 23.1-30.5) (P<0.001). The prevalence of MS was highest among Type 2 diabetes patients with 66.9% (95%CI: 60.3-73.1), followed by patients with coronary artery disease with 55.2% (95%CI: 50.8-59.6) and cardiovascular diseases with 48.3% (95%CI: 33.5-63.3) (P<0.001). With 33.6% (95% CI: 28.3-39.1), the southern African region was the most affected, followed by upper-middle income economies with 35% (95% CI: 29.5-40.6). CONCLUSION This study, regardless of the definition used, reveals a high prevalence of MS in Africa, confirming the ongoing epidemiological transition in African countries. Early prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed to reverse this trend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Medical Research Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Kenfack-Momo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Guy Roussel Takuissu
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Medical Research Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Maxwell Wandji Nguedjo
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Albuminuria in Non-Diabetic Non-Hypertensive Patients with Severe Obesity: a Short-Term Outcome. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2397-2402. [PMID: 35524905 PMCID: PMC9276579 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. Despite the well-documented obesity association with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, its predisposition to albuminuria is not related to these comorbidities, and, in some times, its occurrence is independent of DM or hypertension. Purpose of the study The present study aimed to evaluate bariatric surgery effect on albuminuria in patients with severe obesity with no DM or hypertension. Materials and methods The study consisted of 137 patients with extreme obesity and albuminuria scheduled for bariatric surgery and did not have diabetes or hypertension. They underwent an assessment for 24-h urinary albumin at baseline (T0) and 6 months postoperatively (T2). Results Albuminuria remission occurred in 83% of patients; there was a statistically highly significant difference between the baseline and the 6-month postoperative in the 24-h urinary albumin assessment. Weight loss and BMI at T2 were independent predictors of albuminuria remission. Conclusion The current work emphasizes the importance and promising role of bariatric surgery as an effective weight reduction management method in improving albuminuria, an early sign of chronic kidney disease, and a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abosayed AK, Aisha HAA, Fathy E, ElAnsary AMSEO, Al Aziz AA. Prevalence of Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy in Morbidly Obese Patients at Cairo University Tertiary Hospital. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity has been reported to be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) usually has a gradual onset, with microalbuminuria or clinically dominant proteinuria as the primary manifestation, with or without impaired renal function, and a small number of patients manifesting with microscopic hematuria or nephrotic syndrome.
AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ORG in morbidly obese patients and its impact on renal function.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that included patients with morbid obesity who visited the bariatric clinic in our institution during the period from October 2019 to February 2021. Patients who had no history of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension underwent blood pressure measurement, assessment for 24-h urinary albumin to detect patients with laboratory-based ORG, kidney function tests, urine analysis and HbA1c, and examination by abdominal sonogram focused on both kidneys. Patients with asymptomatic micro or macroalbuminuria were recruited to the study.
RESULTS: The total number of patients screened during the study period was 1,045, out of whom 100 patients were eligible for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, denoting an albuminuria prevalence of 9.5% and there is no statistically significant relationship between this albuminuria and age, gender, and BMI.
CONCLUSION: ORG is a rising problem in the field of morbid obesity management, the current study shows that the prevalence of ORG is 9.5% in our screened cohort.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bae EH, Lim SY, Jung JH, Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, Ma SK, Han KD, Kim SW. Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051065. [PMID: 33806552 PMCID: PMC7962022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic. It is one of the strongest risk-factors of new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effects of obesity and abdominal obesity on the risk of developing CKD in young adults has not been elucidated. From a nationwide health screening database, we included 3,030,884 young adults aged 20–39 years without CKD during a baseline examination in 2009–2010, who could follow up during 2013–2016. Patients were stratified into five levels based on their baseline body mass index (BMI) and six levels based on their waist circumference (WC; 5-cm increments). The primary outcome was the development of CKD. During the follow up, until 2016, 5853 (0.19%) participants developed CKD. Both BMI and WC showed a U-shaped relationship with CKD risk, identifying the cut-off values as a BMI of 21 and WC of 72 cm in young adults. The obesity group (odd ratio [OR] = 1.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.247–1.397) and abdominal obesity group (male WC ≥ 90, female WC ≥ 85) (OR = 1.208, 95%CI: 1.332–1.290) showed a higher CKD risk than the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity groups after adjusting for covariates. In the CKD risk by obesity composite, the obesity displayed by the abdominal obesity group showed the highest CKD risk (OR = 1.502, 95%CI: 1.190–1.895), especially in those under 30 years old. During subgroup analysis, the diabetes mellitus (DM) group with obesity or abdominal obesity paradoxically showed a lower CKD risk compared with the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity group. Obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with increased risk of developing CKD in young adults but a decreased risk in young adults with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15459, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil Universithy, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-D.H.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-2-820-7025 (K.-D.H.); +82-62-220-6271 (S.W.K.)
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnan National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (E.H.B.); (T.R.O.); (H.S.C.); (C.S.K.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-D.H.); (S.W.K.); Tel.: +82-2-820-7025 (K.-D.H.); +82-62-220-6271 (S.W.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiranmayi P, Tahaseen S, Rakshmitha M, Anusha B. Prediction and risk factor analysis of obesity-related proteinuria among individuals with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF DIABETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
6
|
Bariatric Surgery Improves Renal Function: a Large Inner-City Population Outcome Study. Obes Surg 2020; 31:260-266. [PMID: 32815104 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is associated with improved renal dysfunction in general population studies. The study examined the effects of bariatric surgery on renal function in a predominantly Hispanic and African American population at a community hospital in New York, USA. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed prospectively collected bariatric surgical data from 2247 patients (89% female) who underwent bariatric surgery at a single center. Changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), micro- and macroalbuminuria, and hyperfiltration, which were measured preoperatively and then yearly for 3 years postoperatively, were evaluated with t tests and logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding variables. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 37.1 years; the mean preoperative body mass index was 45 ± 7 kg/m2. RESULTS The results obtained 3 years postoperatively showed the following significant improvements compared with the preoperative values: mean UACR decreased from 40.3 to 11.1 mg/g, mean eGFR improved from 79.4 to 87.3 mL/min, the prevalence of microalbuminuria decreased from 13.7 to 6.2%, the prevalence of macroalbuminuria decreased from 2.5 to 0%, and the prevalence of hyperfiltration decreased from 4.4 to 2.7% (all P < .0001). In adjusted multivariate regression analysis, these results remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, type of surgery, and presence of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. CONCLUSION In this large study at an inner-city hospital, bariatric surgery was associated with significant improvements in renal dysfunction parameters. These results could assist with informed decisions regarding indications for bariatric surgery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fatani SH, Abdelbasit NA, Al-Amodi HS, Mukhtar MM, Babakr AT. Testosterone, obesity, and waist circumference as determinants of metabolic syndrome in Saudi women. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:175-181. [PMID: 29750045 PMCID: PMC5935187 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s156021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum total testosterone is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to identify possible alterations in total testosterone and their relationship with plasma glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipid profile. METHODS One hundred forty-two female subjects were selected to participate in this study, and they were recruited by consultant physicians from the Clinic and Medical Out-Patient, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The anthropometric characteristics were obtained from questionnaires by using standard methods. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein by using enzymatic methods. Total testosterone was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of testosterone in human serum. RESULTS Significantly higher concentrations of total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein, and glucose, but lower concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, were observed in subjects with MS compared with women without MS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that high levels of total testosterone and disturbance in lipid profile were associated with MS in Saudi women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H Fatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazik Altayeb Abdelbasit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba S Al-Amodi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maowia Mohamed Mukhtar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Abdullatif Taha Babakr, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 7607 Abdia, Makkah 21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 12 2527 0000 extn 4322, Fax +966 12 2527 0000 extn 4319, Email
| |
Collapse
|