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Shah S, Priyanka, Sharma S. An Updated Trial Sequential Meta-analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (Fok1, Bsm1, Taq1 and Apa1) and Risk to Tuberculosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:60-72. [PMID: 38223006 PMCID: PMC10784437 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is one of the most widely studied genes for the Tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Several studies have been conducted to establish some association between them but most of the time they are contradictory and underpowered. So, a trial sequential meta-analysis between VDR gene polymorphisms and TB susceptibility can provide a better understanding of the relationship. A meta-analysis was carried out using a total of 17 case-control studies which includes Fok1 (14 Studies), Bsm1 (8 Studies), Apa1 (8 Studies) and Taq1 (12 Studies) polymorphisms in the VDR gene searched from Pubmed and Google Scholar. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated using StatsDirect Version 3, using random effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed to assess if the statistical significance of the meta-analysis was within monitoring boundaries. It was found that the individuals with BB genotype of Bsm1 polymorphism with OR = 0.713 (95%CI = 0.521, 0.974; p value < 0.05) and FF genotype of Fok1 polymorphism with pooled OR = 0.716 (95%CI = 0.523, 0.979; p value < 0.05) had decreased incidence of TB. Also, the aa genotype of Apa1 gene polymorphism increases susceptibility to TB with pooled OR = 1.997 (95%CI = 1.121, 3.558; p value < 0.05). All these analyses reached the required information size through TSA analysis. No statistically significant result was found for Taq1 polymorphisms and TB susceptibility. VDR polymorphisms in Fok1 and Bsm1 played protective roles against development of TB infection, while Apa1 appeared to have a significant association to TB susceptibility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01091-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Shah
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, DS Kothari Central Facility for Interdisciplinary Research (DSKC), University of Delhi, Miranda House, 110007 Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, DS Kothari Central Facility for Interdisciplinary Research (DSKC), University of Delhi, Miranda House, 110007 Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi, India
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Dlozi PN, Gladchuk A, Crutchley RD, Keuler N, Coetzee R, Dube A. Cathelicidins and defensins antimicrobial host defense peptides in the treatment of TB and HIV: Pharmacogenomic and nanomedicine approaches towards improved therapeutic outcomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113189. [PMID: 35676789 PMCID: PMC9209695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent a significant burden of disease on a global scale. Despite improvements in the global epidemic status, largely facilitated by increased access to pharmacotherapeutic interventions, slow progress in the development of new clinical interventions coupled with growing antimicrobial resistance to existing therapies represents a global health crisis. There is an urgent need to expand the armamentarium of TB and HIV therapeutic strategies. Host mediated immune responses represent an untapped reservoir of novel approaches for TB and HIV. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an essential aspect of the immune system. Cathelicidins and defensins AMPs have been studied for their potential applications in TB and HIV therapeutic interventions. Genetic polymorphism across different population groups may affect endogenous expression or activity of AMPs, potentially influencing therapeutic outcomes. However, certain genetic polymorphisms in autophagy pathways may alter the downstream effects of nano-delivery of cathelicidin. On the other hand, certain genetic polymorphisms in beta-defensins may provide a protective role in reducing HIV-1 mother-to-child-transmission. Pharmaceutical development of cathelicidins and defensins is disadvantaged with complex challenges. Nanoparticle formulations improve pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility while facilitating targeted drug delivery, potentially minimising the risk of immunogenicity or non-specific haemolytic activity. This review aims to explore the potential viability of using cathelicidins and defensins as novel pharmacotherapy in the management of TB and HIV, highlight potential pharmacogenomic implications in host mediated immunity and AMP therapeutic applications, as well as propose novel drug delivery strategies represented by nanomedicine for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince N Dlozi
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Angelina Gladchuk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yakima, WA 98901, United States
| | - Rustin D Crutchley
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yakima, WA 98901, United States.
| | - Nicole Keuler
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Renier Coetzee
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Wani BA, Shehjar F, Shah S, Koul A, Yusuf A, Farooq M, Mir MI, Singh R, Afroze D. Role of genetic variants of Vitamin D receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104911. [PMID: 33991642 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene abnormalities confer susceptibility to tuberculosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR-2, are also important mediators of inflammatory response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated VDR, TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene polymorphisms in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). OBJECTIVES To find out a possible association of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs731236), TLR-2 (196-174 Ins > Del) and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) gene polymorphisms with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in ethnic Kashmiri population. METHODS A total of 100 extrapulmunary tuberculosis cases and 102 healthy controls were analyzed for Vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs731236), TLR-2 (196-174 ins > del) and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP and Allele-Specific PCR methods. RESULTS We found increased frequency of TLR-4 Thr/Ile heterozygous genotype in cases as compared with healthy controls (22% vs 5.8%). Thus acting as a risk factor for extrapulmonary tuberculosis, as was elucidated from statistical analysis [OR, 4.5; 95% CI (1.74-11.68); P < 0.001]. In case of TLR-2 (196-174 ins > del) we observed significant differences in the homozygous variant (Del/Del) genotype of cases and controls (28% in cases & 2.94% in controls). Thus, TLR-2 (Del/Del) genotype acts as a strong risk factor for extrapulmonary tuberculosis predisposition [OR, 12.2; 95% CI (3.5-42.69); P < 0.001]. We did not find any significant differences in the genotypic distribution of (VDR) (rs731236) T > C SNP between cases and controls (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TLR-4 (Thr/Ile) and TLR-2 (Del/Del) act as significant risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis predisposition in ethnic Kashmiri population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India; Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faheem Shehjar
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Sonaullah Shah
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Ajaz Koul
- Department of Internal & Pulmonary Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Adfar Yusuf
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Muzamil Farooq
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Mohmad Iqbal Mir
- Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dil Afroze
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, J&K, India.
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Vitamin D and Influenza-Prevention or Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082419. [PMID: 30115864 PMCID: PMC6121423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D generates many extraskeletal effects due to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which is present in most tissues throughout the body. The possible role of vitamin D in infections is implied from its impact on the innate and adaptive immune responses. A significant effect is also the suppression of inflammatory processes. Because vitamin D could be acknowledged as a “seasonal stimulus”, as defined by R. Edgar Hope-Simpson, it would be crucial to prove it from a potential easy and cheap prophylaxis or therapy support perspective as far as influenza infections are concerned. The survey of the literature data generates some controversies and doubts about the possible role of vitamin D in the prevention of influenza virus. The most important point is to realise that the broad spectrum of this vitamin’s activity does not exclude such a possibility. According to most of the authors, more randomized controlled trials with effective, large populations are needed to explore the preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on viral influenza infections.
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Qrafli M, Najimi M, Elaouad R, Sadki K. Current immunogenetic predisposition to tuberculosis in the Moroccan population. Int J Immunogenet 2017; 44:286-304. [PMID: 29057608 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that kills approximately two million people per year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Numerous genetic epidemiology studies have been conducted of many ethnic groups worldwide and have highlighted the critical impact of the genetic environment on TB distribution. Many candidate genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to TB have been identified. In Morocco, where TB is still a major public health problem, various observations of clinical, microbiological and incidence distribution are heavily affected by genetic background and external environment. Morocco has almost the same clinical profile as do other North African countries, mainly the increase in more extrapulmonary than pulmonary forms of the diseases, when compared to European, Asian or American populations. In addition, a linkage analysis study that examined Moroccan TB patients identified a unique chromosome region that had a strong association with the risk of contracting TB. Other genes in the Moroccan population that were found to be associated seem to be involved predominantly in modulating the innate immunity. In this review, we appraise the major candidate genes that have been reported in Moroccan immunogenetic studies and discuss their updated role in TB, particularly during the first phase of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qrafli
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Elaouad
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Sadki
- Physiopathology Team, Immunogenomic and Bioinformatic Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Familial risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for centuries. Largely through studies of mono- and dizygotic twin concordance rates, studies of families with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, and candidate gene studies performed in the 20th century, it was recognized that susceptibility to TB disease has a substantial host genetic component. Limitations in candidate gene studies and early linkage studies made the robust identification of specific loci associated with disease challenging, and few loci have been convincingly associated across multiple populations. Genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies, based on microarray (commonly known as genechip) technologies, conducted in the past decade have helped shed some light on pathogenesis but only a handful of new pathways have been identified. This apparent paradox, of high heritability but few replicable associations, has spurred a new wave of collaborative global studies. This review aims to comprehensively review the heritability of TB, critically review the host genetic and transcriptomic correlates of disease, and highlight current studies and future prospects in the study of host genomics in TB. An implicit goal of elucidating host genetic correlates of susceptibility to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection or TB disease is to identify pathophysiological features amenable to translation to new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions. The translation of genomic insights into new clinical tools is therefore also discussed.
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Yang Y, Liu X, Yin W, Xie D, He W, Jiang G, Fan J. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine enhances the antimicrobial response of vitamin D receptor against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epigenetic modification affects disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei Yin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenxin He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
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NRAMP1 and VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Venezuelan Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:860628. [PMID: 26578819 PMCID: PMC4633561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp1) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are central components of the innate and adaptive immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and associations between susceptibility to tuberculosis and polymorphisms in the genes NRAMP and VDR have been sought in geographically diverse populations. We investigated associations of NRAMP1 and VDR gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to TB in the Venezuelan population. The results suggest the absence of any association between VDR variants FokI, ApaI, and TaqI and susceptibility to tuberculosis. In contrast, the NRAMP1 3'UTR variants were associated with susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, as seen in the comparisons between TST+ and TST- controls, and also with progression to TB disease, as shown in the comparisons between TB patients and TST+ controls. This study confirms the previously described association of the NRAMP1 3'UTR polymorphism with M. tuberculosis infection and disease progression.
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Cao Y, Wang X, Cao Z, Cheng X. Association of Vitamin D receptor gene TaqI polymorphisms with tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10187-10203. [PMID: 26309718 PMCID: PMC4538126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a receptor of vitamin D3, which plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, lymphocyte activation and cytokine production, and is associated with TB susceptibility. Growing studies explored the association of TaqI polymorphism of VDR with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. However, the results were inconsistent and conflicting. To assess the relationship between the VDR TaqI gene polymorphism and the risk of TB, a meta-analysis was performed. Databases including PubMed and EMbase were systematically searched for genetic association studies of TaqI polymorphism of VDR and tuberculosis until February 15, 2015. Data were extracted by two independent authors and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between VDR TaqI gene polymorphism and TB risk, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Thirty-eight studies with a total of 6881 cases and 7511 controls were reviewed in the present meta-analysis. A statistically significant correlations were observed between VDR TaqI gene polymorphism and TB risk in South and West Asians (t vs. T: OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.07-1.51, P=0.007; tt vs. TT: OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.11-2.26, P=0.011; tt vs. Tt + TT: OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.17-1.73, P=0.000; tt + Tt vs. TT: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.05-1.67, P=0.019). Heterogeneity between studies was not pronounced, and meta-regression found no source contributed to heterogeneity. However, after stratified analysis with respect to genotyping methods and sample size, significant association was found in "small" studies (<500 participants) and studies with "PCR-RFLP" methods. Synthesis of the available studies suggests that t allele of the VDR TaqI polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased TB risk in South and West Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, The 309th Hospital Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, The 309th Hospital Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, The 309th Hospital Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, and Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis, The 309th Hospital Beijing 100091, China
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Facchini L, Venturini E, Galli L, Martino MD, Chiappini E. Vitamin D and tuberculosis: a review on a hot topic. J Chemother 2015; 27:128-38. [DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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