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Rathod P, Desai A, Chandel D. Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with risk of preterm birth in Indian mothers: a case–control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since MTHFR is the key enzyme in folate metabolism, its reduction can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, which can have a negative impact on pregnancy outcome. Moreover, MTHFR polymorphism has also been linked with oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Identifying its ethnicity-specific association can help to reduce the incidence of preterm birth (PTB). Material and methods: Age-matched preterm birth mothers (< 37 weeks) and full-term mothers (> 37 weeks) were carefully selected for the study. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method was adopted to analyse MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Oxidative stress (OS) analysis was performed by measuring the levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and OS damage markers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein). Genotoxicity was confirmed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay. The statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t test, chi-square test, and one-way ANOVA. The relevant risk of premature delivery was represented by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
The MTHFR polymorphism showed statistical significance for PTB outcome with CT and TT genotype frequencies at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively, between cases and controls. Within the PTB categories (extreme-, very-, moderate-PTB), TT genotype showed statistical significance at (p < 0.05), while CT genotype remained insignificant. Also, statistically high oxidative stress and DNA damage were observed in cases compared to controls for all genotypes. Furthermore, the T allele of the MTHFR gene was found to be linked with significantly increased OS and DNA damage on comparison within the groups.
Conclusions
This study confirms the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity biomarkers are associated with the PTB outcome. Analysis of these biomarkers during pregnancy can be of clinical significance.
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Fission Yeast Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Ensures Mitotic and Meiotic Chromosome Segregation Fidelity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020639. [PMID: 33440639 PMCID: PMC7827777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the folate metabolic pathway, and its loss of function through polymorphisms is often associated with human conditions, including cancer, congenital heart disease, and Down syndrome. MTHFR is also required in the maintenance of heterochromatin, a crucial determinant of genomic stability and precise chromosomal segregation. Here, we characterize the function of a fission yeast gene met11+, which encodes a protein that is highly homologous to the mammalian MTHFR. We show that, although met11+ is not essential for viability, its disruption increases chromosome missegregation and destabilizes constitutive heterochromatic regions at pericentromeric, sub-telomeric and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. Transcriptional silencing at these sites were disrupted, which is accompanied by the reduction in enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) and binding of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-like Swi6. The met11 null mutant also dominantly disrupts meiotic fidelity, as displayed by reduced sporulation efficiency and defects in proper partitioning of the genetic material during meiosis. Interestingly, the faithful execution of these meiotic processes is synergistically ensured by cooperation among Met11, Rec8, a meiosis-specific cohesin protein, and the shugoshin protein Sgo1, which protects Rec8 from untimely cleavage. Overall, our results suggest a key role for Met11 in maintaining pericentromeric heterochromatin for precise genetic inheritance during mitosis and meiosis.
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A review on genetic polymorphism in MTHFR gene with Down syndrome and leukemia. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kedar R, Chandel D. MTHFR gene polymorphism and associated nutritional deficiency in the etiology and pathogenesis of Down syndrome. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Clare CE, Brassington AH, Kwong WY, Sinclair KD. One-Carbon Metabolism: Linking Nutritional Biochemistry to Epigenetic Programming of Long-Term Development. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:263-287. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon (1C) metabolism comprises a series of interlinking metabolic pathways that include the methionine and folate cycles that are central to cellular function, providing 1C units (methyl groups) for the synthesis of DNA, polyamines, amino acids, creatine, and phospholipids. S-adenosylmethionine is a potent aminopropyl and methyl donor within these cycles and serves as the principal substrate for methylation of DNA, associated proteins, and RNA. We propose that 1C metabolism functions as a key biochemical conduit between parental environment and epigenetic regulation of early development and that interindividual and ethnic variability in epigenetic-gene regulation arises because of genetic variants within 1C genes, associated epigenetic regulators, and differentially methylated target DNA sequences. We present evidence to support these propositions, drawing upon studies undertaken in humans and animals. We conclude that future studies should assess the epigenetic effects of cumulative (multigenerational) dietary imbalances contemporaneously in both parents, as this better represents the human experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance E. Clare
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amey H. Brassington
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Wing Yee Kwong
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Rai V, Kumar P. Fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism confers no susceptibility to Down syndrome: Evidence from meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Jiajin L, Shuyan C, Ying W, Junxiao C, Xiudi W. Genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism as risk for Down syndrome in the southern China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2030-2035. [PMID: 29343135 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1424818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal gene polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a Down syndrome (DS) offspring in southern China mothers. METHODS Gene polymorphisms in folate metabolizing and the levels of homocysteine (HCY) were analyzed in 84 southern China mothers with DS babies (the case group) and 120 healthy mothers (the control group). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131), methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (rs1805087), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G (rs1801394) were studied. RESULTS We found no significant differences (p > .05) in the frequencies of four genetic polymorphisms between the two groups. We found gene-gene interactions had a 1.997-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTR AA (OR: 1.997, 95% CI: 1.038-3.841, p = .038) and a 2.588-fold increased risk in MTHFR 677 CT with MTRR AG (OR: 2.588, 95% CI: 1.111-6.031, p = .028) in the case group than control. The levels of HCY were significantly higher in MTHFR 677 TT than MTHFR 677 CC in the case group (TT 17.2167±5.1051, CC 12.1969±5.0299, F = 2.194, p < .05), and it was significantly higher in MTHFR 677 TT in the case group than control (TT 17.2167±5.1051 in the case group, TT 10.2286±1.4373 in the control group, F = 2.546, p < .05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism may have population specificity in determining the susceptibility of having DS offsprings. The gene-nutrition, gene-gene interactions and ethnicity are important variables to be considered in periconceptional nutritional supplementation and antenatal care for reducing the risk of DS babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiajin
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Cao Shuyan
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wu Ying
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Chen Junxiao
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wang Xiudi
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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Yadav U, Kumar P, Gupta S, Rai V. Distribution of MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphism in Healthy North Indian Population and an Updated Meta-analysis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 32:399-410. [PMID: 29062171 PMCID: PMC5634971 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate pathway. Several polymorphisms were reported in MTHFR gene but C677T polymorphism is most studied and it has been reported to be risk factor for several diseases/disorders. The present study was designed to explore the frequency of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in North Indian healthy population. In addition to this a meta-analysis of published articles was also performed to estimate the global prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A total of 1000 unrelated healthy subjects were selected for MTHFR C677T polymorphism analysis. Different databases were searched for eligible articles. Prevalence proportion with 95 % CI was used to determine global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype. Meta-analysis was performed by Open meta-analyst. In 1000 blood samples analyzed, the frequency of T allele and TT genotype was 11 and 1 % respectively. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the global prevalence of T allele and TT genotype were 24.0 % (95 % CI 21.7-26.5) and 7.7 % (95 % CI 6.5-8.9) respectively. In sub-group meta-analysis, the lowest frequency of T allele was found in Africans (10.3 %; 95 % CI 3.8-16.8), and highest in Europeans (34.1 %; 95 % CI 31.9-36.3). The frequency of T allele in the North India is 11 %. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the frequency of the T allele and the TT genotype of C677T is highest in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Yadav
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vandana Rai
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP 222 003 India
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Bucerzan S, Popp RA, Vlad RM, Lazea C, Nicolaescu R, Grigorescu-Sido P. Evaluation of c677t and a1298c polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene as a maternal risk factor for trisomy 21 (a monocentric study). REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: To assess the risk for trisomy 21 in children, depending on the polymorphisms C677T and A1298C of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in mothers.
Methods: For 93 mothers who have children with trisomy 21 and 202 mothers of healthy children (control group), genotyping of MTHFR polymorphisms C677T and A1298C was performed.
Results: For each polymorphism, three genotypes were identified (normal homozygous, heterozygous and mutant homozygous). For the polymorphism C677T, the frequencies of the three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were 50.5%, 40.8% and 8.6% in mothers of children with trisomy 21, versus 42.6%, 46% and 11.4% in mothers of healthy children, with no statistically significant differences. The frequency of the polymorphism A1298C was not statistically significant between the two groups for the genotype (AA) (48.4% vs 56.4%) or the genotype (AC) (39.8% vs 38.6%), but the genotype TT was more frequent in mothers of children with trisomy 21 (11.8% vs 4.9%; p = 0.033; OR = 2.57).
Conclusion: Women with genotype CC for the polymorphism A1298C of the MTHFR gene have a 2.57 times higher risk of offspring with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bucerzan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Centre of Genetic Diseases, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Anghel Popp
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Medical Genetics Department, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Vlad
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pediatrics, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Medical Genetics Department, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Nicolaescu
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Laboratory, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Grigorescu-Sido
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Centre of Genetic Diseases, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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KAUR AMANDEEP, KAUR ANUPAM. Maternal MTHFR polymorphism (677 C–T) and risk of Down’s syndrome child: meta-analysis. J Genet 2016; 95:505-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muthuswamy S, Agarwal S. Do the MTHFR gene polymorphism and Down syndrome pregnancy association stands true? A case–control study of Indian population and meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zhu X, Liu Z, Zhang M, Gong R, Xu Y, Wang B. Association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase geneC677Tpolymorphism with the risk of male infertility: a meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2015; 38:185-93. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Coppedè F. The genetics of folate metabolism and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome and associated congenital heart defects. Front Genet 2015; 6:223. [PMID: 26161087 PMCID: PMC4479818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 15 years ago it was hypothesized that polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism could lead to aberrant methylation of peri-centromeric regions of chromosome 21, favoring its abnormal segregation during maternal meiosis. Subsequently, more than 50 small case-control studies investigated whether or not maternal polymorphisms of folate pathway genes could be risk factors for the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS), yielding conflicting and inconclusive results. However, recent meta-analyses of those studies suggest that at least three of those polymorphisms, namely MTHFR 677C>T, MTRR 66A>G, and RFC1 80G>A, are likely to act as maternal risk factors for the birth of a child with trisomy 21, revealing also complex gene-nutrient interactions. A large-cohort study also revealed that lack of maternal folic acid supplementation at peri-conception resulted in increased risk for a DS birth due to errors occurred at maternal meiosis II in the aging oocyte, and it was shown that the methylation status of chromosome 21 peri-centromeric regions could favor recombination errors during meiosis leading to its malsegregation. In this regard, two recent case-control studies revealed association of maternal polymorphisms or haplotypes of the DNMT3B gene, coding for an enzyme required for the regulation of DNA methylation at centromeric and peri-centromeric regions of human chromosomes, with risk of having a birth with DS. Furthermore, congenital heart defects (CHD) are found in almost a half of DS births, and increasing evidence points to a possible contribution of lack of folic acid supplementation at peri-conception, maternal polymorphisms of folate pathway genes, and resulting epigenetic modifications of several genes, at the basis of their occurrence. This review summarizes available case-control studies and literature meta-analyses in order to provide a critical and up to date overview of what we currently know in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy ; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
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Maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and down syndrome risk: a meta-analysis from 34 studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108552. [PMID: 25265565 PMCID: PMC4180743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme of folate metabolic pathway which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate donates methyl group for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. Several studies have investigated maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism as a risk factor for DS, but the results were controversial and inconclusive. To come into a conclusive estimate, authors performed a meta-analysis. AIM A meta-analysis of published case control studies was performed to investigate the association between maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Down syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Link databases were searched to select the eligible case control studies using appropriate keywords. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95%confidence interval were calculated for risk assessment. RESULTS Thirty four studies with 3,098 DS case mothers and 4,852 control mothers were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled OR was estimated under five genetic models and significant association was found between maternal MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism and Down syndrome under four genetic models except recessive model (for T vs. C, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09-1.46, p = 0.001; for TT vs. CC, OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.13-1.97, p = 0.008; for CT vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10-1.51, p = 0.001; for TT+CT vs. CC, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.13-1.60, p = 0.0008; for TT vs. CT+CC, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of the present meta-analysis support that maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for DS- affected pregnancy.
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Meta-analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase maternal gene in Down syndrome: increased susceptibility in women carriers of the MTHFR 677T allele. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5491-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kaur A, Kaur A. Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C-T polymorphism among mothers of Down syndrome children. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 19:412-4. [PMID: 24497705 PMCID: PMC3897135 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.124368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between chromosomal non-disjunction leading to aneuploidy and folate metabolism has drawn attention in the recent years. In this study, we examined the polymorphism in the gene encoding the folate metabolizing enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), namely, 677 C-T in women having Down syndrome (DS) children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of these variant genotypes (MTHFR 677 C-T polymorphism) in women having DS children (case mothers) (n = 110) was compared with controls (n = 111) from Punjab. Genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction method followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: In the present study, 1.8% of case mothers had TT genotype while none of the control mothers showed this genotype. T allele frequency among cases was 0.13 and 0.11 in controls. The Chi-square value showed a non-significant difference between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: No association has been observed between 677 C-T polymorphism and risk of non-disjunction in case mothers. Detection of polymorphisms in more genes of folate pathway is required to find out the exact cause of non-disjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Yang M, Gong T, Lin X, Qi L, Guo Y, Cao Z, Shen M, Du Y. Maternal gene polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and the risk of having a Down syndrome offspring: a meta-analysis. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:661-71. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/get045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mohanty PK, Kapoor S, Dubey AP, Pandey S, Shah R, Nayak HK, Polipalli SK. Evaluation of C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase gene and its association with levels of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 18:285-9. [PMID: 23716934 PMCID: PMC3656515 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Evaluation of C677T polymorphisms of the methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and its association with level of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 as possible maternal risk factors for Down syndrome. DESIGN This was a case-control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-two mothers (mean age 27.6 years) with babies having free trisomy 21 of North Indian ethnicity and 52 control nonlactating mothers (mean age 24.9 years) of same ethnicity attending services of genetic lab for bloodletting for other causes were enrolled after informed written consent. Fasting blood was collected and was used for determination of plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate (serum and RBC), and for PCR amplification of the MTHFR gene. RESULTS The prevalence of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in north Indian mothers of babies with trisomy 21 Down syndrome was 15.38% compared to 5.88 % in controls. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.124). Low serum folate was demonstrated in 34.62% of cases vs. 11.54% in controls, which was significant (P = 0.005). Low RBC folate was found in 30.7% of cases versus 11.53% in controls, which was not significant (P = 0.059), when analyzed independently. But on multiple regression analysis the difference was statistically significant. Low serum vitamin B12 was found in 42.31% of cases versus 34.62% in controls, which was not significant (P = 0.118). The mean serum homocysteine in cases was 10.35 ± 0.68 while controls were 9.02 ± 0.535. CONCLUSION Serum levels of folate were low in cases. The RBC folate levels were comparable in both groups. However the combined serum folate and RBC folate were low in cases compared to control groups. Homocysteine levels in our study were higher in Down syndrome mothers compared to controls; however high-serum level of Homocysteine had no association with MTHFR polymorphism. No association of serum vitamin B12 with MTHFR polymorphism in occurrence of Down syndrome births was found. Peri- or preconceptional folate supplementation may therefore lead to a decline in DS births, if supported by larger studies.
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Verma IC, Lall M, Dua Puri R. Down syndrome in India--diagnosis, screening, and prenatal diagnosis. Clin Lab Med 2013; 32:231-48. [PMID: 22727002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Clinical manifestations are variable, and children have psychomotor impairment, multiple malformations, and medical conditions. Confirmation of the diagnosis is by karyotype analysis. The cytogenetic abnormality can be classified into pure trisomy 21, translocation, or mosaicism. Risk of recurrence depends on the primary cytogenetic abnormality in the proband. Prenatal screening is by biochemical and ultrasound markers in the first and second trimester. Definitive prenatal diagnosis is by analysis of fetal chromosomes in fetal chorionic villi, amniocytes, or cord blood. A noninvasive test for trisomy 21 in maternal blood has been developed by massively parallel shotgun sequencing. Therapeutic studies in Ts65Dn mice suggest an exciting prospect of improvement of learning ability and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar C Verma
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajender Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Folate metabolism gene polymorphisms MTHFR C677T and A1298C and risk for Down syndrome offspring: a meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 167:154-9. [PMID: 23295071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MTHFR C677T and A1298C have been associated with the risk of having an infant with Down syndrome (DS), but results were conflicting. We performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between maternal MTHFR polymorphisms and DS. STUDY DESIGN An electronic search of PubMed and Chinese Biomedicine database was conducted to select studies for meta-analysis. Twenty-eight case-control studies containing MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms were chosen, and odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of this association. RESULTS Case-control studies including 2806 cases and 4597controls for MTHFR C677T were identified. The overall results suggested that the variant genotypes MTHFR C677T were associated with DS risk (TT+CT vs. CC: OR=1.305, 95% CI: 0.125-1.514, p=0). In the stratified analysis, individuals with the T-carriers genotype in the dominant model had increased risk of DS (OR=1.171, 95% CI: 0.976-1.405, p=0.09) in Caucasian subjects and in Asian subjects (OR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.084-2.824, p=0.022). In addition, case-control studies including 1854 cases and 2364 controls for MTHFR A1298C were chosen. Associations between MTHFR A1298C and the risk of having a child with DS were not found. A symmetric funnel plot, the Egger's test (p=0.126) suggested a lack of publication bias. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the idea that MTHFR C677T genotype is associated with increased risk for DS offspring.
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The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variant (C677T) in risk mothers with Down syndrome among Saudi population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Bhargava S, Ali A, Parakh R, Saxena R, Srivastava LM. Higher incidence of C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene in North Indian patients with vascular disease. Vascular 2012; 20:88-95. [PMID: 22375042 DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2011.oa0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is derived from dietary methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been implicated in vascular disease for over a decade now, and can be treated with B vitamins. Among its causes is polymorphism of the MTHFR gene, the most common being the cytidine to thymidine at position 677 (MTHFR C677T), which gives rise to three genotypes - normal homozygous CC, heterozygous CT and homozygous variant TT. An attempt was made to ascertain the prevalence of this MTHFR C677T in our population so that preventive measures may accordingly be instituted. Blood samples from 70 patients with vascular disease and 70 healthy controls were analyzed for plasma homocysteine levels (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and for the presence of MTHFR C677T (polymerase chain reaction analysis). Homocysteine was higher in the homozygous subjects (TT genotype) than in the heterozygous (CT genotype). In patients, the frequency of the C allele was significantly lower, and that of the T allele was significantly higher than the corresponding frequencies in controls. In conclusion, the North Indian urban population has higher homocysteine levels associated with the TT genotype. Hence, instituting measures towards reduction of homocysteine levels in the population would probably reduce the incidence and morbidity of vascular disease in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhargava
- Department of Biochemistry, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Prasad VVTS, Wilkhoo H. Association of the functional polymorphism C677T in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene with colorectal, thyroid, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:422-6. [PMID: 21934341 DOI: 10.1159/000331131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have been studied widely in various cancers, excluding thyroid cancer. However, reports on the association of various polymorphisms with certain cancers are contradictory. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have investigated whether the prevalence of the most common polymorphism (C677T) in the MTHFR gene has any link with various cancers, using genomic DNA and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) analysis. RESULTS The frequency of the heterozygous variant (677CT) but not that of 677TT was found to be significantly higher in colorectal cancer cases than in controls (p < 0.039; odds ratio 2.35 and 95% confidence interval 1.02-5.415). The frequencies for 677CT were 11.0 and 5.0% in colorectal cancer samples and controls, respectively. In ovarian cancer, the frequency of the 677TT variant was 6.0% which differed significantly (p < 0.026) from the control value of 1.0%. However, the frequencies of the variants in cervical, thyroid, and breast cancer cases did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS Our data taken together with other reports indicates that the polymorphism C677T of MTHFR is a risk factor for developing colorectal cancer but not cervical, thyroid, and breast cancers. The present study also reconfirms that frequencies of the variants are not gender-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidudala V T S Prasad
- Research and Development, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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Polymorphism C1420T of Serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene on maternal risk for Down syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2561-6. [PMID: 21687976 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches have investigated the factors that determine the maternal risk for Down syndrome (DS) in young woman. In this context, some studies have demonstrated the association between polymorphisms in genes involved on folate metabolism and the maternal risk for DS. These polymorphisms may result in abnormal folate metabolism and methyl deficiency, which is associated with aberrant chromosome segregation leading to trisomy 21. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the polymorphism C1420T in Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) gene on maternal risk for DS and on metabolites concentrations of the folate pathway (serum folate and plasma homocysteine and methylmalonic acid). The study group was composed by 105 mothers with DS children (case group) and 185 mothers who had no children with DS (control group). The genotype distribution did not show significant statistical difference between case and control mothers (P = 0.24) however a protective effect between genotypes CC (P = 0.0002) and CT (P < 0.0001) and maternal risk for DS was observed. Furthermore, the SHMT C1420T polymorphism (rs1979277) does not affect the concentration of metabolites of folate pathway in our DS mothers. In conclusion, our data showed a protective role for the genotypes SHMT CC and CT on maternal risk for DS. The concentrations of metabolites of folate pathway did not differ significantly between the genotypes SHMT.
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Sadiq MF, Al-Refai EA, Al-Nasser A, Khassawneh M, Al-Batayneh Q. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms C677T and A1298C as Maternal Risk Factors for Down Syndrome in Jordan. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:51-7. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- May F. Sadiq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Amjad Al-Nasser
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Khassawneh
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Medical School, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Bagheri M, Abdi Rad I. Frequency of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate REDUCTASE 677CT and 1298AC mutations in an Iranian Turkish female population. MAEDICA 2010; 5:171-177. [PMID: 21977149 PMCID: PMC3177554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene-environmental interactions in the pathway of folate metabolism influence greatly the embryonic development. Individual specific MTHFR 677C/T and 1298A/C mutations are known as risk factors for predisposition to human disorders. Therefore, we studied the frequencies of the MTHFR 677CT and 1298AC mutations in a female general population from Iranian Azeri Turkish. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 108 unrelated women from Iranian Azeri Turkish general population. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard procedure. The MTHFR 677CT and 1298AC mutations determined by PCR-RFLP method. OUTCOMES The frequencies (percent) at position 677 for C and T alleles were 159(74%), 57(26%), and for CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 59(54.6%), 41(38%), and 8(7.41%) respectively. The frequencies (percent) at position 1298 for A and C alleles were 136(63%), 80(37%), and for AA, AC, and CC genotypes were 43(39.8%), 50(46.3%), and 15(13.9%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of MTHFR 677 C and T alleles were 0.74 and 0.26 while that of MTHFR 1298 A and C alleles were 0.63 and 0.37 in present study, respectively. This is the first report in its own kind in Iranian Azeri Turkish women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bagheri
- Department of Genetics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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