Jain S, Chowdhury V, Juneja M, Kabra M, Pandey S, Singh A, Bhattacharya M, Kapoor S. Intellectual disability in Indian children: experience with a stratified approach for etiological diagnosis.
Indian Pediatr 2013;
50:1125-30. [PMID:
23798638 DOI:
10.1007/s13312-013-0306-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To study the clinico-etiological profile of children with intellectual disability using an algorithmic approach.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Tertiary care centre in Northern India.
PARTICIPANTS
Consecutive children aged 3 months to 12 years, presenting with intellectual disability, confirmed by Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants, Binet Kulshreshtha Test and Vineland Social Maturity Scale.
METHODS
All children were assessed on an internally validated structured proforma. A targeted approach included thyroid function tests, Brainstem evoked response audiometry, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging and metabolic screen done as a pre-decided schema. Genetic tests included karyotyping, molecular studies for Fragile X, Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation.
RESULTS
Data of 101 children (median age 22 months) was analyzed. The etiological yield was 82.1% with genetic causes being the most common (61.4%) followed by perinatal acquired (20.4%), CNS malformations (12%), external prenatal (3.6%), and postnatal acquired (2.4%). Mild delay was seen in 11.7%, moderate in 21.7%, severe in 30.6% and profound in 35.6%
CONCLUSIONS
It is possible to ascertain the diagnosis in most of the cases of intellectual disability using a judicious and sequential battery of tests.
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