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Rezaei-Tazangi F, Forutan Mirhosseini A, Fathi A, Roghani-Shahraki H, Arefnezhad R, Vasei F. Herbal and nano-based herbal medicine: New insights into their therapeutic aspects against periodontitis. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:430-454. [PMID: 38952769 PMCID: PMC11179182 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective Periodontitis is a type of prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder resulting in a failure in the function of tissues supporting the tooth, like gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. Although antibiotic therapy is a common therapy for periodontitis cases, this approach can cause some adverse effects in these patients. Thus, finding an effective curative option with low side effects is still a puzzle. Materials and Methods This narrative review was conducted on the effects of herbal and nano-based herbal medicine against periodontitis by searching different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scientific Information Databases. Results According to published studies, some popular herbal formulations, such as Aloe vera, curcumin, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can be effective in periodontitis treatment. However, these herbal products may be accompanied by some pharmacological limitations, such as poor bioavailability, instability, and weak water solubility. On the other hand, harnessing nano-based herbal formulations can elevate the bioavailability, diminish toxicity, and omit repeated administration of drugs. Conclusion Herbal and nano-based herbal products can create a good chance to treat periodontitis efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa Univerity of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Fathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fateme Vasei
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gawish AS, ElMofty MS, Jambi S, Felemban D, Ragheb YS, Elsayed SA. Phytotherapy in periodontics as an effective and sustainable supplemental treatment: a narrative review. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 54:54.e1. [PMID: 38290997 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2301420071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontal disease is a chronic condition caused by microbial infection and mediated by the host's immune response. Phytotherapy is a therapeutic approach that utilizes a renewable resource capable of supplying less expensive medicines for the world's growing population. This review aimed to present clinical evidence on the use of complementary medicinal herbs in the treatment of periodontal diseases. METHODS Different databases were searched using the terms "herbal" and "periodontitis." All included studies were examined with a focus on herbal indications, type, and prescription length. Dentists' therapeutic and prophylactic herbal prescribing habits were also assessed. RESULTS Various herbs such as turmeric, neem, aloe-vera, pomegranate, catechu, tulsi, cloves, lemon grass, green tea, tea tree oil, peppermint, garlic, pineapple, oak bark, babul, bakul, sage, coriander, moringa, amla, guava, and grape seed extract have been used in the treatment of periodontitis. These herbs have been reported to exhibit a range of therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiplaque, antihalitosis, antiresorptive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. These components can be utilized in various forms such as mouth rinse, gel, oil, toothpaste, aqueous extract, mouthwash, or tooth powder. CONCLUSIONS Several readily available herbal formulations are now available on the market and have been shown to be effective as supplemental periodontal phytotherapy. However, these should be used under the supervision of a dental professional to ensure optimal benefits and effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of suggested herbal prescription practices among dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Saad Gawish
- Dean of Postgraduate Faculty, Sinai University, El Arish Branch, El Arish, Egypt
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Sherif ElMofty
- Community Service and Environmental Development, Faculty of Dentistry, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Jambi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Felemban
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shadia Abdelhameed Elsayed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
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Gegout PY, Stutz C, Huck O. Gels as adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17789. [PMID: 37455970 PMCID: PMC10345361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of the use of available drugs loaded gels used as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods Systematic research on PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases up to December 2021 was performed. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) which compared the outcomes of scaling and root planing (SRP) + local adjuvant administration (gel) versus SRP + placebo or SRP alone in Humans were included. The primary outcome measures were PPD and CAL changes at 3 months. Results After articles screening, 77 articles were included and assessed for quality. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted in studies with at least 3 months of follow-up. Clinical improvements were found to be significant for tetracyclines (-0.51 [-0.71;-0.31] p < 0.001), macrolides (-0.71 [-1.04;-0.38] p < 0.001), statins (-0.84 [-0.98;-0.70] p < 0.001), metformin (-1.47 [-1.66;-1.29] p < 0.001) and hyaluronan (-1.61 [-2.28;-0.94] p < 0.001) loaded gels, but non-significant for chlorhexidine (-0.48 [-1.10; 0.14] p = 0.13), metronidazole (-0.50 [-1.20; 0.20] p = 0.16) and bisphosphonates (-0.42 [-1.39; 0.54] p = 0.539) gels. Conclusion Adjunctive use of drugs loaded gels to non-surgical periodondal treatment could improve PPD reduction at 3 months. However, huge disparities remain when comparing the outcomes of the differents drugs used. Future comparative studies should be considered to determine precisely short and long term benefits of such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Gegout
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Periodontology, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Stutz
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Periodontology, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
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Kairey L, Agnew T, Bowles EJ, Barkla BJ, Wardle J, Lauche R. Efficacy and safety of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil for human health-A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1116077. [PMID: 37033604 PMCID: PMC10080088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Leaves of the Australian tea tree plant Melaleuca alternifolia were used traditionally by First Nations Australians for treating wounds, burns, and insect bites. Tea tree oil, the essential oil steam-distilled from M. alternifolia, is well-known for its medicinal properties, the evidence for most applications however is limited. This review aimed to critically appraise evidence from clinical trials examining the therapeutic efficacy and safety of tea tree oil on outcomes. Methods: Randomized controlled trials with participants of any age, gender, or health status, comparing tea tree oil to any control were included, without limit on publication date. Electronic databases were searched on 12 August 2022 with additional records sourced from article reference sections, reviews, and industry white papers. Risk of bias was assessed by two authors independently using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 1.0 tool. Results were summarized and synthesized thematically. Results: Forty-six articles were eligible from the following medical fields (Dentistry n = 18, Dermatology n = 9, Infectious disease n = 9, Ophthalmology n = 6, Podiatry n = 3; and Other n = 1). Results indicate that oral mouthwashes with 0.2%-0.5% tea tree oil may limit accumulation of dental plaque. Gels containing 5% tea tree oil applied directly to the periodontium may aid treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing. More evidence is needed to confirm the benefits of tea tree oil for reducing acne lesions and severity. Local anti-inflammatory effects on skin, if any, also require further elucidation. Topical tea tree oil regimens show similar efficacy to standard treatments for decolonizing the body from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, although intra-nasal use of tea tree oil may cause irritation to mucous membranes. Tea tree oil with added iodine may provide an effective treatment for molluscum contagiosum lesions in young children. More evidence on efficacy of tea tree oil-based eyelid wipes for Demodex mite control are needed. Side effects were reported in 60% of included studies and were minor, except where tea tree oil was applied topically in concentrations ≥ 25%. Discussion: Overall, the quality of research was poor to modest and higher quality trials with larger samples and better reporting are required to substantiate potential therapeutic applications of tea tree oil. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42021285168].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kairey
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Agnew
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Esther Joy Bowles
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Jon Wardle
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Romy Lauche,
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Rani N, Singla RK, Narwal S, Tanushree, Kumar N, Rahman MM. Medicinal Plants Used as an Alternative to Treat Gingivitis and Periodontitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2327641. [PMID: 37941972 PMCID: PMC10630018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2327641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For various ailments, natural remedies have been traditionally used. To defend against common disorders, medicinal plants are progressively used as nutritional supplements. Gingivitis and periodontitis are widespread and can affect most of the world's population. Gingivitis is a very common, nondestructive inflammatory disease of gums that causes redness and irritation of the gingiva (gums), but periodontitis causes permanent damage to teeth' subsidiary structures. Herbal medicines are getting popular for the treatment of such types of disorders due to being economical with their medicinal effectiveness, compatibility, and nontoxicity. Traditional chemical therapies can cause cell toxicity along with their disease-curing effects. In this article, we discussed the medicinal plants that can be used as an alternative for the treatment of gingivitis (early-stage gum disease) and periodontitis (chronic-stage gum disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonia Narwal
- Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pattikaliyana, Panipat, HR, India
| | - Tanushree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, HR, India
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Singh N, Puzhankara L, Kedlaya MN, Ramanarayanan V. Effectiveness of tea tree oil versus chlorhexidine in the treatment of periodontal diseases: a systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2022:10.1038/s41432-022-0259-6. [PMID: 35821403 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Plaque biofilm that adheres to tooth surfaces and gingiva is the main aetiology of periodontitis. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered as a gold standard anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent but it has side effects such as permanent staining of teeth and dysgeusia. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia. Many studies have reported that TTO exerts strong antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.Primary study objective The review aims to answer the question of whether TTO (intervention) is a viable alternative to CHX (comparator) for the management of gingival and periodontal disease (outcomes) in adolescents and adults (population).Methods/design The following search terms were used in PubMed, Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, EBSCO (dentistry and open access), Cochrane database, Clinical.gov.org and ctri.nic.in to search for relevant articles: patients with periodontal disease; OR periodontitis; OR gingivitis; OR gingival inflammation; AND essential oil; OR tea tree oil; OR Melaleuca alternifolia; AND chlorhexidine; AND reduction in gingival index; OR reduction in plaque index; OR reduction in bleeding from gums. The initial check for the title and abstract screening followed by removal of duplicates in Mendeley Reference Manager (version 1.19.4) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were performed.Primary outcome measures Parameters such as plaque index (PI), plaque surface score, gingival index (GI), bleeding index or bleeding as measured by % of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) or bleeding scores, papillary bleeding index (PBI), were the primary outcomes considered.Results TTO is found to be superior to CHX in reducing signs of gingival inflammation; however, CHX is superior to TTO in inhibiting plaque formation, probably due to its increased substantivity.Conclusion TTO may be used as an alternative to CHX for reduction of gingival inflammation in conjunction with efficient plaque control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071061. [PMID: 34209152 PMCID: PMC8300643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person's health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions.
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Taalab MR, Mahmoud SA, Moslemany RME, Abdelaziz DM. Intrapocket application of tea tree oil gel in the treatment of stage 2 periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 33952216 PMCID: PMC8101226 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard in treatment of periodontitis is mechanical removing of dental biofilm but using local delivery drugs as adjunctive to SRP is widely used to modulate inflammatory host and eradicate microbes. Tea tree oil (TTO) has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant effect. This study aimed to assess clinically and biochemically the effect of intrapocket application of TTO (Melaleuca alternifolia) gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of stage 2 (moderate) periodontitis and to correlate the biochemical levels with clinical response. METHODS A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients with stage 2 periodontitis. Patients were equally divided into two groups: Control Group treated with (SRP) alone and Test Group treated with SRP and locally delivered 5% TTO gel. Clinical assessment included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. The level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was also assessed at baseline and after1, 3 and 6 months by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Chi-square, Student t- tests, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were the statistical tests used in the study. RESULTS An improvement of all clinical and biochemical parameters was observed (at p < 0.001) in both groups. A significant difference between the two groups was found in both clinical and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION The local delivery of TTO gel adjunctive to SRP proved to be effective in the treatment of stage II periodontitis. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT04769271, on 24/2/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha R. Taalab
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
| | - Sabah Abdelhady Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Riham M. El Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dania M. Abdelaziz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St. Azarita, Alexandria, 21521 Egypt
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Manohar Sharma H, Deepika PC, Venkatesh MP, Chandan S, Shashikumar P. Efficacy of 3% Psidium guajava local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Int Oral Health 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_249_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Johansen B, Duval RE, Sergere JC. Antimicrobial Spectrum of Titroleane™: A New Potent Anti-Infective Agent. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E391. [PMID: 32650521 PMCID: PMC7400619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea Tree oil (TTO) is well known for its numerous good properties but might be also irritating or toxic when used topically or ingested, thus limiting the number of possible applications in Humans. The aim of the study was to characterize the antimicrobial spectrum as well as the toxicity of Titroleane™, a new anti-infective agent obtained from TTO but cleared of its toxic monoterpenes part. The susceptibility to Titroleane™ of various pathogens (bacteria and fungi) encountered in animal and human health was studied in comparison with that of TTO. Antimicrobial screening was carried out using the broth microdilution method. Activities against aerobic, anaerobic, fastidious and non-fastidious microorganisms were performed. For all microorganisms tested, the MIC values for Titroleane™ ranged from 0.08% to 2.5%, except for Campylobacter jejuni, and Aspergillus niger. In particular, Titroleane™ showed good efficacy against skin and soft tissue infection pathogens, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), intra-abdominal infections and oral pathogens, as well as fish farming pathogens. Toxicity testing showed little and similar cytotoxicities between TTO and Titroleane™ of 37% and 23%, respectively at a concentration of 0.025% (v/v). Finally, we demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of Titroleane™ is similar to that of TTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Johansen
- SETUBIO SA, Bioparc Vichy, F-03270 Hauterive, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Antioxidants as Adjuvants in Periodontitis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9187978. [PMID: 31428231 PMCID: PMC6679881 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9187978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidants as an adjuvant in periodontitis treatment. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Lilacs, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. Based on the PICO strategy, the inclusion criteria comprised interventional studies including periodontitis patients (participants) treated with conventional therapy and antioxidants (intervention) compared to patients treated only with conventional therapy (control) where the periodontal response (outcome) was evaluated. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB tool (for randomized studies) and ROBINS-I tool (for nonrandomized studies). Quantitative data were analyzed in five random effects meta-analyses considering the following periodontal parameters: clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD). After all, the level of certainty was measured with the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Among the 1884 studies identified, only 15 interventional studies were according to the eligibility criteria and they were included in our review. From them, 4 articles presented a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (SMD 0.29 (0.04, 0.55), p = 0.03, I 2 = 13%), PI (SMD 0.41 (0.18, 0.64), p = 0.0005, I 2 = 47%), and BOP (SMD 0.55 (0.27, 0.83), p = 0.0001, I 2 = 0%). The GRADE tool showed a moderate to high certainty in the quality of evidence depending on the clinical parameter and antioxidants used. These results suggest that the use of antioxidants is an adjunct approach to nonsurgical periodontal therapy which may be helpful in controlling the periodontal status.
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CASARIN M, PAZINATTO J, OLIVEIRA LM, SOUZA MED, SANTOS RCV, ZANATTA FB. Anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory effect of a herbal nanoparticle mouthwash: a randomized crossover trial. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e062. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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13
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Casarin M, Pazinatto J, Santos RCV, Zanatta FB. Melaleuca alternifolia and its application against dental plaque and periodontal diseases: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2017; 32:230-242. [PMID: 29235165 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a systematic review of clinical and laboratory studies evaluating the effect of Melaleuca alternifolia on periodontopathogens, dental plaque, gingivitis, periodontitis, and inflammatory responses. The PubMed, Cochrane, Web of science, Bireme, Lilacs, Prospero, Open Grey, and Clinical Trials databases were searched to identify potentially eligible studies through October 2016. Of 1,654 potentially eligible studies, 25 were included in the systematic review. Their methodology was evaluated through the Cochrane Handbook for clinical studies and the GRADE system for in vivo/in vitro studies. Although clinical studies must be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations, laboratory studies have found promising results. In vitro evidences showed that M. alternifolia has bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against the most prevalent periodontopathogens. Clinical studies found comparable effects to chlorhexidine 0.12% in reducing gingival inflammation, although the antiplaque effect was lower. M. alternifolia also showed antioxidant properties, which are beneficial to the host, allied to the reduction on immune-inflammatory responses to pathogens. This systematic review suggests that the M. alternifolia has potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can be easily applied to the periodontal tissues. However, further clinical trials are needed to elucidate the clinical relevance of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Casarin
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Josiele Pazinatto
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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de Souza ME, Clerici DJ, Verdi CM, Fleck G, Quatrin PM, Spat LE, Bonez PC, Santos CFD, Antoniazzi RP, Zanatta FB, Gundel A, Martinez DST, de Almeida Vaucher R, Santos RCV. Antimicrobial activity of Melaleuca alternifolia nanoparticles in polymicrobial biofilm in situ. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:432-437. [PMID: 29162482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms represent a challenge in the treatment of infections, due to the low efficacy of the antimicrobials. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles of Melaleuca alternifolia (TTO) in dental biofilm. Thirty-eight volunteers used an oral device in situ in situ including four bovine enamel specimens for 07 days. From the fifth day four solutions were applied randomly for each specimen: Physiological Saline Solution (0.85% NaCl) (C+), Chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX), M. alternifolia oil 0.3% (TTO), and a nanoparticle solution of 0.3% M. alternifolia oil (NPTTO). The nanoparticles of TTO were characterized for pH, IPD, medium size, zeta potential and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by viable microorganisms count and the structure of the biofilm by atomic force microscopy. The NPTTO presented pH 6.4, particle diameter of 197.9 ± 1 nm, polydispersion index of 0.242 ± 0.005, zeta potential of -7.12 mV and ±0:27 spherical shape. The C+ resulted in 100% of bacterial vitality, while CHX, TTO and NPTTO showed 34.2%, 51.4% and 25.8%, respectively. The AFM images showed biofilms with an average roughness of 350 nm for C+, 275 nm for CHX, 500 nm for TTO and 100 nm for NPTTO. The NPTTO demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity in the biofilm formed in situ and will possibly be used in future for the treatment/prevention of oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Ebling de Souza
- Laboratory of Microbiological Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Post Graduate Program of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Dariane Jornada Clerici
- Laboratory of Microbiological Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Post Graduate Program of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Camila Marina Verdi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fleck
- Department of Odontology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Maciel Quatrin
- Laboratory of Microbiological Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Post Graduate Program of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luana Ebling Spat
- Department of Odontology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Pauline Cordenonsi Bonez
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Gundel
- Physic School - Federal University of Pampa - Bagé - RS - Brazil, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher
- Laboratory of Microbiological Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Post Graduate Program of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Post Graduate Program of Nanosciences, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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15
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Sharifi-Rad J, Salehi B, Varoni EM, Sharopov F, Yousaf Z, Ayatollahi SA, Kobarfard F, Sharifi-Rad M, Afdjei MH, Sharifi-Rad M, Iriti M. Plants of the Melaleuca Genus as Antimicrobial Agents: From Farm to Pharmacy. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1475-1494. [PMID: 28782167 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plants belonging to Melaleuca genus (Myrtaceae family) are native to Oceania, where they have been used for ages by Aborigine people in Australian traditional medicine, mainly because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Although, M. linariifolia, M. dissitiflora, and other species of Melaleuca can also be used, the tea tree oil, an essential oil obtained from M. alternifolia shows the longest history of medicinal uses. Tea tree oil contains for the 80-90% several monoterpenes (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineol, p-cymene, α-terpineol, α-pinene, terpinolene, limonene, and sabinene). Sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds further compose this oil. The essential oil of Melaleuca spp. has been reported to possess effective antibacterial and antifungal properties in vitro. In particular, data show that 1,8-cineol, terpinen-4-ol and methyl eugenol play the key role in mediating this oil's antimicrobial activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1/3, Milan, 20142, Italy
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, 734003, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, 61663-335, Iran
| | | | - Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
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16
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Raut CP, Sethi KS. Comparative evaluation of co-enzyme Q10 and Melaleuca alternifolia as antioxidant gels in treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical study. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:377-81. [PMID: 27630504 PMCID: PMC5004553 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.188572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis. Coenzyme Q10 and tea tree oil (TTO) are known to have potential therapeutic benefits in chronic periodontitis. Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (Perio Q®) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Patients were divided equally into three groups: Group I (Control group): those receiving placebo gel + SRP, Group II (Test group I): those receiving Perio QTM gel + SRP, and Group III (Test group II): those receiving tea tree oil gel + SRP. A total of 15 patients with 45 sites were enrolled in the study. Clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test was applied using SPSS software. Results: Mean PPD reduction for Group I, Group II, and Group III was 0.50 ± 0.2, 2.95 ± 0.20, and 2.09 ± 0.15, respectively. Mean CAL reduction for Group I, Group II, and Group III was 0.45 ± 0.22, 2.33 ± 0.04, and 2.28 ± 0.09, respectively. Changes in mean PI scores for Group I, Group II, and Group III were 0.67 ± 017, 1.00 ± 0.11, and 1.08 ± 0.05 and GBI scores were 0.92 ± 0.29, 1.08 ± 0.13, and 0.88 ± 0.28, respectively. Conclusions: Coenzyme Q10 and tea tree oil gel proved to be effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Purushottam Raut
- Department of Periodontology, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kunal S Sethi
- Department of Periodontology, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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