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Chiba N, Tada R, Ohnishi T, Matsuguchi T. TLR4/7-mediated host-defense responses of gingival epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30576. [PMID: 38726711 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial cells (GECs) are physical and immunological barriers against outward pathogens while coping with a plethora of non-pathogenic commensal bacteria. GECs express several members of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and control subsequent innate immune responses. TLR4 senses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while TLR7/8 recognizes single-strand RNA (ssRNA) playing important roles against viral infection. However, their distinct roles in GECs have not been fully demonstrated. Here, we analyzed biological responses of GECs to LPS and CL075, a TLR7/8 agonist. GE1, a mouse gingival epithelial cell line, constitutively express TLR4 and TLR7, but not TLR8, like primary skin keratinocytes. Stimulation of GE1 cells with CL075 induced cytokine, chemokine, and antimicrobial peptide expressions, the pattern of which is rather different from that with LPS: higher mRNA levels of interferon (IFN) β, CXCL10, and β-defensin (BD) 14 (mouse homolog of human BD3); lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CCL5, CCL11, CCL20, CXCL2, and CX3CL1. As for the intracellular signal transduction of GE1 cells, CL075 rapidly induced significant AKT phosphorylation but failed to activate IKKα/β-NFκB pathway, whereas LPS induced marked IKKα/β-NFκB activation without significant AKT phosphorylation. In contrast, both CL075 and LPS induced rapid IKKα/β-NFκB activation and AKT phosphorylation in a macrophage cell line. Furthermore, specific inhibition of AKT activity abrogated CL075-induced IFNβ, CXCL10, and BD14 mRNA expression in GE1 cells. Thus, TLR4/7 ligands appear to induce rather different host-defense responses of GECs through distinct intracellular signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Chiba
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tada
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Zargaran M, Azizi Jalilian F. Investigation of the Relationship between Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oral Health. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2022; 23:65-71. [PMID: 35291678 PMCID: PMC8918643 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2021.88551.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Oral health status has been suggested as one of the possible risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (OHPV) infection. There is inconsistent evidence concerning its relationship with the presence of OHPV. Purpose This study aimed to compare oral health status between two groups of patients with and without OHPV infection. Materials and Method This cross-sectional study was performed on 272 oral rinse samples, collected from our previous study population. After signing the written informed consents, the oral examination was performed to determine some clinical parameters of oral health status including periodontal disease status, oral hygiene status, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) of participants. Next, viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and HPV genotyping tests were performed on the samples. Results OHPV DNA was detected in a total 31 (11.40%) samples that were considered as OHPV+ group. None of the determined clinical parameters of oral health status was significantly different between OHPV+ and OHPV DNA negative (OHPV-) groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion The findings of the current study did not indicate a significant association between oral health status and OHPV. Further studies with larger sample size are recommended to reach a definite conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Zargaran
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Dept. of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Research suggests that periodontal tissue might serve as a reservoir for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, while another hypothesis is that chronic inflammation of the tissue might perpetuate an infection with oral HPV infection. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence related to a potential association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis. Recent Findings Twelve articles were identified, and their key findings summarized. Studies vary in sample size, study population, study design, and methods for assessment of oral HPV and periodontitis. Although results are conflicting and still inconclusive, various studies have found an association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis, which is supported by biological plausibility. Summary Future longitudinal studies should further evaluate this association, using clinical definitions of oral HPV infection and periodontitis, and focusing on high-risk populations for oral HPV infection. Studying this association is important since periodontitis might help identify at-risk individuals for oral HPV infection and potentially HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers.
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Ortiz AP, González D, Vivaldi-Oliver J, Castañeda M, Rivera V, Díaz E, Centeno H, Muñoz C, Palefsky J, Joshipura K, Pérez CM. Periodontitis and oral human papillomavirus infection among Hispanic adults. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 5:128-133. [PMID: 29555599 PMCID: PMC5886954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on the association between periodontitis and oral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is inconsistent. The cross-sectional association of severe periodontitis with oral HPV infection was investigated in a sample of Hispanic adults. METHODS Data from the 2014-2016 San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (n = 740) was analyzed. Periodontitis assessment and self-collection of oral HPV samples followed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology. Periodontitis was defined using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS 5.7% of participants had oral HPV infection and 20.3% had severe periodontitis. Adults with severe periodontitis had higher odds of oral HPV infection than those with none/mild disease (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.0-8.4, p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Adults with clinical attachment loss≥ 7 mm and pocket depth PD≥ 6 mm had 2- to 3-fold higher odds of HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontitis was positively associated to oral HPV infection. Longitudinal evaluation of periodontal inflammation's role in acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection is needed, as periodontitis screening could identify individuals at increased risk of HPV-related oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patricia Ortiz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, 00936-5067 San Juan, Puerto Rico; Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
| | - Daisy González
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, 00936-5067 San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - José Vivaldi-Oliver
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maira Castañeda
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, 00936-5067 San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vivian Rivera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, 00936-5067 San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Elba Díaz
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Hilmaris Centeno
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, 00936-5067 San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cristina Muñoz
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Joel Palefsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), United States
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cynthia M Pérez
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Shigeishi H, Sugiyama M, Ohta K, Yokoyama S, Sakuma M, Murozumi H, Kato H, Takechi M. High HPV16 E6 viral load in the oral cavity is associated with an increased number of bacteria: A preliminary study. Biomed Rep 2017; 8:59-64. [PMID: 29399339 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, the present research group reported that males had a significantly higher prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 than females in oral rinse samples. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between HPV16 viral load and clinical factors, including remaining teeth, denture use and numbers of oral bacteria. A total of 124 patients (48 males and 76 females; mean age, 61.6 years; age range, 20-97 years) who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery of Hiroshima University Hospital (Hiroshima, Japan) between November 2016 and August 2017 were analyzed. None of the patients had evidence of oral cancer or pre-malignant lesions, including epithelial dysplasia and leukoplakia. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was employed to examine the number of HPV16 viral copies. Furthermore, the number of oral bacteria was determined using the dielectrophoretic impedance measurement method. HPV16 was below the limit of detection in qPCR findings for samples obtained from 30 of the 124 subjects, thus the association of HPV16 viral copy number with clinical parameters was examined in the remaining 94 patients. The average number of HPV16 E6 DNA copies was 1.65±3.47 copies/cell (range, 0.07-25.3 copies/cell) and was significantly higher in subjects with a high oral bacteria count [≥106.5 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml] than in those with a low count (<106.5 CFU/ml) (0.79±0.98 vs. 2.06±4.11 copies/cell; P=0.030). The present results indicated that HPV16 viral load may be related to an increased bacterial number in the oral cavity. Further investigations are required to clarify the correlation between oral HPV load and oral hygiene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sho Yokoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murozumi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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