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Mohamed-Ali SF, Jasim AA, Mahmood MAK, Mohsin MM. The Efficacy of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis Herbal Mouthwash on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed Clinically and with Photometric CIELab Analysis: An In Vivo Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:918-924. [PMID: 39372348 PMCID: PMC11451873 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Children are more prone to develop gingivitis as a result of deficient oral hygiene, morphological variance, and a diet that encourages the growth of pathogenic oral bacteria. Aim The purpose of this randomized, double-blind clinical study is to compare the therapeutic effect of an herbal mouthwash made of decoction and ethanolic extract of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. Materials and methods In this study, 60 patients aged between 8 and 10 years were divided into four groups, each with 15 patients. The first group was treated with a mouthwash made of ethanolic herbal extract, the second group was treated with a mouthwash made of herbal decoction, the third group was treated with CHX mouthwash (0.12%) (positive control), and the fourth group was treated with a placebo made with colored distilled water (negative control). Clinical parameters gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were evaluated at the start, 1, and 2 weeks from ensuing the treatment. Preoperative and postoperative photographs of the maxillary anterior sextant were recorded to evaluate CIELab coordinates to monitor color changes. Statistical analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests were used for data assessment. Results Significant reductions in GI and PI were found among the tested groups (p < 0.05). A significant reduction in a* value was observed, while L* value showed a significant increase between baseline and posttreatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion Herbal-based mouthwash of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis, whether prepared by boiling or ethanolic extraction, reduced gingival inflammation significantly and has a lot of potential for treating and preventing periodontal disease in young children. Digital photography is a reliable supplementary approach for diagnosing and monitoring gingival inflammation in pediatric patients. How to cite this article Mohamed-Ali SF, Jasim AA, Mahmood MAK, et al. The Efficacy of Populus euphratica and Myrtus communis Herbal Mouthwash on Gingivitis in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed Clinically and with Photometric CIELab Analysis: An In Vivo Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(8):918-924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah F Mohamed-Ali
- Department of Pediatric Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed A Jasim
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maha AK Mahmood
- Department of Pediatric Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriya University, Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mafaz M Mohsin
- Department of Pediatric Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Bayan University, Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq
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Krishnan N, Manresa-Cumarin K, Klabak J, Krupa G, Gudsoorkar P. Assessing the impact of oral health disease on quality of life in Ecuador: a mixed-methods study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1431726. [PMID: 39092199 PMCID: PMC11291228 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1431726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, oral health diseases surpass all other non-communicable diseases in prevalence; however, they are not well studied in underserved regions, where accessibility to dental services and oral health education is disparately worse. In Ecuador, further research is needed to understand such disparities better. We aimed to assess the effect of oral health disease on individuals' quality of life and how social disparities and cultural beliefs shape this. Methods Individuals 18 or older receiving care at mobile or worksite clinics from May to October 2023 were included. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures, and extra-oral photographs (EOP). Results The sample (n = 528) included mostly females (56.25%) with a mean age of 34.4 ± 9.44. Most participants (88.26%) reported brushing at least twice daily, and less than 5% reported flossing at least once per day. The median OHRQoL score was 4 (min-max), significantly higher among individuals ≥40 years old, holding high school degrees, or not brushing or flossing regularly (p < 0.05). Identified barriers to good oral health included affordability, time, and forgetfulness. Participants not receiving care with a consistent provider reported fear as an additional barrier. Participants receiving worksite dental services reported these barriers to be alleviated. Dental providers were the primary source of oral hygiene education. Most participants reported oral health concerns, most commonly pain, decay, dysphagia, and halitosis - consistent with EOP analysis. Discussion Findings underscore a need for multi-level interventions to advance oral health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Krishnan
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karem Manresa-Cumarin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
- Solidarity Dental Foundation, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Greg Krupa
- Solidarity Dental Foundation, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Priyanka Gudsoorkar
- Solidarity Dental Foundation, Quito, Ecuador
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Zhang W, Chen L, Feng H, Wang J, Zeng F, Xiao X, Jian J, Wang N, Pang H. Functional characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus T3SS regulator ExsA and evaluation of its mutant as a live attenuated vaccine candidate in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) model. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:938822. [PMID: 37265802 PMCID: PMC10230115 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.938822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus, a Gram-negative bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen of both marine animals and humans, resulting in significant losses in the aquaculture industry. Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a crucial virulence mechanism of V. alginolyticus. In this study, the T3SS regulatory gene exsA, which was cloned from V. alginolyticus wild-type strain HY9901, is 861 bp encoding a protein of 286 amino acids. The ΔexsA was constructed by homologous recombination and Overlap-PCR. Although there was no difference in growth between HY9901 and ΔexsA, the ΔexsA exhibited significantly decreased extracellular protease activity and biofilm formation. Besides, the ΔexsA showed a weakened swarming phenotype and an ~100-fold decrease in virulence to zebrafish. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed the HY9901ΔexsA was more sensitive to kanamycin, minocycline, tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycycline and neomycin. Compared to HY9901 there were 541 up-regulated genes and 663 down-regulated genes in ΔexsA, screened by transcriptome sequencing. qRT-PCR and β-galactosidase reporter assays were used to analyze the transcription levels of hop gene revealing that exsA gene could facilitate the expression of hop gene. Finally, Danio rerio, vaccinated with ΔexsA through intramuscular injection, induced a relative percent survival (RPS) value of 66.7% after challenging with HY9901 wild type strain. qRT-PCR assays showed that vaccination with ΔexsA increased the expression of immune-related genes, including GATA-1, IL6, IgM, and TNF-α in zebrafish. In summary, these results demonstrate the importance of exsA in V. alginolyticus and provide a basis for further investigations into the virulence and infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liangchuan Chen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haiyun Feng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zeng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
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Holloway DJA, West PNX. A pilot study to evaluate the impact of digital imaging on the delivery of oral hygiene instruction. J Dent 2022; 118:104053. [PMID: 35114331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether personalised Oral Hygiene Advice (OHA) using an intra-oral-camera (IOC) combined with standard OHA as provided in general dental practice reduces plaque levels after 4 weeks more than the provision of standard OHA. MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 healthy adult participants diagnosed with gingivitis took part in this pilot parallel-designed, randomised, examiner-blind, 2xtreatment, study regarding their home-care oral hygiene habits and attitudes to oral health. An IOC-image was taken and plaque, gingival and bleeding scores were recorded. Test group participants received standard OHA with IOC-images to indicate areas for improvement, control group participants received standard OHA. Questionnaires and plaque, gingival and bleeding scores were repeated after 4 weeks. Plaque was scored from the IOC-images and scores compared to clinical plaque scores. RESULTS Lifestyle habits, attitudes to oral health, plaque (0.63vs0.61, control vs test) and bleeding scores (1.17vs0.96, control vs test) were similar at baseline. After 4-weeks, plaque scores improved more in test as compared to control group (39.4vs20.6%, p<0.05, while gingival and bleeding scores approached significance. There was no difference in lifestyle habits between groups, but the test group reported significantly greater confidence in adhering to their bespoke oral health plan. Agreement between the clinical and IOC plaque scores was good. CONCLUSIONS Use of IOC further personalises the prevailing standard of oral hygiene advice and generates great patient engagement with pictorial reports to facilitate a more in-depth patient explanation of their gingival health, resulting in significant plaque reduction and improved gingival health compared to the standard OHA alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinically significant improved plaque control can be achieved by individuals with mild-moderate gingivitis following one episode of personalised tailored IOC OHA combined with the standard of OHA provided in the general dental services compared to only the latter. IOC better engages patients and facilitates remote index scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Jessica A Holloway
- Restorative Dentistry (Periodontology), University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street BRISTOL BS12LY, United Kingdom
| | - Professor Nicola X West
- Restorative Dentistry (Periodontology), University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street BRISTOL BS12LY, United Kingdom.
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Mariakakis A, Karkar R, Patel SN, Kientz JA, Fogarty J, Munson SA. Using Health Concept Surveying to Elicit Usable Evidence: Case Studies of a Novel Evaluation Methodology. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e30474. [PMID: 34982038 PMCID: PMC8764610 DOI: 10.2196/30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developers, designers, and researchers use rapid prototyping methods to project the adoption and acceptability of their health intervention technology (HIT) before the technology becomes mature enough to be deployed. Although these methods are useful for gathering feedback that advances the development of HITs, they rarely provide usable evidence that can contribute to our broader understanding of HITs. OBJECTIVE In this research, we aim to develop and demonstrate a variation of vignette testing that supports developers and designers in evaluating early-stage HIT designs while generating usable evidence for the broader research community. METHODS We proposed a method called health concept surveying for untangling the causal relationships that people develop around conceptual HITs. In health concept surveying, investigators gather reactions to design concepts through a scenario-based survey instrument. As the investigator manipulates characteristics related to their HIT, the survey instrument also measures proximal cognitive factors according to a health behavior change model to project how HIT design decisions may affect the adoption and acceptability of an HIT. Responses to the survey instrument were analyzed using path analysis to untangle the causal effects of these factors on the outcome variables. RESULTS We demonstrated health concept surveying in 3 case studies of sensor-based health-screening apps. Our first study (N=54) showed that a wait time incentive could influence more people to go see a dermatologist after a positive test for skin cancer. Our second study (N=54), evaluating a similar application design, showed that although visual explanations of algorithmic decisions could increase participant trust in negative test results, the trust would not have been enough to affect people's decision-making. Our third study (N=263) showed that people might prioritize test specificity or sensitivity depending on the nature of the medical condition. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the findings from our 3 case studies, our research uses the framing of the Health Belief Model to elicit and understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may affect the adoption and acceptability of an HIT without having to build a working prototype. We have made our survey instrument publicly available so that others can leverage it for their own investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mariakakis
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ravi Karkar
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shwetak N Patel
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie A Kientz
- Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James Fogarty
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sean A Munson
- Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Quantitative Assessment of Gingival Inflammation in Patients Undergoing Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Using Photometric CIELab Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Visual inspection and gingival indices have been traditionally used for diagnosis of gingival inflammation. These methods are prone for subjective variability. Thus, the study is aimed at evaluating gingival inflammation quantitatively by using CIELab colour space value obtained from digital photographs. An experimental study was conducted with 27 patients each in group A (gingivitis) and group B (chronic periodontitis, CP). Preoperative and postoperative (1 month) photographs of maxillary anterior sextant were recorded to evaluate CIELab coordinate values. Simultaneously, clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) along with indices such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were evaluated before and after the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Data was presented as the
, and a paired
-test was used for the testing hypothesis with
considered as significant. Data analysis was carried out with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. A significant reduction (
) is seen in all the clinical parameters and indices before and after the intervention in chronic periodontitis patients. Similar results were seen in gingivitis patients (
) except for PPD. A significant (
) reduction in postoperative values of the
and
coordinates was seen in CP patients; whereas, only the
coordinate value reported a significant (
) reduction in the gingivitis group of patients. The
of the gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups was 2.25 and 2.96, respectively. Within the confinements of the study, estimating the gingival colour with the help of CIELab values taken via digital photographs can be an excellent valuable tool to assess the gingival colour as a sign of gingival inflammation.
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A proof of concept study to confirm the suitability of an intra oral scanner to record oral images for the non-invasive assessment of gingival inflammation. J Dent 2021; 105:103579. [PMID: 33417977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare gingival inflammation scores obtained chairside using the non-invasive modified gingival index (MGI) with MGI scores from an intraoral scan (IOS) captured at the clinical visit but viewed 10 days later. METHODS Single visit, anterior teeth, observational, proof of concept study in healthy adult participants with a spectrum of gingival inflammation. One investigator performed both clinical and intraoral scan MGI assessments, a second repeated the MGI evaluation from the IOS. RESULTS 23 participants aged 18-72 yielded data for 552 gingival sites. There was agreement at 90 % of sites comparing clinical with IOS MGI scores. The commonest disagreements were MGI grade 0 read as 1 and 2 read as 3, the highest single probability of error occurring where a clinical score of 0 was scored 1 from the IOS: 0.118 and 0.129 for examiners 1 and 2 respectively. The second most common probability of error occurred where an IOS score of 3 was scored clinically as 2: 0.089 and 0.097 for examiners 1 and 2 respectively. MGI scores from the scans were similar for both examiners (91 % agreement), with no discrepancies of greater than 1 scale point. There was very close agreement between clinical MGI and IOS colour/texture scores. CONCLUSION This study conclusively demonstrated that the MGI score from the scanned image was very similar to the MGI scored clinically. This study confirms that a digital IOS accurately captures gingival contour images allowing a clinician to determine health or degree of gingival inflammation from it using MGI scores. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study confirms that IOS images of teeth and soft tissues are sufficiently accurate to allow the clinical evaluation of health or inflammatory gingival status using non-invasive indices. IOS has great potential for efficient and accurate data capture, for general practice and research facilitating remote evaluation and data verification.
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Wang G, Le NM, Hu X, Cheng Y, Jacques SL, Subhash H, Wang RK. Semi-automated registration and segmentation for gingival tissue volume measurement on 3D OCT images. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4536-4547. [PMID: 32923062 PMCID: PMC7449737 DOI: 10.1364/boe.396599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The change in gingival tissue volume may be used to indicate changes in gingival inflammation, which may be useful for the clinical assessment of gingival health. Properly quantifying gingival tissue volume requires a robust technique for accurate registration and segmentation of longitudinally captured 3-dimensional (3D) images. In this paper, a semi-automated registration and segmentation method for micrometer resolution measurement of gingival-tissue volume is proposed for 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. For quantification, relative changes in gingiva tissue volume are measured based on changes in the gingiva surface height using the tooth surface as a reference. This report conducted repeatability tests on this method drawn from repeated scans in one patient, indicating an error of the point cloud registration method for oral OCT imaging is 63.08 ± 4.52µm (1σ), and the measurement error of the gingival tissue average thickness is -3.40 ± 21.85µm (1σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nhan Minh Le
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hrebesh Subhash
- Clinical Method Development - Oral Care,
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- University of Washington, Department of
Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S46-S73. [PMID: 29926936 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical gingival inflammation is a well-defined site-specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a "gingivitis site") is completely different from defining and grading a "gingivitis case" (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a "gingivitis site" does not necessarily mean a "GC". The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC. IMPORTANCE A universally accepted case definition for gingivitis would provide the necessary information to enable oral health professionals to assess the effectiveness of their prevention strategies and treatment regimens; help set priorities for therapeutic actions/programs by health care providers; and undertake surveillance. FINDINGS Based on available methods to assess gingival inflammation, GC could be simply, objectively and accurately identified and graded using bleeding on probing score (BOP%) CONCLUSIONS: A patient with intact periodontium would be diagnosed as a GC according to a BOP score ≥ 10%, further classified as localized (BOP score ≥ 10% and ≤30%) or generalized (BOP score > 30%). The proposed classification may also apply to patients with a reduced periodontium, where a GC would characterize a patient with attachment loss and BOP score ≥ 10%, but without BOP in any site probing ≥4 mm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cléverson O Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S44-S67. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Dimitris N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Shamseddine L, Majzoub Z. Relative Translucency of a Multilayered Ultratranslucent Zirconia Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1099-1106. [PMID: 29208782 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare the translucency parameter (TP) of ultratranslucent multilayered (UTML) zirconia according to thickness and layer level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectangles of UTML zirconia with four layers [dentin layer (DEL), first transitional layer (FTL), second transitional layer (STL), and enamel layer (ENL)] and four different thicknesses (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm) were milled from blanks. Digital images were taken in a dark studio against white and black backgrounds under simulated daylight illumination and international commission on illumination (CIE) Lab* color values recorded using Photoshop Creative Cloud software. The TP was computed and compared according to thickness and layer level using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS In each thickness, TP values were similar between any two layers. The significant effect of thickness on the TP was observed only in the first two layers. In the DEL, translucency was significantly greater at 0.4 mm than all other thicknesses. In the FTL, differences were significant between 0.4 and 0.8 mm and between 0.4 and 1 mm. CONCLUSION The investigated zirconia does not seem to show gradational changes in relative translucency from dentin to enamel levels regardless of the thickness used. Thickness affected the TP only in the first two layers with better translu-cency at 0.4 mm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Since relative translucency does not seem to be significantly different between layers, clinicians can modify the apicocoronal positioning of the UTML layers within the restoration according to the desired Chroma without any implications on the clinically perceived translucency. While the thickness of 0.4 mm may be suggested for anterior esthetic veneers because of its higher translucency, the other thicknesses of 0.6 to 1 mm can be used to mask colored abutments in full contour restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Shamseddine
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lebanese University, School of Dentistry, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +96170916424, e-mail:
| | - Zeina Majzoub
- Department of Periodontics, Lebanese University, School of Dentistry, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Rechmann P, Liou SW, Rechmann BMT, Featherstone JDB. Performance of a light fluorescence device for the detection of microbial plaque and gingival inflammation. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:151-9. [PMID: 25914048 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothesis to be tested was that using the SOPROCARE system in fluorescence perio-mode allows scoring of microbial plaque that is comparable to the Turesky modification of the Quigley Hein plaque index (T-QH) and scoring of gingival inflammation comparable to the Silness and Löe gingival inflammation index (GI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five subjects with various amounts of microbial plaque were recruited. The T-QH and GI index were recorded. SOPROCARE pictures were recorded in fluorescence perio-mode and in daylight mode. Finally, conventional digital photographs were taken. All pictures were assessed using the same criteria as described for the clinical indices. RESULTS The average T-QH was 1.1 ± 1.2 (mean ± SD). Scoring with SOPROCARE perio-mode led to a slightly higher average than the T-QH scores. SOPROCARE daylight mode and digital photography showed the highest plaque scores. The average GI index was 0.7 ± 0.9. SOPROCARE in perio-mode scored slightly lower. Linear regression fits between the different clinical indices and SOPROCARE scores were significantly different from zero demonstrating high goodness of fit. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the SOPROCARE fluorescence assessment tool in perio-mode allows reliable judgment of microbial plaque and gingival inflammation levels similar to the established Turesky-modified Quigley Hein index and the Silness and Löe gingival inflammation index. Training on plaque-free teeth will actually reduce scoring errors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The SOPROCARE fluorescence tool in perio-mode provides reliable evaluation of microbial plaque and gingival inflammation for the dental clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Shasan W Liou
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Beate M T Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John D B Featherstone
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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