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Jayakumar JS, Niyas VKM, Arjun R. Group A Streptococcal Bacteremia: Ten Years’ Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in South India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:1019-1021. [PMID: 36213703 PMCID: PMC9492746 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients and methods Results Conclusion How to cite this article
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeethu Sreekala Jayakumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences/KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences/KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences/KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 9446218291, e-mail:
| | - Rajalakshmi Arjun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences/KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Abd Elkodous M, El-Khawaga AM, Abdel Maksoud MIA, El-Sayyad GS, Alias N, Abdelsalam H, Ibrahim MA, Elsayed MA, Kawamura G, Lockman Z, Tan WK, Matsuda A. Enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance of a multifunctional Cu-loaded nanocomposite under UV light: theoretical and experimental study. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8306-8317. [PMID: 35660850 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01710e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to modern industrialization and population growth, access to clean water has become a global challenge. In this study, a metal-semiconductor heterojunction was constructed between Cu NPs and the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite matrix for the photodegradation of potassium permanganate, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and p-nitroaniline (pNA) under UV light. In addition, the electronic and adsorption properties after Cu loading were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the prepared samples toward pathogenic bacteria and unicellular fungi were investigated. Photocatalytic measurements show the outstanding efficiency of the Cu-loaded nanocomposite compared to that of bare Cu NPs and the composite matrix. Degradation efficiencies of 44% after 80 min, 100% after 60 min, and 65% after 90 min were obtained against potassium permanganate, Cr(VI), and pNA, respectively. Similarly, the antimicrobial evaluation showed high ZOI, lower MIC, higher protein leakage amount, and cell lysis of nearly all microbes treated with the Cu-loaded nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Ahmed M El-Khawaga
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - M I A Abdel Maksoud
- Materials Science Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nurhaswani Alias
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hazem Abdelsalam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
- Theoretical Physics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Str., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Ibrahim
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Suez Desert Road, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- Molecular Spectroscopy and Modeling Unit, Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elsayed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Go Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Zainovia Lockman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Wai Kian Tan
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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Li H, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Ma L, Liu X, Hu J. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of group a streptococcus recovered from patients in Beijing, China. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:507. [PMID: 32660436 PMCID: PMC7359455 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variation of the disease pattern. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of GAS isolates from patients in Children's Hospital in Beijing. METHODS From 2016 to 2017, pharyngeal swab samples were collected from the outpatients in Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, who were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the distribution of conventional antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The distribution of the macrolide-resistance genes (ermB, ermA, mefA), emm (M protein-coding gene) typing, and superantigens (SAg) gene profiling were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 297 GAS isolates were collected. The susceptibility of the isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and levofloxacin was 100%. The resistance rate to erythromycin and clindamycin was 98.3 and 96.6%, respectively. The dominant emm types were emm12 (65.32%), emm1 (27.61%), emm75 (2.69%), and emm89 (1.35%). Of the 297 isolates, 290 (97.64%) carried the ermB gene, and 5 (1.68%) carried the mefA gene, while none carried the ermA gene. The most common superantigen genes identified from GAS isolates were smeZ (96.97%), speC (92.59%), speG (91.58%), ssa (85.52%), speI (54.55%), speH (52.19%), and speA (34.34%). Isolates with the genotype emm1 possessed speA, speC, speG, speJ, speM, ssa, and smeZ, while emm12 possessed speC, speG, speH, speI, speM, ssa, and smeZ superantigens. CONCLUSIONS The prevalent strain of GAS isolates in Beijing has a high resistance rate to macrolides; however, penicillin can still be the preferred antibiotic for treatment. Erythromycin resistance was predominantly mediated by ermB. The common emm types were emm12 and emm1. There was a correlation between emm and the superantigen gene. Thus, long-term monitoring and investigation of the emm types and superantigen genes of GAS prevalence are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA, General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Ray D, Saha S, Sinha S, Pal NK, Bhattacharya B. Molecular characterization and evaluation of the emerging antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from eastern India. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:753. [PMID: 27955635 PMCID: PMC5153692 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A Streptococcus strains causing wide variety of diseases, recently became noticeable in eastern India, are not amenable to standard treatment protocol thus enhancing the possibility of disease morbidity by becoming antibiotic resistance. Methods The association of Lancefield group A Streptococcal variation with degree of vir architectural diversity was evaluated using emm typing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. The antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined by modified Kirby-Bauer method of disk diffusion. Percentage calculations, 95% confidence interval and one-way ANOVA were used to assess differences in proportions. Results Our observations revealed 20 different emm types and 13 different HaeIII vir typing patterns. A 1.2 kb fragment was found in all HaeIII typing pattern. Fragments of 1.2 kb and 550 bp were conserved in majority of the isolates. HinfI digestion was found proficient in differentiating the strains of same vir typing patterns. Strong predominance of speC (85%) and speF (80%) genes have been observed encoding exotoxins production. 4 isolates were found to be erythromycin resistant and were of genotype emm49. High degree of tetracycline resistance was shown by 53.57% isolates which belonged to 12 different emm genotypes. Conclusions These findings suggested that in addition to emm typing, sequential application of HaeIII and HinfI restriction enzymes in vir typing analysis is an effective tool for group A streptococcal molecular characterization associated with antibiotic resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2079-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Ray
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), 244B, A J C Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India.
| | - Somnath Saha
- Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanta Sinha
- The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Basudev Bhattacharya
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), 244B, A J C Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India. .,Health and Family Welfare Department, Directorate of Medical Education, Government of Tripura, 799001, Agartala, Tripura, India.
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Kulkarni T, Aikawa C, Nozawa T, Murase K, Maruyama F, Nakagawa I. DNA-based culture-independent analysis detects the presence of group a streptococcus in throat samples from healthy adults in Japan. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:237. [PMID: 27724855 PMCID: PMC5057481 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A Streptococcus (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) causes a range of mild to severe infections in humans. It can also colonize healthy persons asymptomatically. Therefore, it is important to study GAS carriage in healthy populations, as carriage of it might lead to subsequent disease manifestation, clonal spread in the community, and/or diversification of the organism. Throat swab culture is the gold standard method for GAS detection. Advanced culture-independent methods provide rapid and efficient detection of microorganisms directly from clinical samples. We investigated the presence of GAS in throat swab samples from healthy adults in Japan using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Results Two throat swab samples were collected from 148 healthy volunteers. One was cultured on selective medium, while total DNA extracted from the other was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified with two GAS-specific primer pairs: one was a newly designed 16S rRNA-specific primer pair, the other a previously described V-Na+-ATPase primer pair. Although only 5 (3.4 %) of the 148 samples were GAS-positive by the culture-dependent method, 146 (98.6 %) were positive for the presence of GAS DNA by the culture-independent method. To obtain serotype information by emm typing, we performed nested PCR using newly designed emm primers. We detected the four different emm types in 25 (16.9 %) samples, and these differed from the common emm types associated with GAS associated diseases in Japan. The different emm types detected in the healthy volunteers indicate that the presence of unique emm types might be associated with GAS carriage. Conclusions Our results suggest that culture-independent methods should be considered for profiling GAS in the healthy hosts, with a view to obtaining better understanding of these organisms. The GAS-specific primers (16S rRNA and V-Na+-ATPase) used in this study can be used to estimate the maximum potential GAS carriage in people. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0858-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Aikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunori Murase
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Morefield G, Touhey G, Lu F, Dunham A, HogenEsch H. Development of a recombinant fusion protein vaccine formulation to protect against Streptococcus pyogenes. Vaccine 2014; 32:3810-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Erbay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozok University, School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
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