Acute renal failure caused by pheniramine maleate induced rhabdomyolysis: an unusual case

Pheniramine Maleate-Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Aki: Is it Fatal?

Pheniramine maleate is an easily accessible, over-the-counterantihistaminic, which is frequently involved in overdoses. Pheniramine has antimuscarinic effect causing tachycardia, dilated pupils, urinary retention, and dry flushed skin, and decreased bowel sounds, confusion, mild increase in body temperature, cardiac arrhythmias, and seizures at lethal doses. It has not been implicated as an important cause of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). Rhabdomyolysis causing AKI is rarely reported in the literature. This case report emphasizes the occurrence of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis in pheniramine maleate overdose which required hemodialysis. Since there is a lack of a specific antidote, treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. We report a fatal case of a young male with a very high dose of consumption of pheniramine maleate (4.077 g), which was complicated by seizures, respiratory depression, nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, and AKI. Despite hemodialysis, ventilator support, and other intensive supportive care, patient could not survive and death ensued due to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.

FTIR and Raman spectra, electronic spectra and normal coordinate analysis of N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine by DFT method

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine have been recorded in the range 4000-500cm(-1) and 4000-50cm(-1) respectively. The complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT Raman data. The vibrational frequencies experimentally determined, was compared with the theoretical frequencies computed by DFT gradient calculations (B3LYP method) employing the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set for the optimized geometry of the compound. The geometry and normal modes of vibration obtained from the DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of Normal Coordinate Analysis (NCA) following the Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field Methodology (SQMFF). The calculated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compounds were also stimulated utilizing the scaled force fields and the computed dipole derivatives for IR intensities and polarizability derivatives for Raman intensities. The change in electron density (ED) in the σ(*) and π(*) antibonding orbitals and stabilization energies E(2) have been calculated by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis to give clear evidence of stabilization originating in the hyper conjugation of hydrogen-bonded interaction. The electronic spectrum determined by TD-DFT method is compared with the observed electronic spectrum.

Glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes sensor for the quantification of antihistamine drug pheniramine in solubilized systems

A sensitive electroanalytical method for quantification of pheniramine in pharmaceutical formulation has been investigated on the basis of the enhanced electrochemical response at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate. The experimental results suggest that the pheniramine in anionic surfactant solution exhibits electrocatalytic effect resulting in a marked enhancement of the peak current response. Peak current response is linearly dependent on the concentration of pheniramine in the range 200–1500 μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9987. The limit of detection is 58.31 μg/mL. The modified electrode shows good sensitivity and repeatability.