Basaloid squamous cell carcimoma: A rare case report with review of literature

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage as a rare delayed complication of radiation therapy in a patient with parotid basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

In this case report, we address a rare entity of parotid cancer: basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, which was surgically unresectable and had thus far only been treated with radiation therapy. Following twenty years of continuous remission, our patient presented with an acute perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cause of the acute perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage was a delayed complication of radiation therapy.

Case Report: Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Case Report

The upper aerodigestive tract is where basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), a rare variation of conventional SCC, is most frequently found. The hypopharynx, tonsil, supraglottic larynx, tongue (base), and head-neck regions are particularly susceptible to BSCC. Clinically, the presentation of BSCC is similar to that of conventional SCC, but it has a poorer prognosis than conventional SCC. BSCC is distinguished histopathologically by a dimorphic pattern, a distinctive basal cell component paired with a squamous component, and a squamous component. However, its similar features to conventional SCC make it difficult to diagnose. Therefore, histopathology and immunohistochemistry play a crucial role in diagnosing such tumors. Here we present the case of a 70-year-old male diagnosed with BSCC involving the tongue.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of gingiva: A rare case report

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an exceptional, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) because of its unique histological feature and an ominous clinical behavior. Recently, it has been recognized as a high-grade SCC. The most preferential site of occurrence is the upper aerodigestive tract. Because of its aggressive behavior and tendency to metastasize, BSCCs are considered to have poor prognosis. We present a BSCC case in a 60-year-old male, which was clinically diagnosed as an aggressive inflammatory lesion with a differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesion, involving the mandibular anterior gingiva. Till now, only 17 cases of BSCC with gingival involvement have been reported in the literature. Here, we present one additional case of BSCC involving gingiva.

Occult Nodal Metastasis in Oral Cavity Cancers

Introduction: In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, there is always a risk of occult metastasis to neck nodes in the clinically and radiologically negative neck (N0). Therefore, elective neck dissection (END) has ever been under discussion since the beginning of their routine use for the management of neck for oral carcinomas. The purpose of the current study is to identify the percentage of occult nodal metastasis to neck levels I-V in the cases of oral carcinoma who were treated for the N0 with END.

Methods: Patients who were treated between June 2005 and May 2010 with END from neck levels I to V for the management of N0 with oral SCC had been identified from the database of Aga Khan University Hospital. Those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Using descriptive statistics, the mean was computed for the quantitative variable (age). Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender, site, tumor grade, and lymph node involvement for each neck level.

Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. There were 38 males and 12 females. The mean age was 47 (range 25-72). The most common site of the tumor was buccal mucosa in 50% of the cases followed by tongue 20%, then floor of mouth 14%, dentoalveolar ridge 8%, retromolar area 4%, lip 2%, and hard palate 2%. Histopathological grading of tumors showed well-differentiated 28%, moderately differentiated 33%, and poorly differentiated 6%. Twenty-seven out of 50 patients were found positive for nodal metastasis on final postoperative histopathology. Neck node metastasis at level I was found in 22 patients, at level II in 16 patients, at level III in seven patients, and at level IV in two patients. The level V was found free of metastasis in all of the cases.

Conclusion: The rate of occult metastatic disease to the neck nodes was similar to that found in the literature. Both early and advanced local disease is associated with a risk of occult metastasis. END for neck levels I-V is, therefore, recommended for the management of the N0 in all cases of oral SCCs. Spread to levels IV and V is rare and these levels should not be a part of routine END.

Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Including Advances in Molecular Therapeutics

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common type of malignant human tumor. In Europe, the incidence of BCC ranges from 44.6 to 128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually, whereas in the United States, the yearly incidence rate ranges between 500 and 1500. The global incidence has been calculated to be as high as 10 million cases of BCC per year. There are 2 main clinical patterns of BCC-the familial BCC in basal cell nevus syndrome and sporadic BCC. The etiology of cutaneous BCC is usually the result of the interaction between solar ultraviolet radiation and genetic factors. Somatic or germline mutations in the effector components of the hedgehog signaling pathway (ie, PTCH1, PTCH2, SMO or SUFU genes) are responsible for ∼90% of the cases of both sporadic and familial BCC, all causing a constitutive activation of the hedgehog pathway. Cutaneous BCC very rarely metastasizes, and diagnosis in metastatic sites can be very difficult. Metastatic BCC has weakly effective therapeutic options with a poor prognosis until few years ago. In 2012, small-molecule therapies, involving inactivation of the hedgehog signaling pathway, and capable of reducing tumor growth and progression have been introduced into clinical practice for advanced (locally advanced or metastatic) BCC. We performed a comprehensive literature review on metastatic BCC and found at least 915 cases reported to date. In addition, we extensively discussed the differential diagnosis of metastatic BCC, and outlined the advances in clinical therapeutics involving these small molecules.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: a 31-year retrospective study and analysis of 214 cases reported in the literature

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features of BSCC in the oral cavity, diagnosed over 31 years of service in oral pathology, and make comparisons with the data reported in the literature.

METHODS

Data regarding gender, age, clinical presentation, anatomical location, symptoms, evolution time, size of lesion, and use of alcohol and tobacco from cases of BSCC were collected. Additionally, we conducted a review of BSCC studies from searches in three electronic databases.

RESULTS

Among 24,570 oral biopsies, 7 (0.03%) were BSCC and represented 0.8% of oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 875). All cases occurred in males, and the prevalent affected age was the sixth decade (60%). Ulcers occurred in all cases, with the majority showing no symptoms (71.4%). The tongue (30.8%), alveolar ridge/gingiva (30.8%), and floor of the mouth (23.1%) were the anatomical locations affected. The literature review indicated a total of fifteen publications, reporting 214 cases of BSCC. Males (76.7%) in the seventh (53.3%) decade of life were most affected. According to the cases with adequate information, symptomatic (90.0%) ulcers (80.0%) in the floor of the mouth (42.1%), with a mean size of 2 cm and the mean evolution time of 1.5 to 18 months were the most seen. Association with tobacco and alcohol use, when noted, was 50.0%.

CONCLUSION

The features presented in this study are more similar than different when compared with the literature data.

Bilateral Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

INTRODUCTION

We describe the first known case of bilateral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, and we review existing literature.

CASE PRESENTATION

A previously healthy, 70-year-old white man presented with a 2-cm enlarging mass in the tail of the right parotid gland. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography showed ipsilateral pathologic adenopathy. Results of fine-needle aspiration revealed a high-grade malignancy with squamous features. The patient underwent a right total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic findings revealed a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Four years after the initial resection, the patient presented with an enlarging left parotid mass. Findings of fine-needle aspiration and imaging were similar to those 4 years earlier. The patient received a left total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. Postoperative radiation therapy was performed after each surgical intervention. He remains disease free at 4-year follow-up after the second mass was resected.

DISCUSSION

Squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features is a rare and aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of bilateral parotid basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.

Basaloid Laringyeal Carcinoma on o Patient with Pneumonectomy Due to Advanced Tuberculosis

The basaloid carcinoma is a rare and distinct type of squamous carcinoma. Of all the squamous carcinomas, the basaloid tumor is noted for its high aggressivity and fast replication rate. It is usually discovered within the upper levels of the larynx (supraglottis), the tongue base or the piriform sinuses in male patients ranging from sixty to eighty years old. The aggressivity of the tumor also means its discovery is usually a late event thus associating a relatively low survival rate within the first 5 years. The current paper presents the case of a patient diagnosed with a malign tumor of the larynx which is then identified as being a squamous basaloid carcinoma. The medical review of the patient reveals a long history of smoking and also pulmonary tuberculosis, for which the patient underwent left pneumonectomy.