1
|
Cs AS, Joseph TI, Girish KL, T P, Binu A, Mary J. Comparative Analysis of Cluster of Differentiation 57 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44779. [PMID: 37809121 PMCID: PMC10558034 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune defense against tumor cells is mainly mediated by the natural killer (NK) cells. Cluster of differentiation 57 (CD57) is a 110-kd glycoprotein, typically expressed by the NK cells, attacks the cancer cells and inhibits tumor development. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36-kd auxiliary protein for DNA polymerase delta that correlates with cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. It is an essential component of DNA replication, DNA recombination, and DNA repair. The uncoordinated proliferation of PCNA protein characterizes the biological behavior of malignant lesions. AIM The aim of the present study is to compare and correlate the expression of CD57 and PCNA in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis comprises 30 samples of various grades of OSCCs and 10 samples of healthy mucosa. Sections of 4-5 µm thickness were done and stained with monoclonal anti-PCNA and anti-CD57 antibodies. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 16.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data in this study. The expression of CD57 and PCNA was compared and correlated between the groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc, Dunnet t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. For statistical significance, a p-value of 0.05 or less was used. RESULTS A significant decrease in CD57 labeling index was seen from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (16.63 ± 2.33) to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (5.53 ± 1.20) whereas the significant increase in PCNA labeling index was noted from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (45.88 ± 2.20), followed by moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (72.77 ± 4.35). CONCLUSION The combination of CD57 and PCNA biomarkers appears to be good indicators of the immune status of the patient and the aggressiveness of the lesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ani Simila Cs
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru, IND
| | - T Isaac Joseph
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, IND
| | - K L Girish
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, IND
| | - Prasanth T
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, IND
| | - Angelin Binu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, IND
| | - Jeslin Mary
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, IND
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Notum leads to potential pro-survival of OSCC through crosstalk between Shh and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via p-GSK3β. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
3
|
He X, Chen S, Tang Y, Zhao X, Yan L, Wu L, Wu Z, Liu W, Chen X, Wang X. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Overexpression Slows the Progression of 4NQO-Induced Oral Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:756479. [PMID: 34970484 PMCID: PMC8712676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.756479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling in oral malignant transformation. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to investigate HGF and c-Met expression in 53 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens and 21 adjacent nontumor specimens and evaluated the associations between HGF and c-Met expression and clinicopathological parameters. Additionally, HGF-overexpression transgenic (HGF-Tg) and wild-type (Wt) mice were treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to induce oral carcinogenesis for 16 weeks. At 16, 20, and 24 weeks, tongue lesions were collected for clinical observation; estimation of HGF, c-Met, and PCNA expression; apoptosis (TUNEL) assays; and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Results HGF and c-Met were positively expressed in 92.5% and 64% of OSCC samples, respectively. High HGF expression was significantly associated with smaller tumor size (p = 0.006) and inferior TNM stage (p = 0.032). No correlation between HGF and c-Met levels and other clinical parameters or prognosis was noted. In addition, HGF and c-Met expression was elevated in 4NQO-induced lesions of Wt mice. Compared with Wt mice, HGF-Tg mice have lower tumor incidence, number, volume, and lesion grade. In addition, the percentage of PCNA-positive cells in Wt mice was significantly higher than that in HGF-Tg mice at different time points. At 16 weeks, HGF-Tg mice exhibited less apoptotic cells compared with Wt mice (p < 0.000), and these levels gradually increased until the levels were greater than that of Wt mice at 24 weeks (p < 0.000). RNA-seq data revealed that 140 genes were upregulated and 137 genes were downregulated in HGF-Tg mice. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are highly correlated with oxidative and metabolic signaling and that downregulated DEGs are related to MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling. Conclusions HGF and c-Met expression is upregulated in OSCC tissues and is associated with the occurrence and development of OSCC. HGF overexpression in normal oral epithelial tissue can inhibit 4NQO-induced tumorigenesis potentially through inhibiting proliferation and accelerating apoptosis via MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi He
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liting Yan
- Department of Periodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Basic Oral Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- Department of Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pandita V, Ajila V, Babu S, Hegde S. Oral leukoplakia: A review of clinical features and trends in management. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/asn2285417p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) conisit of the group of diseases of great importance for dentists. Oral leukoplakia (OL) has long been the subject of debate by numerous researchers. A common etiologic factor is tobacco, which is associated with oral cancer. The aim of the study is to indicate the severity of the lesion, the most common clinical characreistics and localization. The prevalence of leukoplakia in the world is 2.6% with a rate of malignant conversion ranging from 0.1% to 17.5%. Literature data about the prevalence and annual rate of malignant transformation, approximately 2%, indicate that these changes should be taken seriously and regularymonitored Conclusion: Occurate diagnosis provides the key to preventing to malignant transformation. Various medical and surgical treatment modalities for this lesion have been described. This article highlights various trends in the diagnosis and treatment of oral leukoplakia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Monti Hughes A, Méndez A, Itoiz ME, Schwint AE. Nucleolar organizer regions in human oral verrucous carcinoma and adjacent lining epithelium. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:555-560. [PMID: 32124655 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1735005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium adjacent to an oral squamous cell carcinoma is at risk of undergoing precancerous changes. Even after such changes occur, however, the adjacent epithelium remains histologically similar to normal mucosa. We investigated five argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)-related features in samples of oral verrucous carcinoma (VeCa) and their corresponding adjacent lining epithelium (adj. VeCa). Morphometric characteristics of AgNORs in oral adj. VeCa and oral VeCa were compared to normal mucosa epithelium, squamous cell carcinoma and oral mucosa epithelium adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma findings that we published earlier. Although adj. VeCa and normal oral mucosa were histologically similar, total AgNOR volume differentiated adj. VeCa from normal oral mucosa, but revealed no significant difference between VeCa and adj. VeCa. Total AgNOR volume/nuclear volume discriminated VeCa from adj. VeCa and normal oral mucosa. Certain AgNOR parameters provide a complementary tool for discriminating VeCa from adj. VeCa and normal oral mucosa, and also for detecting incipient malignant changes in epithelium adjacent to VeCa. Use of the AgNOR technique is cost-effective, because it can be performed on paraffin sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti Hughes
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) , Argentina.,National Research Council (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - Analía Méndez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA) , Argentina
| | - María Elina Itoiz
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) , Argentina.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA) , Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) , Argentina.,National Research Council (CONICET) , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzun D, Maturana A, Torres VA. Nuclear localization of β-catenin and expression of target genes are associated with increased Wnt secretion in oral dysplasia. Oral Oncol 2019; 94:58-67. [PMID: 31178213 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the localization of β-catenin in oral dysplastic cells, the expression of target genes upregulated in oral dysplasia, and the role of Wnt ligands in these events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcellular localization of total and non-phosphorylated (transcriptionally active) β-catenin was evaluated by immunofluorescence and biochemical fractionation in dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK), non-dysplastic oral keratinocytes (OKF6), oral squamous carcinoma cells (CAL27) and primary oral keratinocytes. Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription was measured by luciferase reporter assays. Expression of target genes, survivin and cyclin D1, was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Wnt secretion was inhibited with the inhibitor of porcupine, C59. Wnt3a and β-catenin were evaluated in biopsies by tissue immunofluorescence. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and fractionation experiments showed augmented nuclear β-catenin (total and transcriptionally active) in DOK, when compared with OKF6 and CAL27 cells. Intriguingly, conditioned medium from DOK promoted nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription in OKF6 and primary oral keratinocytes, suggesting the participation of secreted factors. Treatment of DOK with C59 decreased Wnt3a secretion, nuclear β-catenin and the expression of survivin and cyclin D1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Accordingly, DOK secreted higher Wnt3a levels than OKF6, and inhibition of Wnt3a secretion prevented DOK-induced Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription in OKF6. These observations were confirmed in clinical samples, since tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed simultaneous expression of Wnt3a and nuclear β-catenin in oral dysplasia, but not in healthy mucosa biopsies. CONCLUSION These data indicate that secretion of Wnt ligands is critical for β-catenin nuclear localization and expression of target genes in oral dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Reyes
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzun
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Maturana
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alali F, Kochaji N. Proliferative Activity of Myoepithelial Cells in Normal Salivary Glands and Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Based on Double Immunohistochemical Labeling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1965-1970. [PMID: 30051681 PMCID: PMC6165645 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the proliferative activity of myoepithelial cells (MEC) in normal salivary glands (NSG) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC)) Study design. Twenty -three salivary gland specimens (13 ACC, 10 NSG) were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling for α smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)). Results There was a significant difference in PCNA reactivity in normal samples between myoepithelial cells of the parotid glands and of the submandibular glands, rates being higher in the latter. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells exhibited higher expression than neoplastic epithelial cells. In addition, myoepithelial cells of the cribriform type of ACC showed PCNA reactivity lower than those of the tubular type, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in epithelial cell rates. We could not identify myoepithelial cells in solid pattern due to α-SMA negativity; although high PCNA reactivity was evident. Conclusion These data suggest that the myoepithelial cell has a key role in ACC oncogenesis, more so than its epithelial cell counterparts. Moreover, the data provide a histopathological interpretation for aggressive clinical features of submandibular ACC, as the myoepithelial cells were less differentiated as compared to those of parotid glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alali
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Faculty College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cryopreservation of domestic cat (Felis catus) ovarian tissue: Comparison of two vitrification methods. Theriogenology 2018; 111:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|