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Huang Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Yuan M, Zheng C, Xu H. Xanthone Glucosides: Isolation, Bioactivity and Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:5575. [PMID: 34577044 PMCID: PMC8465223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthones are secondary metabolites found in plants, fungi, lichens, and bacteria from a variety of families and genera, with the majority found in the Gentianaceae, Polygalaceae, and Clusiaceae. They have a diverse range of bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-tuberculosis, and cytotoxic properties. Xanthone glucosides are a significant branch of xanthones. After glycosylation, xanthones may have improved characteristics (such as solubility and pharmacological activity). Currently, no critical review of xanthone glucosides has been published. A literature survey including reports of naturally occurring xanthone glucosides is included in this review. The isolation, structure, bioactivity, and synthesis of these compounds were all explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huaimo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.H.); (Y.W.); (H.W.); (M.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
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Méndez D, Escalona-Arranz JC, Pérez EM, Foubert K, Matheeussen A, Tuenter E, Cuypers A, Cos P, Pieters L. Antifungal Activity of Extracts, Fractions, and Constituents from Coccoloba cowellii Leaves. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090917. [PMID: 34577616 PMCID: PMC8469486 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccoloba cowellii Britton (Polygonaceae, order Caryophyllales) is an endemic and critically endangered plant species that only grows in the municipality of Camagüey, a province of Cuba. A preliminary investigation of its total methanolic extract led to the discovery of promising antifungal activity. In this study, a bioassay-guided fractionation allowed the isolation of quercetin and four methoxyflavonoids: 3-O-methylquercetin, myricetin 3,3′,4′-trimethyl ether, 6-methoxymyricetin 3,4′-dimethyl ether, and 6-methoxymyricetin 3,3′,4′-trimethyl ether. The leaf extract, fractions, and compounds were tested against various fungi and showed strong in vitro antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and various Candida spp. with no cytotoxicity (CC50 > 64.0 µg/mL) on MRC-5 SV2 cells, determined by a resazurin assay. A Candida albicans SC5314 antibiofilm assay indicated that the antifungal activity of C. cowellii extracts and constituents is mainly targeted to planktonic cells. The total methanolic extract showed higher and broader activity compared with the fractions and mixture of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Méndez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Camagüey, Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5½, Camagüey 74650, Cuba; (D.M.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Julio C. Escalona-Arranz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
- Correspondence: (J.C.E.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Enrique Molina Pérez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Camagüey, Carretera de Circunvalación Km 5½, Camagüey 74650, Cuba; (D.M.); (E.M.P.)
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.F.); (E.T.)
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.F.); (E.T.)
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Campus Diepenbeek, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.F.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.E.-A.); (L.P.)
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Klein-Júnior LC, Campos A, Niero R, Corrêa R, Vander Heyden Y, Filho VC. Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900499. [PMID: 31794156 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are a class of heterocyclic natural products that have been widely studied for their pharmacological potential. In fact, they have been serving as scaffolds for the design of derivatives focusing on drug development. One of the main study targets of xanthones is their anticancer activity. Several compounds belonging to this class have already demonstrated cytotoxic and antitumor effects, making it a promising group for further exploration. This review therefore focuses on recently published studies, emphasizing their natural and synthetic sources and describing the main mechanisms of action responsible for the anticancer effect of promising xanthones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Klein-Júnior
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
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Antioxidant Nature Adds Further Therapeutic Value: An Updated Review on Natural Xanthones and Their Glycosides. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Neves AR, Correia-da-Silva M, Silva PMA, Ribeiro D, Sousa E, Bousbaa H, Pinto M. Synthesis of New Glycosylated Flavonoids with Inhibitory Activity on Cell Growth. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051093. [PMID: 29734739 PMCID: PMC6102538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavonoids and xanthone glycosides display several biological activities, with the glycoside moiety playing an important role in the mechanism of action of these metabolites. Herein, to give further insights into the inhibitory activity on cell growth of these classes of compounds, the synthesis of four flavonoids (5, 6, 9, and 10) and one xanthone (7) containing one or more acetoglycoside moieties was carried out. Acetyl groups were introduced using acetic anhydride and microwave irradiation. The introduction of one or two acetoglycoside moieties in the framework of 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (4) was performed using two synthetic methods: the Michael reaction and the Koenigs-Knorr reaction. The in vitro cell growth inhibitory activity of compounds 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 was investigated in six human tumor cell lines: A375-C5 (malignant melanoma IL-1 insensitive), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), U251 (glioblastoma astrocytoma), U373 (glioblastoma astrocytoma), and U87MG (glioblastoma astrocytoma). The new flavonoid 3-hydroxy-7-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranosyl) flavone (10) was the most potent compound in all tumor cell lines tested, with GI50 values < 8 μM and a notable degree of selectivity for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Neves
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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