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Dedvisitsakul P, Watla-iad K. Antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activities of Northern Thai indigenous edible plant extracts and their phytochemical constituents. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10740. [PMID: 36185148 PMCID: PMC9519484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common non-infective disease characterized by hyperglycemia (high level of blood glucose). Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in long termed-hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are the key factors to accelerate diabetic complications. To screen potential candidates for treating diabetes, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity from crude extracts of some Thai edible plants were primarily assessed, and the inhibiting potential of diabetes and its complications provided from some of these plants were evaluated in terms of their inhibitory activities of α-amylase, α-glycosidase, and AGEs formation. The highest amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were found in the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia mimosoides (S20, 12.63 ± 1.70 mg GAE/g DW) and Glochidion hirsutum (S8, 3.02 ± 0.25 mg CE/g DW), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (S26, 217.94 ± 32.30 μg AAE/g DW) whereas the highest inhibitory activities of α-amylase and α-glycosidase were obtained from Basella alba L. (S11, IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and S. terebinthifolius (S26, IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/ml) respectively. The inhibitory effects of AGEs formation were studied in vitro using two model systems: BSA-glucose and BSA-methylglycoxal (MGO). The extracts of Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt (S8, IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and Polygonum odoratum Lour. (S13, IC50 = 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/ml) exhibited the inhibitory activity of AGEs formation derived from glucose (BSA-glucose system) stronger than aminoguanidine (AG) (0.26 ± 0.00 mg/ml), which is a common AGEs formation inhibitory drug. By BSA-MGO assay, the inhibition of some selected extracts in this study (G. hirsutum, G. sphaerogynum, and S. terebinthifolius with IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.01, and 0.10 ± 0.00 mg/ml, respectively) were slightly less efficient than AG (the IC50 = 0.06 ± 0.00 mg/ml). These results indicated that some selected Thai edible plants in this present study provided potential applications towards the prevention of diabetes and their complications via the inhibitory of α-amylase, α-glycosidase, AGEs formation, and oxidative stress. This fundamental information would be important for alternative drug discovery and nutritional recommendations for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plaipol Dedvisitsakul
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Microbial Products and Innovation (MP&I) Research Unit, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Watla-iad
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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Singla RK, Dhir V, Madaan R, Kumar D, Singh Bola S, Bansal M, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singla S, Shen B. The Genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:769111. [PMID: 35479320 PMCID: PMC9036189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) comprises 139 species including 14 species used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, pain, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, microbial and mental disorders. Aim of the review: To search research gaps through critical assessment of pharmacological activities not performed to validate traditional claims of various species of Alternanthera. This review will aid natural product researchers in identifying Alternanthera species with therapeutic potential for future investigation. Materials and methods: Scattered raw data on ethnopharmacological, morphological, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various species of the genus Alternanthera have been compiled utilizing search engines like SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Open J-Gate for 100 years up to April 2021. Results: Few species of Alternanthera genus have been exhaustively investigated phytochemically, and about 129 chemical constituents related to different classes such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds have been isolated from 9 species. Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS depressive, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator effects have been explored in the twelve species of the genus. A toxicity study has been conducted on 3 species and a clinical study on 2 species. Conclusions: The available literature on pharmacological studies of Alternanthera species reveals that few species have been selected based on ethnobotanical surveys for scientific validation of their traditional claims. But most of these studies have been conducted on uncharacterized and non-standardized crude extracts. A roadmap of research needs to be developed for the isolation of new bioactive compounds from Alternanthera species, which can emerge out as clinically potential medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dhir
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Civil Hospital, Rampura Phul, India
| | - Simranjit Singh Bola
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
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Ahmed F. Hypoglycemic Potential of Basella alba Linn. - An In Vitro Study. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/ue5rg9zrch] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by phenolic compounds of Rumex maderensis (Madeira sorrel). Influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on hyperglycaemia-related damage linked with aldose reductase activity and protein glycation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Acute effects of non-homogenised and homogenised vegetables added to rice-based meals on postprandial glycaemic responses and in vitro carbohydrate digestion. Br J Nutr 2019; 120:1023-1033. [PMID: 30355395 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The addition of vegetable to carbohydrate-based meals was shown to contribute to glycaemic management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of homogenisation on vegetables added to rice meals in terms of acute glycaemic responses (GR). In a randomised crossover trial, sixteen healthy volunteers completed thirteen test sessions, which included two sessions for glucose control, two for rice and nine for different vegetable-rice mixed meals: cooked pak choi and cooked rice (CP+R); cooked cauliflower and cooked rice (CC+R); cooked eggplant and cooked rice (CE+R); and their homogenised counterparts, both raw or cooked. Postprandial GR tests, in vitro carbohydrate digestion and chemical analyses were carried out for each test meal. Compared with pure rice, CE+R, CP+R and CC+R meals achieved significantly lower glycaemic indexes (GI) of 67, 71 and 73, whereas their homogenised counterparts failed to show significant difference with rice. The hydrolysis indexes (HI) of CE+R, CP+R and CC+R were 69·6, 83·8 and 80·6 % of the HI of the rice control. CE had the greatest effect on lowering the GI, the incremental area under the blood glucose curve from 0 to 120 min, the peak glucose value, the maximum amplitude of glucose excursion in 0-120 min (MAGE0 -120), the HI and rapid available starch. Both in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that incorporating non-homogenised cooked vegetables into a rice meal could slow the carbohydrate digestion and improve postprandial GR. Texture properties of vegetable may play an important role in underlying glycaemic control mechanisms.
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Froldi G, González DL, Rosteghin F, Grison M, Sut S, Dall’Acqua S, Sánchez-Mateo CDC. α-Glucosidase and glycation inhibitory activities of Rumex lunaria leaf extract: a promising plant against hyperglycaemia-related damage. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3418-3422. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1569655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diana Luján González
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosteghin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Grison
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Chandrasekhar C, Rajpurohit H, Javaji K, Kuncha M, Setti A, Ali AZ, Tiwari AK, Misra S, Kumar CG. Anti-hyperglycemic and genotoxic studies of 1- O-methyl chrysophanol, a new anthraquinone isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:148-160. [PMID: 30614298 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1551406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The compound 1-O-methyl chrysophanol (OMC) which belongs to a class of hydroxyanthraquinones was isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103 and studied for their anti-diabetic properties. OMC was evaluated as an anti-diabetic agent based on in silico studies which initially predicted the binding energy with α-amylase (-188.81 KJ mol-1) and with α-glucosidase (70.53 KJ mol-1). Further, these results were validated based on enzyme inhibition assays where OMC demonstrated enzyme inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (IC50 3.4 mg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 38.49 μg mL-1). To confirm the anti-diabetic activity, in vivo studies (oral dose in Wistar rats) revealed that OMC inhibited significantly the increase in glucose concentration at 100 mg/kg as compared to starch control (p < 0.05). Further, to understand the safety of OMC as a therapeutic agent, the genotoxic analysis was performed in both in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (250, 500, and 1000 µM/mL) and in vivo Swiss albino mice (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). In vitro results showed that OMC concentration of up to 250 µM/mL did not elicit significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN counts in CHO cells. Similarly, in mice experiments (i.p. injection), no significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN induction were observed till 500 mg/kg of OMC when compared with chrysophanic acid (Cy) (200 mg/kg). In addition, mice that received the lowest dose of OMC (250 mg/kg) did not show any histological changes in liver, kidney, and heart. The study concluded that five times higher therapeutic dose (100 mg/kg) of OMC can be utilized against hyperglycemia with no genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheemalamarri Chandrasekhar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemshikha Rajpurohit
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalpana Javaji
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Setti
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Zehra Ali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Banihani SA. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1014. [PMID: 28906451 PMCID: PMC5622774 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than three decades, various in vitro and in vivo studies have linked radishes with diabetes, though this link has not been discussed. This review systematically addresses and summarizes the effect of radishes on diabetes. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE databases for English language articles from June 1987 through May 2017 using the key words "radish" and "diabetes," and the references from particular reports were also considered if relevant. In summary, radish has been identified as having antidiabetic effects, making it favorable for those with diabetic conditions. This may be due to its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism and reduce the accumulation of free radicals, affect hormonal-induced glucose hemostasis, promote glucose uptake and energy metabolism, and reduce glucose absorption in the intestine. However, this summary requires further confirmation in research in vivo studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Spínola V, Pinto J, Castilho PC. In vitro studies on the effect of watercress juice on digestive enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and obesity and antioxidant activity. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Spínola
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira; Campus da Penteada Funchal 9020-105 Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira; Campus da Penteada Funchal 9020-105 Portugal
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira; Campus da Penteada Funchal 9020-105 Portugal
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Molecular Approaches to Genetically Improve the Accumulation of Health-Promoting Secondary Metabolites in Staple Crops-A Case Study: The Lipoxygenase-B1 Genes and Regulation of the Carotenoid Content in Pasta Products. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071177. [PMID: 27455242 PMCID: PMC4964548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, represent a large subset of plant molecules that include compounds with health-promoting effects. Indeed, a number of epidemiological studies have shown that, when taken regularly and in adequate amounts, these molecules can have long-term beneficial effects on human health, through reduction of the incidence of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. As the dietary intake of these phytochemicals is often inadequate, various strategies are in use to improve their content in staple crops, and the end-products thereof. One of the most effective strategies is crop improvement through genetic approaches, as this is the only way to generate new cultivars in which the high accumulation of a given phytochemical is stably fixed. Efforts to genetically improve quality traits are rapidly evolving, from classical breeding to molecular-assisted approaches; these require sound understanding of the molecular bases underlying the traits, to identify the genes/alleles that control them. This can be achieved through global analysis of the metabolic pathway responsible for phytochemical accumulation, to identify the link between phytochemical content and the activities of key enzymes that regulate the metabolic pathway, and between the key enzymes and their encoding genes/alleles. Once these have been identified, they can be used as markers for selection of new improved genotypes through biotechnological approaches. This review provides an overview of the major health-promoting properties shown to be associated with the dietary intake of phytochemicals, and describes how molecular approaches provide means for improving the health quality of edible crops. Finally, a case study is illustrated, of the identification in durum wheat of the Lipoxygenase-B1 genes that control the final carotenoid content in semolina-based foods, such as pasta products.
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:21138-56. [PMID: 26633317 PMCID: PMC6331972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of vegetables and fruits is inversely associated with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits are considered to be responsible for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities, as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidant phytochemicals, and discusses their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
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Tiwari AK. Revisiting "Vegetables" to combat modern epidemic of imbalanced glucose homeostasis. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S207-13. [PMID: 24991093 PMCID: PMC4078339 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables have been part of human food since prehistoric times and are considered nutritionally necessary and good for health. Vegetables are rich natural resource of biological antioxidants and possess capabilities of maintaining glucose homeostasis. When taken before starch-rich diet, juice also of vegetables such as ridge gourd, bottle gourd, ash gourd, chayote and juice of leaves of vegetables such as radish, Indian Dill, ajwain, tropical green amaranth, and bladder dock are reported to arrest significantly the rise in postprandial blood glucose level. Juice of vegetables such as ash gourd, squash gourd, and tropical green amaranth leaves are observed to tone-down sweet-beverages such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose-induced postprandial glycemic excursion. On the other hand, juice of egg-plant and juice of leaves of Ceylon spinach, Joyweed, and palak are reported to augment starch-induced postprandial glycemic excursion; and juice of leaves of Ceylon spinach, Joyweed, and radish supplement to the glucose-induced postprandial glycemia. Vegetables possess multifaceted antihyperglycemic activities such as inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase, inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1β in liver and skeletal muscles, and insulin mimetic and secretagogue activities. Furthermore, they are also reported to influence polyol pathway in favor of reducing development of oxidative stress, and consequently the development of diabetic complications. In the wake of emergence of modern maladaptive diet-induced hyperglycemic epidemic therefore, vegetables may offer cost-effective dietary regimen to control diet-induced glycemic over load and future development of diabetes mellitus. However, for vegetables have been reported to do both, mitigate as well as supplement to the diet-induced postprandial glycemic load, care is required in selection of vegetables when considered as medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Metabolic Disorders and Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Tiwari AK, Kumar DA, Sweeya PS, Chauhan HA, Lavanya V, Sireesha K, Pavithra K, Zehra A. Vegetables' juice influences polyol pathway by multiple mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress and resultant diabetic complications. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S383-91. [PMID: 24991118 PMCID: PMC4078340 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia induced generation of free radicals and consequent development of oxidative stress by polyol pathway is one of the crucial mechanisms stirring up development of diabetic complications. We evaluated influence of ten vegetables' juice on polyol pathway along with their antioxidant and antioxidative stress potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aldose reductase activity was determined utilising goat lens and human erythrocytes. In goat lens, utilization of nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and aldose reductase inhibition was assayed. In human erythrocytes, sorbitol formation was measured as an index of aldose reductase activity under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Ability of juices in inhibiting oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar and calf thymus DNA and inhibitory activity against hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis of erythrocytes was also analysed. Phytochemical contents like total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total protein were measured to find their influence on biological activities. RESULTS Vegetables' juice displayed varying degrees of inhibitory potentials in mitigating NADPH dependent catalytic activity of aldose reductase in goat lens, accumulation of sorbitol in human erythrocytes under different glucose concentrations; Fenton-reaction induced oxidative damage to deoxyribose sugar, and calf thymus DNA. Substantial variations in vegetables phytochemicals content were also noticed in this study. CONCLUSIONS Vegetables' juice possesses potent activities in influencing polyol pathway by various mechanisms in favour of reducing development of oxidative stress independent of their inherent antioxidative properties. Juice of ivy gourd followed by green cucumber and ridge gourd were among the most potent for they displayed strong activities on various parameters analysed in this study. These vegetables' juice may become part of mechanism-based complementary antioxidant therapy to prevent development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Tiwari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D. Anand Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pisupati S. Sweeya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - H. Anusha Chauhan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V. Lavanya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K. Sireesha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K. Pavithra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amtul Zehra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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