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Xu C, Xia B, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Li C, Lin L. Research progress in steroidal saponins from the genus Polygonatum: Chemical components, biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological effects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 213:113731. [PMID: 37245687 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The genus Polygonatum Mill. belongs to the Liliaceae family, which is widely distributed all over the world. Modern studies have found that Polygonatum plants are very rich in chemical compounds such as saponins, polysaccharides and flavonoids. Steroidal saponins are the most commonly studied saponins in the genus Polygonatum and a total of 156 compounds have been isolated from 10 species of the genus. These molecules possess antitumor, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and anti-osteoporotic activities. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studies of the chemical constituents of steroidal saponins from Polygonatum, including their structural characteristics, possible biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological effects. Then, the relationship between the structure and some physiological activities is considered. This review aims to provide reference for further exploitation and utilization of the genus Polygonatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Limei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China.
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Chen J, Qin P, Tao Z, Ding W, Yao Y, Xu W, Yin D, Tan S. Anticancer Activity of Methyl Protodioscin against Prostate Cancer by Modulation of Cholesterol-Associated MAPK Signaling Pathway <i>via</i> FOXO1 Induction. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:574-585. [PMID: 37005301 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (MPD), a furostanol saponin found in the rhizomes of Dioscoreaceae, has lipid-lowering and broad anticancer properties. However, the efficacy of MPD in treating prostate cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity and action mechanism of MPD in prostate cancer. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometer assays revealed that MPD suppressed proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and invasion and induced apoptosis of DU145 cells. Mechanistically, MPD decreased cholesterol concentration in the cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase and 4-aminoantipyrine phenol (COD-PAP) assay, disrupting the lipid rafts as detected using immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Further, it reduced the associated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway protein P-extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), detected using immunoblot analysis. Forkhead box O (FOXO)1, a tumor suppressor and critical factor controlling cholesterol metabolism, was predicted to be a direct target of MPD and induced by MPD. Notably, in vivo studies demonstrated that MPD significantly reduced tumor size, suppressed cholesterol concentration and the MAPK signaling pathway, and induced FOXO1 expression and apoptosis in tumor tissue in a subcutaneous mouse model. These results suggest that MPD displays anti-prostate cancer activity by inducing FOXO1 protein, reducing cholesterol concentration, and disrupting lipid rafts. Consequently, the reduced MAPK signaling pathway suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Puyan Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhanxia Tao
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University
| | - Weijian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yunlong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Weifang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Song Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
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Bouchmaa N, Ben Mrid R, Bouargalne Y, Ajouaoi S, Cacciola F, El Fatimy R, Nhiri M, Zyad A. In vitro evaluation of dioscin and protodioscin against ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272781. [PMID: 36757991 PMCID: PMC9910703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Women's breast cancer is one of the most significant healthcare issues for the human race that demands a proactive strategy for a cure. In this study, the cytotoxic activity (MTT assay) of two natural steroidal compounds, protodioscin and dioscin, against two major subtypes of human breast cancer estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive)/MCF-7 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)/MDA-MB-468), was assessed. The clonogenic capacity was evaluated using the clonogenic assay. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the formation of malondialdehyde and H2O2 and the assessment of total antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, GR, and TrxR). Protodioscin and dioscin were highly cytotoxic against the tested cell lines (1.53 μM <IC50< 6 μM) with low cytotoxicity on normal cells (PBMC; IC50 ≥ 50 μM). Interestingly, these compounds were responsible for a substantial decrease in the clonogenic capacity of both cell lines. Moreover, dioscin was able to reduce the cell motility of the invasive breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468). At the molecular level, the two treatments resulted in an increase of reactive oxygen species. Notably, both compounds were responsible for decreasing the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase. On the basis of such considerations, protodioscin and dioscin may serve as promising natural compounds to treat TNBC and ER-positive breast cancer through the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Bouchmaa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
- Institute of Medical and Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- * E-mail: (NB); (AZ)
| | - Reda Ben Mrid
- Institute of Medical and Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bouargalne
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Sana Ajouaoi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Medical and Biological Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Zyad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Team of Experimental Oncology and Natural Substances, Cellular and Molecular Immuno-Pharmacology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
- * E-mail: (NB); (AZ)
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Mitophagy Effects of Protodioscin on Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Inhibition of p38MAPK Targeting NIX/LC3 Axis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030395. [PMID: 36766737 PMCID: PMC9913878 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protodioscin (PD) is a steroidal saponin with various pharmacological activities, including neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. However, the effect of PD on human osteosarcoma (OS) cells is unclear. In this study, we found that PD significantly inhibits the growth of human HOS and 143B OS cells through the upregulation of apoptotic-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP) and mitophagy-related proteins (LC3B and NIX), which contribute to the induction of apoptosis, and MMP (mitochondrial membrane potential) dysfunction and mitophagy. The inhibition of LC3 or NIX was shown to decrease apoptosis and mitophagy in PD-treated OS cells. The knockdown of p38MAPK by siRNA decreased mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, mitophagy, and the NIX/LC3B expression in the PD-treated OS cells. A binding affinity analysis revealed that the smaller the KD value (-7.6 Kcal/mol and -8.9 Kcal/mol, respectively), the greater the binding affinity in the PD-NIX and PD-LC3 complexes. These findings show the inhibitory effects of PD-induced mitophagy in human OS cells and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for human OS, by targeting the NIX/LC3 pathways.
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Chen YR, Wang SC, Huang SP, Su CC, Liu PL, Cheng WC, Chuu CP, Chen JK, Bao BY, Lee CH, Ke CC, Wu HE, Chang HH, Yeh HC, Li CY. Protodioscin inhibits bladder cancer cell migration and growth, and promotes apoptosis through activating JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Stefanowicz-Hajduk J, Król-Kogus B, Sparzak-Stefanowska B, Kimel K, Ochocka JR, Krauze-Baranowska M. Cytotoxic activity of standardized extracts, a fraction, and individual secondary metabolites from fenugreek seeds against SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cell lines. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:424-437. [PMID: 33849376 PMCID: PMC8057092 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1903047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fabaceae) has many therapeutic properties and anticancer potential. OBJECTIVE The cytotoxic activities of standardized extracts and a fraction from fenugreek seeds and their compounds (sapogenins, flavone C-glycosides, alkaloid trigonelline) against human cancer SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cells were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fenugreek seeds were extracted with 70% methanol (A) or water (B). Furthermore, the seeds were purified with petroleum ether and chloroform and next extracted with methanol to obtain fraction (C). The quantitative analysis of saponins and flavonoids in the extracts was done with HPLC methods. The extracts (5-120 µg/mL) and compounds (1-50 µg/mL) were tested on the cells by MTT assay and RTCA system. The effect of a fraction on ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activity in HeLa and SKOV-3 cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The strongest cytotoxic activity on cancer cells showed the fraction C (IC50 was 3.91 ± 0.03 for HeLa, 3.97 ± 0.07 for SKOV-3, and 7.75 ± 0.37 for MOLT-4) with the highest content of steroidal saponins (163.18 ± 11.03 μg/mg) and flavone C-glycosides (820.18 ± 0.05 μg/mg). The fraction significantly increased ROS production (up to four times higher than in keratinocytes as control) and caspases activity in the cells. The examined flavonoids did not exhibit the cytotoxic activity in contrast to yamogenin, tigogenin, and diosgenin. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results complement the data on the cytotoxic activity of Foenugraeci Semen and synergistic effect of flavonoids and saponins complex contained in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Król-Kogus
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kimel
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J. Renata Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- CONTACT Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Plumbagin induces Ishikawa cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Methyl protodioscin from Polygonatum sibiricum inhibits cervical cancer through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Natural Compound Methyl Protodioscin Suppresses Proliferation and Inhibits Glycolysis in Pancreatic Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7343090. [PMID: 29736179 PMCID: PMC5875068 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7343090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is one of the main bioactive components in the plant of Dioscoreaceae. MPD has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activities. However, its role in pancreatic cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. In the present study, we demonstrated that MPD inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that MPD decreased oncogene c-Myc in protein level and resulted in concomitant reduction in glycolysis. In vivo assays with xenograft mouse model further confirmed the in vitro observations, which indicated that MPD inhibited 18FDG uptake in tumors formed by subcutaneously injection of MIA PaCa-2 cells. Collectively, our present study uncovered novel antitumor functions of MPD in pancreatic cancer and provided the possible molecular mechanism.
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Tseng SC, Shen TS, Wu CC, Chang IL, Chen HY, Hsieh CP, Cheng CH, Chen CL. Methyl Protodioscin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Caspase-Dependent and MAPK Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2670-2676. [PMID: 28301149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (MPD), a furostanol saponin derived from the rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca (Dioscoreaceae), has been shown to exhibit broad bioactivities such as anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms by which MPD induced apoptosis in MG-63 cells. The data showed that MPD significantly suppressed cell growth (cell viabilities: 22.5 ± 1.9% for 8 μM MPD versus 100 ± 1.4% for control, P < 0.01) and enhanced cell apoptosis. The exposure to MPD resulted in a significant induction of reactive oxygen species, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 (P < 0.01, all cases). Furthermore, treatment with MPD increased the levels of phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK and markedly decreased the levels of phosphorylated ERK in MG-63 cells. Co-administration of the JNK-specific antagonist, the p38-specific antagonist, or the caspase antagonist (P < 0.05, all cases) has reversed the apoptotic effects in MPD treatment. We also found that exposure to MPD resulted in a significant reduction in the protein level of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, survivin, and XIAP (P < 0.05, all cases). In conclusion, our results indicate that MPD induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, at least in part, by caspase-dependent and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Shan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Chieh Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 40227, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ing-Lin Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Yao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Pu Hsieh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hsiang Cheng
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Nursing, Da Yeh University , Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Inhibition of cathepsin S confers sensitivity to methyl protodioscin in oral cancer cells via activation of p38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45039. [PMID: 28327651 PMCID: PMC5361207 DOI: 10.1038/srep45039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Approximately 90% of oral cancers are subtyped to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and improvement in treatment modalities, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, an effective chemotherapy mechanism that enhances tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutics is urgently needed. Methyl protodioscin (MP) is a furostanol bisglycoside with a wide range of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the antitumor activity of MP on OSCC and its underlying mechanisms. Our results show that treatment of OSCC cells with MP potently inhibited cell viability. Moreover, MP leading to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, which subsequently activates caspase-3, -8, -9 and PARP to induce cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, we also demonstrate that MP induces a robust autophagy in OSCC cells. The results indicate cathepsin S (CTSS) is involved in MP-induced apoptosis and autophagy by modulation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 pathways. These findings may provide rationale to combine MP with CTSS blockade for the effective treatment of OSCC.
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Zhang X, Huang Z, Wu S, Lin R, Liu J, Su N. Investigation of antitumor mechanism of the chiral ruthenium complex Λ-[Ru(phen) 2 p-MOPIP] 2+ in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chung YL, Pan CH, Wang CCN, Hsu KC, Sheu MJ, Chen HF, Wu CH. Methyl Protodioscin, a Steroidal Saponin, Inhibits Neointima Formation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1635-1644. [PMID: 27227546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Restenosis (or neointimal hyperplasia) remains a clinical limitation of percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are known to be involved in the development of restenosis. The present study aimed to investigate the ability and molecular mechanisms of methyl protodioscin (1), a steroidal saponin isolated from the root of Dioscorea nipponica, to inhibit neointimal formation. Our study demonstrated that 1 markedly inhibited the growth and migration of VSMCs (A7r5 cells). A cytometric analysis suggested that 1 induced growth inhibition by arresting VSMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A rat carotid artery balloon injury model indicated that neointima formation of the balloon-injured vessel was markedly reduced after extravascular administration of 1. Compound 1 decreased the expression levels of ADAM15 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 15) and its downstream signaling pathways in the VSMCs. Moreover, the expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were also suppressed by 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms appear to be mediated, in part, through the downregulation of ADAM15, FAK, ERK, and PI3K/Akt.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Carotid Artery Injuries
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Dioscorea/chemistry
- Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives
- Diosgenin/chemistry
- Diosgenin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hyperplasia/drug therapy
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Models, Theoretical
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Saponins/chemistry
- Saponins/isolation & purification
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lung Chung
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Charles C-N Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Cancer Biology and Drug Dsicovery, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Wang ZM, Lu J, Zhang LY, Lin XZ, Chen KM, Chen ZJ, Liu FJ, Yan FH, Teng GJ, Mao AW. Biological effects of low-dose-rate irradiation of pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro using 125I seeds. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2336-2342. [PMID: 25741139 PMCID: PMC4342908 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i8.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the mechanism of the radiation-induced biological effects of 125I seeds on pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro.
METHODS: SW1990 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines were cultured in DMEM in a suitable environment. Gray’s model of iodine-125 (125I) seed irradiation was used. In vitro, exponential phase SW1990, and PANC-1 cells were exposed to 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy using 125I radioactive seeds, with an initial dose rate of 12.13 cGy/h. A clonogenic survival experiment was performed to observe the ability of the cells to maintain their clonogenic capacity and to form colonies. Cell-cycle and apoptosis analyses were conducted to detect the apoptosis percentage in the SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. DNA synthesis was measured via a tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation experiment. After continuous low-dose-rate irradiation with 125I radioactive seeds, the survival fractions at 2 Gy (SF2), percentage apoptosis, and cell cycle phases of the SW1990 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines were calculated and compared.
RESULTS: The survival fractions of the PANC-1 and SW1990 cells irradiated with 125I seeds decreased exponentially as the dose increased. No significant difference in SF2 was observed between SW1990 and PANC-1 cells (0.766 ± 0.063 vs 0.729 ± 0.045, P < 0.05). The 125I seeds induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than that observed in the control in both the SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. The rate of apoptosis increased with increasing radiation dosage. The percentage of apoptosis was slightly higher in the SW1990 cells than in the PANC-1 cells. Dose-dependent G2/M cell-cycle arrest was observed after 125I seed irradiation, with a peak value at 6 Gy. As the dose increased, the percentage of G2/M cell cycle arrest increased in both cell lines, whereas the rate of DNA incorporation decreased. In the 3H-TdR incorporation experiment, the dosimetry results of both the SW1990 and PANC-1 cells decreased as the radiation dose increased, with a minimum at 6 Gy. There were no significant differences in the dosimetry results of the two cell lines when they were exposed to the same dose of radiation.
CONCLUSION: The pancreatic cancer cell-killing effects induced by 125I radioactive seeds mainly occurred via apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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