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He S, Wang X, Chen J, Li X, Gu W, Zhang F, Cao G, Yu J. Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technology of Steroidal Saponins from Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl and Evaluating Its Quality Planted in Different Areas. Molecules 2022; 27:1463. [PMID: 35268565 PMCID: PMC8911577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl is one of the famous traditional Chinese herbs with satisfactory therapeutic effects on invigorating Qi, nourishing Yin and moistening lungs, in which steroidal saponins are one class of important active substances. The main purpose is to determine the optimal extraction technology of steroidal saponins and evaluate the quality of P. kingianum planted in five different areas. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technology was established by using single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM), and the determination method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for dioscin and diosgenin, two primary types of acid-hydrolyzed steroidal saponins, was constructed with good linear range and precision. The results showed that UAE was an efficient extraction method for steroidal saponins, and the extraction yield was significantly affected by the liquid-solid ratio. The optimal extraction technology was generated following a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an ethanol concentration of 85% (v/v), an extraction time of 75 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C and three extractions, of which these parameters were in line with the predicted values calculated by RSM. Considering only dioscin and diosgenin, the quality of P. kingianum planted at five sample plots presented non-significant difference. However, the content of diosgenin in Pingbian Prefecture (PB) was higher than that of the other four areas with a value of 0.46 mg/g. Taken together, the optimal UAE technology for P. kingianum steroidal saponins was determined via RSM. The quality evaluation revealed that there was a non-significant difference among P. kingianum planted in different areas based on the contents of the sum of dioscin and diosgenin. This work has important reference value for the exploitation and utilization of P. kingianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Jiaqiang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaogang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wen Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guanhua Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (S.H.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (W.G.); (F.Z.)
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Yang C, Li B, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xia G, Shen Y, Chen J, Shao J, Yang Y, Yang H. Conversion of Dioscorea zingiberensis saponins to prosapogenin A by enzymatic hydrolysis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 37:1421-1428. [PMID: 34866518 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prosapogenin A is a secondary saponin in Dioscorea zingiberensis, and it showed remarkable pharmacological effects. Due to very low content and lack of well-developed biotransformation, its preparation was not efficient and clean. This study aims to establish an eco-friendly strategy for preparation of Prosapogenin A from plant material. Physical separation was employed to recycle starch and cellulose, and then D101 resin and polyamide packed-bed column was incorporated for purification of total steroidal saponins (TSS). After these pretreatments, purity of TSS was largely increased to 83.2% with recovery at 87.6%, which was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Optimized reaction system was constructed in 0.20 M HAc-NaAc buffer (pH4.2) containing cellulase/TSS (3:1, w/w), and the hydrolysis was performed at 53 °C for 6 h. Consequently, TSS was almost completely hydrolyzed to Prosapogenin A, while the highest yield reached 5.62%. The newly proposed approach is promising for efficient preparation of Prosapogenin A in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuping Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jixuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiali Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaya Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Cheng J, Chen J, Liu X, Li X, Zhang W, Dai Z, Lu L, Zhou X, Cai J, Zhang X, Jiang H, Ma Y. The origin and evolution of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in yam. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100079. [PMID: 33511341 PMCID: PMC7816074 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, mainly produced by Dioscorea species, is a traditional precursor of most hormonal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The mechanisms that underlie the origin and evolution of diosgenin biosynthesis in plants remain unclear. After sequencing the whole genome of Dioscorea zingiberensis, we revealed the evolutionary trajectory of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea and demonstrated the de novo biosynthesis of diosgenin in a yeast cell factory. First, we found that P450 gene duplication and neo-functionalization, driven by positive selection, played important roles in the origin of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, we found that the enrichment of diosgenin in the yam lineage was regulated by CpG islands, which evolved to regulate gene expression in the diosgenin pathway and balance the carbon flux between the biosynthesis of diosgenin and starch. Finally, by integrating genes from plants, animals, and yeast, we heterologously synthesized diosgenin to 10 mg/l in genetically-engineered yeast. Our study not only reveals the origin and evolutionary mechanisms of the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway in Dioscorea, but also introduces an alternative approach for the production of diosgenin through synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- Research Center for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China
| | - Zhubo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Research Center for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Obidiegwu JE, Lyons JB, Chilaka CA. The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)-An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials. Foods 2020; 9:E1304. [PMID: 32947880 PMCID: PMC7555206 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E. Obidiegwu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Km 8 Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene Road, P.M.B 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Cynthia A. Chilaka
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straβe 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; or
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Shen Y, Wang M, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu L, Wu M, Xia G, Tam JP, Yu J, Teng X, Yang H, Jia X. Eco-efficient biphasic enzymatic hydrolysis for the green production of rare baohuoside I. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shen Y, Wang M, Chen Y, Xu L, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Tam JP, Han F, Yang H, Jia X. Convenient preparation of sagittatoside B, a rare bioactive secondary flavonol glycoside, by recyclable and integrated biphase enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 121:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Guohua X, Pan R, Bao R, Ge Y, Zhou C, Shen Y. Rapid Quantitative Analysis of Naringenin in the Fruit Bodies of Inonotus vaninii by Two-phase Acid Hydrolysis Followed by Reversed Phase-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-ultra Violet. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:659-662. [PMID: 29200729 PMCID: PMC5701407 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_350_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sanghuang is one of mystical traditional Chinese medicines recorded earliest 2000 years ago, that included various fungi of Inonotus genus and was well-known for antitumor effect in modern medicine. Inonotus vaninii is grown in natural forest of Northeastern China merely and used as Sanghuang commercially, but it has no quality control specification until now. This study was to establish a rapid method of two-phase acid hydrolysis followed by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet (RP-HPLC-UV) to quantify naringenin in the fruit body of I. vaninii. Materials and Methods: Sample solution was prepared by pretreatment of raw material in two-phase acid hydrolysis and the hydrolysis technology was optimized. After reconstitution, analysis was performed using RP-HPLC-UV. The method validation was investigated and the naringenin content of sample and comparison were determined. Results: The naringenin was obtained by two-phase acid hydrolysis method, namely, 10.0 g of raw material was hydrolyzed in 200 mL of 1% sulfuric acid aqueous solution (v/v) and 400 mL of chloroform in oil bath at 110°C for 2 h. Good linearity (r = 0.9992) was achieved between concentration of analyte and peak area. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of precision was 2.47% and the RSD of naringenin contents for repeatability was 3.13%. The accuracy was supported with recoveries at 96.37%, 97.30%, and 99.31%. The sample solution prepared using the proposed method contained higher content of naringenin than conventional method and was stable for 8 h. Conclusion: Due to the high efficiency of sample preparation and high reliability of the HPLC method, it is feasible to use this method for routine analysis of naringenin in the fungus. SUMMARY A convenient two-phase acid hydrolysis was employed to produce naringenin from raw material, and then an efficient and reliable reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet method was established to monitor naringenin in the fruit bodies of Inonotus vaninii. The newly established method could be used to control the quality of the herb.
Abbreviations used: RP-HPLC-UV: Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultra Violet, RSD: Relative Standard Deviation, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate, ACN: Acetonitrile, MeOH: Methanol, RH: Relative Humility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guohua
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ruirong Pan
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Ge
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Shen
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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