1
|
Noohi AH, Shojaaldini Ardakani H, Khashayar K, Najafi L. Elejalde syndrome - A neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease: A case report. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2024; 15:193-198. [PMID: 38463909 PMCID: PMC10921110 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.15.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Elejalde syndrome is a rare neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease with an autosomal recessive heredity. Patients usually present with silvery-gray hair, neurological abormalities, diffuse skin hypopigmentation and suntanned skin color. Case Presentation A 3 1/2-year-old boy presented with hemiplegia since the day before admission. Durig hospital admission, he experienced episodes of status epilepticus and loss of consciousness and underwent mechanical ventilation. The patient had silvery-gray hair, consequently the pathologic evaluation of the hair shaft, revealed enlarged irregularly spaced melanin clumps characteristic for silvery-gray hair syndrome. No immunologic dysfunction was detected due to immunological evaluations, subsequently Elejalde syndrome was confirmed. Conclusion This study adds one new case to the known cases of Elejalde syndrome and confirms that Elejalde patients may not exhibit neurological symptoms until an older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Noohi
- Department of Pediatric, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Kiavash Khashayar
- Department of Pediatric, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Laily Najafi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta J, Sharma P, Ameta P, Mathur DK, Gupta A. Griscelli Syndrome Type 1: Hair Microscopy Clinches the Diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:195-196. [PMID: 36512299 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pooja Ameta
- Department of Dermatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ashok Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siddiahgari S, Soma SK, Penmetcha C, Vaddadi S, Bandi V, Lingappa L. Case series on Silvery Hair Syndromes: Single Center Experience. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:164-168. [PMID: 36092238 PMCID: PMC9455113 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_723_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silvery Hair Syndromes (SHS), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, includes Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), Griscelli syndrome (GS), Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), and Elejalde syndrome. Associated immunological and neurological defects and predilection for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) makes them a distinctive entity in pediatric practice. Thorough clinical examination, bedside investigations such as peripheral blood smear (PBS) and hair microscopy, and bone marrow (BM) examination are inexpensive and reliable diagnostic tools. Methods We report 12 cases with SHS (CHS, n = 06; GS, n = 04; HPS, n = 02). Results 8 out of 12 SHS children (CHS-05, GS-03) presented with HLH. Out of 5 cases of CHS with HLH, 2 died, 3rd is stable post-chemotherapy; 4th completed chemotherapy, underwent matched related hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and is stable 8 months off treatment. The 5th child completed chemotherapy and is in process of transplant. One CHS child without HLH is thriving without any treatment. Of the 4 GS cases, 3 presented with HLH and received chemotherapy (HLH 2004 protocol). One lost follow-up after initial remission; another had recurrence 7 months off treatment and discontinued further treatment. The third child had recurrence 1.5 years after initial chemotherapy; HLH 2004 protocol was restarted followed by HSCT from matched sibling donor; is currently well, 2.5 years post-transplant. One child with GS had neurological features with no evidence of HLH and did not take treatment. Of 2 children with HPS, one presented with severe sepsis and the other with neurological problems. They were managed symptomatically. Conclusion In SHS with HLH, chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a promising curative option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisharani Siddiahgari
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Soma
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Sandhya Vaddadi
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Varshini Bandi
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh A, Garg A, Kapoor S, Khurana N, Entesarian M, Tesi B. An Indian boy with griscelli syndrome type 2: case report and review of literature. Indian J Dermatol 2014; 59:394-7. [PMID: 25071262 PMCID: PMC4103279 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome 2 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of pigmentary dilution of hair, skin, splenohepatomegaly, pancytopenia, immune and neurologic dysfunction. Clinical course is characterized by recurrent infection triggered by uncontrolled T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation, called hemophagocytic syndrome. Since the primary presentation is with depigmented hair, we attempt to highlight diagnostic difficulties in such cases in developing countries like ours where pigmentary changes in hair and skin are commonly attributed to severe malnutrition. We also evaluated phenotype of all 10 cases of genotype (c.C550T; p.R184X), collected from published literature worldwide and emphasize the potential role of above mutation as hotspot in Southeast Asian region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Khurana
- Department of Pathology, MAMC Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Miriam Entesarian
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Tesi
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karande S, Agarwal S, Gandhi B, Muranjan M. Chediak-Higashi syndrome in accelerated phase masquerading as severe acute malnutrition. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr2014203763. [PMID: 24686807 PMCID: PMC3975529 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A toddler presented with poor appetite, weight loss and frequent respiratory tract infections for the past 6 months, fever and increasing paleness for the past 2 months and bilateral pedal oedema for the past 1 month. Anthropometry confirmed severe acute malnutrition. Clinical and laboratory evaluation revealed that the child also had hypopigmented hair and skin, splenohepatomegaly, pancytopenia and hypoalbuminaemia. The coexistence of hypopigmentation and suspected low immunity prompted us to investigate the child's hair, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow. Hair under light microscopy showed evenly distributed, large melanin granules, suggestive of Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate examinations revealed abnormal large intracytoplasmic granules, which was diagnostic of CHS. The child's investigations revealed coexistent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, confirming the diagnosis of CHS in 'accelerated phase', which is fatal if not treated. The parents prematurely took the child home against medical advice, before definitive therapy could be instituted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Karande
- Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
SAEED M, HAQ AU, QADIR K. Bart's Syndrome Associated Corpus Callosum Agenesis and Choanal Atresia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2014; 8:76-9. [PMID: 25657775 PMCID: PMC4307373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bart's syndrome is defined as congenital localized absence of skin, and associated with epidermolysis bullosa. A newborn with Bart's syndrome is reported because it is a very rare condition, especially when associated with corpus callosum agenesis and concomitant choanal atresia. Clinically it is characterized by raw beefy areas of denuded skin mainly on hands and feet. We report a rare case of a term female newborn born to non-consanguineous parents who presented with congenital absence of skin in, face, trunk and extremities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a case of Bart's syndrome associated with corpus callosum agenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad SAEED
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar ul HAQ
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Griscelli syndrome: a case report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2014; 8:72-5. [PMID: 25657774 PMCID: PMC4307372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder that presents with pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, neurologic problems, hypogammaglobulinemia, and variable cellular immunodeficiency. Three mutations have been described in different phenotypes of the disease. In most of cases, GS leads to death in the first decade of life. In this article, we report a one-year-old child with type 2 GS who suffers from pigmentation disorder and hypogammaglobulinemia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rezende KM, Canela AHC, Ortega AOL, Tintel C, Bonecker M. Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and Premature Exfoliation of Primary Teeth. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:667-70. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare hereditary fatal disease, if not treated. These changes are associated with various diseases and syndromes that mainly cause periodontal disease and thus the premature loss of teeth. This paper describes the monitoring of premature loss of primary teeth that began when the child was 5 years old. On presentation his teeth were mobile and there was a history of gingival bleeding. Panoramic radiography revealed generalized and severe bone loss, and the teeth showed no bony support enough for their stability. Blood test was ordered to assess the overall health of the child and giant cells with cytoplasmic granules were found, confirming the diagnosis of CHS. The management of periodontal disease focused on the control of infection and bacterial plaque by mechanical and chemical methods.
Collapse
|