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Haddad YG, Sturzu L, Bisch M, Yasukawa K, Baudet A. Empathy of dental students and educators in French hospitals: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2023. [PMID: 37045795 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Empathy is a key factor in the dentist-patient relationship. The aim of this study was to determine empathy in dental students and educators in French hospital dental services. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students and educators who practiced in 10 hospital dental services affiliated with the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Lorraine in France. A questionnaire was self-administered online using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE). The study included 209 participants comprising 50 students in fourth year, 66 students in fifth year, 48 students in sixth year, and 45 educators. Participants were 63.6% females, aged 27 ± 8 years. The mean empathy score was 109.40 ± 11.65. The sub-scores of the three dimensions were 57.02 ± 6.64 for Perspective Taking, 42.56 ± 6.22 for Compassionate Care, and 9.78 ± 2.61 for Walking in the Patient's Shoes. Females showed significant higher empathy scores than males (111.36 vs. 105.84). The empathy score was correlated with age and insignificantly decreased during clinical training (from 110.06 in fourth year to 106.63 in sixth year). French dental students and educators showed high levels of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Sturzu
- Psychiatric Private Practice, Sarreguemines, France
| | | | - Kazutoyo Yasukawa
- CHRU-Nancy, service d'odontologie, Nancy, France
- Faculté d'odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Baudet
- CHRU-Nancy, service d'odontologie, Nancy, France
- Faculté d'odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Detsomboonrat P, Theppanich S, Banyen S, Hongviphat S, Khamnil Y, Lapauthaya K, Somboonsavatdee A, Min SN. Empathy level towards patients among thai dental students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 36997938 PMCID: PMC10061995 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop the Jefferson scale of Empathy - Health Professions student version (JSE-HPS) for the dental student in the Thai version and assess the empathy level in students across gender, universities, and year of dental education. METHODS JSE-HPS original version was translated to develop the draft Thai JSE-HPS version and was administered to 5 dental students for a pilot test. The final questionnaires (JSE-HPS) were completed by 439 dental students from five public universities and one private in Thailand in the 2021-2022 academic year. The internal consistency and reliability (test-retest) of the questionnaires were tested by using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Factor analysis was used to examine the underlying factors of the JSE-HPS (Thai language). RESULTS The JSE-HPS represented good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.83). Factor analysis revealed, "Compassionate Care", "Perspective Taking" and "Ability to stand in Patients' Shoes" as the first, second, and third factors, respectively. The mean empathy score of dental students was 114.30 (SD = 13.06) from the total score of 140. There were no significant differences in the empathy levels among genders, study programs, grades, universities, regions, types of universities, and years of study. CONCLUSION The findings confirm the reliability and validity of the JSE-HPS (Thai version) to measure the empathy level among dental students. Integrating empathic elements into the dental curriculum will help student learning to be more effective and improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palinee Detsomboonrat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Theppanich
- Undergraduate dental student, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suttida Banyen
- Undergraduate dental student, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sansern Hongviphat
- Undergraduate dental student, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Komsun Lapauthaya
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anupap Somboonsavatdee
- Department of Statistics, Chulalongkorn Business School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saw Nay Min
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Naguib GH, Ghandour R, Alnowaiser AM, Mously HA, Althenayan LM, Alnasser AA, Hamed MT. Appraisal of empathy among dental interns and postgraduate students at King Abdulaziz University: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:78-85. [PMID: 36048615 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Empathetic communication of dentists with their patients is a primary characteristic of their health care. This study aims to evaluate dental students' empathy levels during the transitional period of internship and postgraduate studies of different specialties at one of the oldest dental schools in Saudi Arabia and explore how this empathy was affected by gender, age, and study duration. METHODS In this study, the self-reported empathy level among the participants was assessed using the Jefferson scale of empathy-student version (JSE-HPS). This survey includes a 20-question Likert scale formulated to measure clinical empathy in health care professionals. The JSE-HPS was distributed to all registered dental interns and postgraduate students during the academic year 2019-20 in King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Mean total score of empathy of the participants was (101.07 ± 14.8) with a response rate of 89%. A statistically significant higher empathy score appeared among dental postgraduate students in general (p = 0.04) and specifically among the females (p = 0.04) and those with postgraduate programs for more than four years, (p = 0.02). Dental postgraduate students scored significantly higher in the parameters of standing in patients' shoes (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Gender, academic level, and duration of postgraduates' studies influenced empathy more than the age of the dental graduates in KAUFD. Our recommendation is to integrate empathy into the dental curriculum emphasizing interactive communication skills and early patient contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada H Naguib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghad Ghandour
- General Dentist, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Alnowaiser
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Mously
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwa M Althenayan
- Department of childhood studies, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed T Hamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Saha S, Narang R, Aggarwal VP, Brinda GS, Kavita D. Comparison of Self-Reported Empathy Levels among Dental Undergraduate Students in Northern India: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:255-258. [PMID: 34759682 PMCID: PMC8525808 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_744_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Empathy is one of the fundamentals of communication relevant within the practice of dentistry, and the research is limited in this field. Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the self-reported empathy levels among dental undergraduate students in Lucknow city of Northern India. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among three dental colleges of Lucknow city during July 2019–September 2019. Subjects and Methods: E-survey link was circulated among 790 students through e-mails. It has two parts. The first part included sociodemographic information, wherein the second part, the empathy level of students was assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Profession Students Version Questionnaire. The possible score range is 20–140: the higher the mean score, the higher the self-reported empathy level. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Chi-square test was used to test gender distribution differences among different years. One-way analysis of variance including post hoc tests was used to compare the differences between study variables. Results: The mean ± standard deviation empathy score was 92.55 ± 11.85, 91.85 ± 12.23, 93.25 ± 11.24, 93.37 ± 12.31, and 88.34 ± 12.01 among the first-year, second-year, third-year, final-year, and interns' students, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of the present study that the mean empathy score was highest among final-year students which is suggestive of the impact of education in behavioral sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Saha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ridhi Narang
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vikram Pal Aggarwal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendra Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Godhi S Brinda
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhinsa Kavita
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ghaus S, Waheed MA, Khan SZ, Mustafa L, Siddique S, Quershi AW. Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Levels of Empathy among Undergraduate Dental Students in Pakistan. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:S110-S115. [PMID: 33368066 PMCID: PMC7775212 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of our study is to determine the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of empathy toward patients among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted at Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan. After taking an informed consent, a validated and pretested Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) was distributed amongst the undergraduate dental students at two points, one before the COVID-19 existed, and the other after August 7th, 2020, when the COVID-19 cases dropped in Pakistan. Responses were indicated on a five point Likert Scale.
Statistical Analysis
A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to compare the TEQ scores between the different years of education at the dental school. Difference within the groups was analyzed using the post-hoc Tukey test. Pre- and post-COVID-19 comparison was done using the Chi-square test (significance level
p
< 0.05).
Results
A total of 221 out of 260 students in the pre-COVID-19 group, while 210 out of 260 students in the post-COVID-19 group enrolled in the dentistry program participated in the study. Significant difference in the empathy levels was observed in the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups of the same population, i.e., (
p
< 0.05). The response rate was 85%.
Conclusions
This study showed an increase in mean empathy scores among the undergraduate dental students after COVID-19, indicating a significant improvement in their empathy levels during the time of COVID-19. It highlights the impact of the pandemic, whereby death and chaos seem to have brought about an improvement in interpersonal harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Ghaus
- Department of Dental Materials, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Abdul Waheed
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahreen Zahid Khan
- Department of Dental Materials, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Laila Mustafa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Siddique
- Department of Periodontics, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Waqar Quershi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Naguib GH, Sindi AM, Attar MH, Alshouibi EN, Hamed MT. A Cross-Sectional Study of Empathy Among Dental Students at King Abdulaziz University. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:22-26. [PMID: 31977091 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is the fundamental substructure of moral behavior. Skillful clinicians may not necessarily be successful dentists if they do not have sufficient empathy. The aim of this study was to assess the level of empathy among dental students at King Abdulaziz University with an emphasis on the effect of gender and study level. A cross-sectional study was carried out among third- to sixth-year dental students of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A validated, self-administered Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student Version was distributed in academic year 2016-17 to all 380 students in the third to sixth years. A total of 300 students responded, for a response rate of 78.9%. The results showed that the students' mean empathy score was 84.84±11.28 on a range from 20 to 140. The fifth- and sixth-year students had higher scores than the third- and fourth-year students although the differences were not statistically significant. The mean empathy score of women students was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of men students, and the women demonstrated significantly better perspective-taking (p<0.001) than the men. This study found that the students were empathetic and had a sense of moral obligation although their mean empathy score was not as high as expected. Integrating empathic, ethical, and professional elements into the dental curriculum is needed.
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Narang R, Mittal L, Saha S, Aggarwal VP, Sood P, Mehra S. Empathy among dental students: A systematic review of literature. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:316-326. [PMID: 31710004 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_72_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is just as relevant within dentistry, although research is limited in this field and very less is available in the current literature. The demonstration of empathy by dentists has been correlated with decreased dental fear. The authors systematically reviewed the literature to investigate empathy levels among dental students. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was undertaken concerning dental students' empathy, published from November 2016 to June 2018, using manual methods and the PubMed, PMC, PsycINFO, and other databases. Articles not in English and not concerned with dentistry were excluded, and intervention studies intended to enhance empathy, opinion articles, and reviews or reports of nonoriginal research were excluded. Eligible studies were those published from January 1, 2005, to May 31, 2017, in English language. A total of 34 full-text articles were obtained and assessed. Of these 34 papers, only seven publications were considered to have met the inclusion criteria and were directly related to the aim of literature search. RESULTS Only seven articles that provided data and evidence describing empathy among dental students were included. Four studies reported that the difference in mean empathy level across the year of study was statistically significant (P < 0.05), and one reported that there was no significant difference in empathy scores between the year levels of study. Three articles reported that males had higher mean empathy score than females, whereas vice versa was found in the remaining four articles. CONCLUSION This article demonstrates that there is only a limited evidence to provide the understanding of empathy among dental students. The results indicated that as patient exposure increases, the empathy level decreases among dental students. Furthermore, it is observed that education in behavioral sciences may be effective in increasing self-reported empathy, and further training may be necessary to maintain high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhi Narang
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Litik Mittal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Saha
- Department of Pedodontics, SPPGIDMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Pal Aggarwal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Poonam Sood
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, HS Judge Dental College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shyam Mehra
- Department of SPM, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Rosenzweig J, Blaizot A, Cougot N, Pegon-Machat E, Hamel O, Apelian N, Bedos C, Munoz-Sastre MT, Vergnes JN. Effect of a Person-Centered Course on the Empathic Ability of Dental Students. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.11.tb06219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rosenzweig
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Research Platform of Toulouse Dental Faculty; Paul Sabatier University; France
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- Department of Public Health; Lille Dental Faculty; Lille 2 University; France
| | - Nancie Cougot
- Department of Restorative and Endodontic Dentistry; Paris Diderot Dental Faculty; Paris France
| | - Estelle Pegon-Machat
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; Dental Faculty; Université d'Auvergne; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Olivier Hamel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; Dental Faculty; Paul Sabatier University; Laboratory of Medical Ethics; Faculty of Medicine; Paris Descartes University; Toulouse EA 4569 France
| | - Nareg Apelian
- Division of Oral Health and Society; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Christophe Bedos
- Division of Oral Health and Society; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
- École de Sante Publique; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | - Jean-Noel Vergnes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Research Platform of Toulouse Dental Faculty; Paul Sabatier University; Toulouse France
- Division of Oral Health and Society; Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montréal Québec Canada
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