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Yimam M, O'neal A, Horm T, Jiao P, Hong M, Rossiter S, Brownell L, Jia Q. Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination with Standardized Bioflavonoid Composition. J Med Food 2021; 24:960-967. [PMID: 33570460 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptom-alleviating therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) management are inadequate. Long-term application of first-line treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is limited due to associated side effects. We believe that a combination of traditionally used botanical extracts, which have diverse active components that target multiple inflammatory pathways, may provide a safe and efficacious alternative to address the multifactorial nature of OA. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of the hemp plant, has gained renewed global attention for its pharmacological actions. It has shown promise in reducing pain and inflammation in preclinical models of arthritis. In this study, widely employed inflammatory and noninflammatory animal pain models, such as the hot plate test, visceral pain model (writhing test), and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, were utilized to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of CBD alone and in combination with standardized bioflavonoid compositions. CBD was tested at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg orally and at 5% topically. Administered alone, CBD produced dose-correlated, statistically significant pain inhibition in all the models. Enhanced performance in pain and inflammation reduction was observed when CBD was orally administered in complex with the bioflavonoid compositions. Data from this study show that for clinically meaningful efficacy against OA, CBD may have to be delivered in higher dosage or formulated with other medicinal plants with similar activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
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Yu SH, Kim HJ, Jeon SY, Kim MR, Lee BS, Lee JJ, Kim DS, Lee YC. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Alpinia Oxyphylla Miquel extracts in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112985. [PMID: 32439403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alpinia Oxyphylla Miquel is a widely used traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of abdominal pain, intestinal disorders, enuresis, and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study we aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of Alpinia Oxyphylla Miquel extracts with 50% ethanol (AOE) in animal models. MATERIAL AND METHOD The anti-inflammatory and nociceptive effects of AOE were estimated in vivo using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, an arachidonic acid-induced mice ear edema model, an acetic acid induced mice writhing test model, and an ex vivo sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) inhibition assay. In vitro inhibition assays for cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were performed to determine the IC50 of AOE. RESULTS Compared with the control, AOE caused a significant inhibition of paw edema, ear thickness, and abdominal constriction in animals. Compared with untreated explants exposed to interleukin-l alpha (IL-1α), preoteoglycan degradation by IL-1α was inhibited (18.2%-82.0%) in explants treated with AOE (50-400 μg/ml). In vitro, IC50 values of AOE were 299.87, 199.07, and 170.29 μg/ml for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of AOE and suggest AOE to be useful for the treatment of osteoarthritis and/or associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Yu
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Se Yeong Jeon
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Mi Ran Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Bo Su Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672, Yuseong-Daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea.
| | - Young Chul Lee
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co., Ltd., 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 31257, South Korea.
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Yimam M, Horm T, Wright L, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Jia Q. UP1306: A Composition Containing Standardized Extracts of Acacia catechu and Morus alba for Arthritis Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:E272. [PMID: 30691120 PMCID: PMC6413154 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation. Although there have been significant advances in OA management, to date, there are no effective treatment options to modify progression of the disease. We believe these unmet needs could be bridged by nutrients from natural products. Collagen induced arthritis in rats was developed and utilized to evaluate anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection activity of orally administered botanical composition, UP1306 (50 mg/kg) and Methotrexate (75 µg/kg) daily for three weeks. Objective arthritis severity markers, urine, synovial lavage, and serum were collected. At necropsy, the hock joint from each rat was collected for histopathology analysis. Urinary cartilage degradation marker (CTX-II), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6), and proteases (Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and 13) were measured. Rats treated with UP1306 showed statistically significant improvements in arthritis severity markers, including uCTX-II (91.4% vs. collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)), serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels as well as synovial MMP-13. The histopathology data were also well aligned with the severity score of arthritis for both UP1306 and Methotrexate. UP1306, a botanical composition that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, could potentially be considered as a dietary supplement product for the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Laura Wright
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Lidia Brownell
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
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Yimam M, Talbott SM, Talbott JA, Brownell L, Jia Q. AmLexin, a Standardized blend of Acacia catechu and Morus alba, shows benefits to delayed onset muscle soreness in healthy runners. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:20-31. [PMID: 30661328 PMCID: PMC6343761 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Sudden and exhaustive exercise causes muscle damage accompanied by oxidative
stress and inflammation, leading to muscle fatigue and soreness. AmLexin
contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia
catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, and is known to possess antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of this proprietary blend supplementation on muscular pain and
redox balance in healthy runners, in comparison to a placebo. [Methods] A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out over 9 weeks
in a single center. Thirty physically active male and female subjects within
18−70 years of age were randomized into AmLexin (mean age = 42.92
± 2.48 and gender 7/5, male/female, respectively) and placebo (mean
age = 41.15 ± 3.5 and gender 10/3, male/female, respectively) groups.
Subjects were supplemented with 400 mg of AmLexin/day or a look-alike
placebo during an 8-week training program, and for one week following a
13.1-mile half-marathon. Twenty-six subjects completed the 9-week
supplementation trial. [Results] Results showed the AmLexin group experienced significantly lower levels of
post-exercise pain on day 1−3 following the half-marathon compared to
the placebo group. The AmLexin group also showed lower post-exercise
oxidative stress and higher antioxidant capacity on days 1 and 6 following
the half-marathon. These results demonstrated the rapid benefits of AmLexin
on pain and oxidative stress within 1−6 days post-exercise. [Conclusion] Our data suggest that AmLexin could be a safe, effective botanical
alternative for delayed onset muscle soreness.
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Talbott SM, Talbott JA, Hantla D. Effect of AmLexin (
Acacia catechu
&
Morus alba
) on Redox Balance and Subjective Pain in Healthy Runners. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.724.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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The Effects of Morus alba and Acacia catechu on Quality of Life and Overall Function in Adults with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:4893104. [PMID: 29085676 PMCID: PMC5612321 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4893104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of UP1306 on discomfort and function in adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 135 subjects received UP1306, a standardized, proprietary extract of Morus alba and Acacia catechu, glucosamine chondroitin, or placebo for 12 weeks. Discomfort, stiffness, and activities of daily living measured by the WOMAC questionnaire and VAS (pain/discomfort) were improved within all groups. Range of motion and distance walked were improved. There were no changes in TNFα levels for any of the products. There was a significant difference in urinary C-telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II), a marker of cartilage degradation between UP1306, and placebo after 12 weeks (p = 0.029). All efficacy measurements were improved from baseline to most time-points for UP1306, the comparator, and placebo without a significant association between the products. There was a significant difference between the changes of uCTX-II for UP1306 and placebo after 12 weeks. Early intervention with UP1306 aimed at reducing bone and cartilage degradation through reported inhibition of catabolic proinflammatory pathways may help to prevent joint cartilage damage. This study is registered with Clinical Trial ID ISRCTN15418623.
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Yimam M, Horm T, Wright L, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Jia Q. Cartilage Protection and Analgesic Activity of a Botanical Composition Comprised of Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:7059068. [PMID: 28904559 PMCID: PMC5585569 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7059068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been augmented advances in drug discovery, current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of successful therapies proven to be effective in modifying disease progression. For some, the risk outweighs the benefit. As a result, there is a desperate need for safe and efficacious natural alternatives. Here we evaluated a composition from Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monoiodoacetate- (MIA-) induced rat OA disease model. Study lasted for 6 weeks. 59.6%, 64.6%, 70.7%, 69.9%, and 70.3% reductions in pain sensitivity were observed for rats treated with the composition from week 1 to week 5, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity (maintained at 57.1% versus MIA + vehicle treated rats) were shown from the modified total Mankin score for animals treated with the composition. The composition showed a statistically significant reduction in uCTX-II level (54.1% reductions). The merit of combining these botanicals was also demonstrated in their synergistic analgesic activity. Therefore, the standardized blend of Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Laura Wright
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. J Med Food 2017; 20:568-576. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the role of miR-320a in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Human cartilage cells (C28/I2) were transfected with miR-320a or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)-miR-320a, and treated with IL-1β. Subsequently the expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (Col2α1) and aggrecan (ACAN), and the concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13), were assessed. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot were performed to explore whether pre-B-cell leukemia Homeobox 3 (PBX3) was a target of miR-320a. Furthermore, cells were co-transfected with miR-320a and PBX3 expressing vector, or cells were transfected with miR-320a and treated with a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) antagonist MG132. The changes in Col2α1 and ACAN expression, and in sGAG and MMP-13 concentrations, were measured again. Statistical comparisons were made between two groups by using the two-tailed paired t-test. Results Expression of miR-320a was elevated in OA cartilage tissues and chondrocytes, and in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). MiR-320a overexpression enhanced IL-1β-induced down-regulation of Col2α1 and ACAN and sGAG, and increased the IL-1β-induced overexpression of MMP-13 (p < 0.01). PBX3 was a direct target of miR-320a. PBX3 and MG132 co-transfection attenuated the effects of miR-320a on the expression of Col2α1, ACAN, sGAG and MMP-13(p < 0.01). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-320a might enhance IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation factors. These effects might be via targeting PBX3 and regulating NF-κB. Cite this article: Y. Jin, X. Chen, Z. Y. Gao, K. Liu, Y. Hou, J. Zheng. The role of miR-320a and IL-1β in human chondrocyte degradation. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–203. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0224.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Z Y Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - K Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory degenerative process that affects joints such as the hands, hips, shoulders, feet, spine, and especially knees in millions of people worldwide. Some authors have shown that Curcuma longa components may exhibit benefic effects in the treatment of degenerative diseases as OA. This plant belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and it is popularly known as turmeric or saffron. This review intended to perform a retrospective search to identify studies involving humans and animal models. This review was based on articles linking OA and C. longa. Databases as Medline, Science Direct, and Lilacs were consulted and a retrospective search was carried out in order to identify studies involving humans and animal models. The curcuminoids from C. longa exhibit actions at different locations in the pathogenesis of OA once it may play an important role as anti-inflammatory, down-regulating enzymes as phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, and lipoxygenases, and reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-and interleukins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8. They also act as inducer of apoptosis in synoviocytes, decreasing the inflammation process and may also reduce the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. For these reasons, new pharmaceutical technology and pharmacological studies should be proposed to determine the dose, the best delivery vehicle, pharmaceutical formulation and route of administration of this plant so its use as an adjunct in the treatment of OA may become a reality in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cristina Akuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Meira Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Marília - SP, Brazil
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