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Pandey NK, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kumar B, Kapoor B, Ghosh D, Kumar R, Khursheed R, Awasthi A, Kuppusamy G, Wadhwa S, Satija S, Dureja H, Jain SK, Chellappan DK, Anand K, Mehta M, Dua K. Overcoming the dissolution rate, gastrointestinal permeability and oral bioavailability of glimepiride and simvastatin co-delivered in the form of nanosuspension and solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system: A comparative study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Park JW, Kim KA, Choi YJ, Yoon SH, Park JY. Effect of glimepiride on the pharmacokinetics of teneligliptin in healthy Korean subjects. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:720-725. [PMID: 31094010 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Teneligliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, commonly prescribed in combination with glimepiride. Teneligliptin is metabolized by CYP3A4, and glimepiride might be partly metabolized by CYP3A4. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of glimepiride on the pharmacokinetics of teneligliptin in healthy subjects. METHODS A repeated dose, open-label, fixed-sequence study was conducted in 26 healthy subjects. All participants were administered 20 mg teneligliptin daily for 6 days. On day 7, 4 mg glimepiride was administered together with 20 mg teneligliptin. Plasma teneligliptin concentrations were measured at a steady state, and its pharmacokinetic characteristics were compared without and with glimepiride. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION No statistically significant difference was found in the effect of glimepiride on teneligliptin pharmacokinetics. The steady-state Cmax,ss values of teneligliptin without and with glimepiride were 207.01 ng/mL and 202.15 ng/mL, respectively. Its AUCτ values at steady-state without and with glimepiride were 1527.8 ng · h/mL and 1578.6 ng · h/mL, respectively. The point estimation of geometric mean ratios (GMR) and the 90% confidence interval for both Cmax,ss and AUCτ were within the equivalence range of 0.8-1.25. The results of the present study revealed that glimepiride did not cause pharmacokinetic interaction with teneligliptin in humans. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Glimepiride did not affect the pharmacokinetic characteristics of teneligliptin in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Surendran S, Paul D, Sushmita R, Krishna L, Tiwari NK, Giri S, Satheeshkumar N. A validated LC–MS/MS method for the estimation of glimepiride and pitavastatin in rat plasma: Application to drug interaction studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:218-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim CO, Oh ES, Kim H, Park MS. Pharmacokinetic interactions between glimepiride and rosuvastatin in healthy Korean subjects: does the SLCO1B1 or CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism affect these drug interactions? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:503-512. [PMID: 28260863 PMCID: PMC5330189 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s129586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
To improve cardiovascular outcomes, dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes needs to be treated. Thus, these patients are likely to take glimepiride and rosuvastatin concomitantly. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between these two drugs in healthy males and to explore the effect of SLCO1B1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on their interactions in two randomized, open-label crossover studies. Glimepiride was studied in part 1 and rosuvastatin in part 2. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to each part. All subjects (n=24) completed part 1, and 22 subjects completed part 2. A total of 38 subjects among the participants of the PK interaction studies were enrolled in the genotype study to analyze their SLCO1B1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms retrospectively (n=22 in part 1, n=16 in part 2). Comparison of the PK and safety of each drug alone with those of the drugs in combination showed that both glimepiride and rosuvastatin did not interact with each other and had tolerable safety profiles in all subjects. However, with regard to glimepiride PK, the SLCO1B1 521TC group had a significantly higher maximum plasma concentration (Cmax,ss) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve during the dose interval at steady state (AUCτ,ss) for glimepiride in combination with rosuvastatin than those for glimepiride alone. However, other significant effects of the SLCO1B1 or CYP2C9 polymorphism on the interaction between the two drugs were not observed. In conclusion, there were no significant PK interactions between the two drugs; however, the exposure to glimepiride could be affected by rosuvastatin in the presence of the SLCO1B1 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Eun Sil Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon
| | - Hohyun Kim
- Korea Medicine Research Institute, Inc., Seongnam
| | - Min Soo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abo Enin HA, Abdel-Bar HM. Solid super saturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (sat-SNEDDS) as a promising alternative to conventional SNEDDS for improvement rosuvastatin calcium oral bioavailability. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1513-1521. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1224845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A. Abo Enin
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
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Ambery P, Stylianou A, Atkinson G, Dott C, Baylor Curtis L, Haque N, LaCroix K, Min KW. Open-label randomized non-inferiority trial of a fixed-dose combination of glimepiride and atorvastatin for the treatment of people whose Type 2 diabetes is uncontrolled on metformin. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1084-93. [PMID: 26484794 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate, in a randomized, open-label study, the non-inferiority of a bioequivalent fixed-dose combination of glimepiride and atorvastatin vs. separately co-administered tablets in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Participants with HbA1c ≥ 53 to < 80 mmol/mol (≥ 7.0 to < 9.5%), average fasting blood glucose > 7.0 mmol/l, who were on metformin for ≥ 3 months, were randomized to combination (n = 215) or co-administered glimepiride and atorvastatin (n = 212) once daily for 20 weeks. Up-titration of glimepiride (1-4 mg) and atorvastatin (10-20 mg) were based on average fasting blood glucose and LDL cholesterol, respectively. Co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to week 20 in HbA1c and LDL cholesterol. RESULTS Non-inferiority was demonstrated for both co-primary endpoints: the upper limits of 95% CIs for differences (combination-reference) were less than the prespecified margins of 3.3 mmol/mol (0.3%) for change from baseline in HbA1c [difference 0.1 mmol/mol (95% CI -1.6, 1.9); 0.01% (95% CI -0.15, 0.17)] and 6% for percentage change from baseline in LDL cholesterol [difference 0.87% (95% CI -2.47, 4.21)]. Similar proportions of participants on combination and reference had treatment-emergent adverse events (64 vs. 61%). More participants on combination had hypoglycaemia (21 vs. 13%); most events were considered by the treating physician to be unrelated to study drug. CONCLUSIONS The combination was non-inferior to separately co-administered tablets and the safety profile was consistent with the known profiles of glimepiride and atorvastatin. The observed increase in hypoglycaemia on the combination cannot be explained, but may be attributable to non-systematic collectiof glucose readings and may have been influenced by reporting bias in this open-label trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ambery
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Stylianou
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - G Atkinson
- Alternative Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - C Dott
- Alternative Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - L Baylor Curtis
- Alternative Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - N Haque
- Alternative Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK
| | - K LaCroix
- Global Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K W Min
- Diabetes Centre, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed OAA, Afouna MI, El-Say KM, Abdel-Naim AB, Khedr A, Banjar ZM. Optimization of self-nanoemulsifying systems for the enhancement of in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy of glimepiride transdermal patches. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1005-13. [PMID: 24702435 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.906402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To optimize and use of glimepiride (GMD)-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (SNEDs) for the preparation of transdermal patches. METHODS Mixture design was utilized to optimize GMD-loaded SNEDs in acidic and aqueous pH media. Optimized GMD-loaded SNEDs were used in the preparation of chitosan (acidic) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (aqueous) films. The prepared optimized formulations were investigated for ex vivo skin permeation, for in vivo hypoglycemic activity and for their pharmacokinetic parameters using animal model. RESULTS The optimized formulations showed flux value of (2.88 and 4.428 μg/cm(2)/h) through rat skin for chitosan and HPMC films, respectively. The pattern of GMD release from both formulations was in favor of Higuchi and approaching zero order models. The n values for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation were characteristic of anomalous (non-Fickian) release mechanism. Moreover, HPMC patches have shown significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels; (213.33 ± 15.19) mg/100 ml from the base-line measurement after 12 h of application. CONCLUSIONS Optimized GMD SNEDs patches were found to improve GMD skin permeability and the essential pharmacokinetic parameters. Further extensive pre/clinical studies are necessary prior to use transdermal GMD as a valuable alternative to peroral dosage forms with improved bioavailability, longer duration of action and more patient convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- King Abdulaziz University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jeddah-21589 , Saudi Arabia +966 599120686 ; +966 26951696 ; ,
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Alavudeen SS, Dhanapal C, Khan NA, Al Akhali KM, Paulliah SD. Prevalence and control of cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in southern region of Saudi Arabia. J Young Pharm 2013; 5:144-7. [PMID: 24563593 PMCID: PMC3930121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Dyslipidemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes patients. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence rates, characteristics of dyslipidemia and their control in outpatient population in a Diabetic Centre. METHODS A cross sectional prospective study design was used to collect data from 255 patients which included patient characteristics, past medical history of CVD, medications and parameters related to DM and cardiovascular risk factor control. Blood pressure and laboratory measurements for glycosylated hemoglobin and lipoprotein panel were recorded. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) of the dyslipidemic diabetic patients was significantly higher for females. In terms of age, duration of diabetes, family history, diabetes treatment offered did not differed significantly among genders. Clinical characteristics of HDL values were significantly higher for female in comparison to men (P = 0.02) whereas glycosylated hemoglobin and blood pressure appeared not to differ significantly. Among the three factors studied BMI, duration of diabetes mellitus and drug therapy on lipoprotein levels of diabetes patients, except for the influence of drug therapy which influenced significantly the total cholesterol level (P = 0.02). Number of females with normolipid were more than males (P = 0.009) and number of males with abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride patients were significantly more than females (0.0002). CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia among males were higher than females which could be a significant risk factor for causing low glycemic control culminating in cardiovascular events. Control of hyperglycaemia and other CVD risk factor appears to be suboptimal in Saudi Arabia. Addressing health system components such as providing medical staff training, incentive to health professionals and better patient education may improve quality of DM care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajudeen S. Alavudeen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - C.K. Dhanapal
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608 002, India
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Al Akhali
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sam Daniel Paulliah
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
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Sajeev Kumar B, Saraswathi R, Dhanaraj SA. Solid-state characterization studies and effect of PEG 20000 and P90G on particle size reduction and stability of complexed glimepiride nanocrystals. J Young Pharm 2013; 5:83-9. [PMID: 24396247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to formulate and characterize the properties of complexed glimepiride nanocrystals (GLP) by various techniques at different stages of its development, and to study the effect of PEG 20000 and P90G on particle size reduction and stability of nanocrystals. METHOD Precipitated (GLP-PEG) and complexed NCs (GLP-PEG-P90G) of glimepiride were characterized for particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and stability assessment using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The crystallinity was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRPD). The surface morphology and chemical stability were assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS A formulation with drug-polymer ratio of 1:1 was most ideal in developing stable NCs as it exhibited smaller particle size and high stability. A high zeta potential was observed in all NCs after complexation indicating improved stability. DSC and XRPD studies showed no change in crystallinity after complexation. SEM analysis of complexed NCs showed presence of spherical shape particles (size below 1 μm) with a lipid coat on the surface. Stability studies on optimized formulation (F1) revealed no change in particle size during 3-month period. FTIR studies prove that the chemical identity of GLP was preserved in the samples and the formulation was stable. CONCLUSION Solid-state characterization studies reveal that complexed GLP NCs are promising carriers for drug delivery and they can be safely and effectively used in design of various formulations. Also, PEG 20000 and P90G are excellent polymer and lipid for particle size reduction (nanonization) and stabilization of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasahib Sajeev Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh 500 085, India
| | - Raman Saraswathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National College of Pharmacy, Kozhikode 673 602, Kerala, India
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Lahaye C, Beaufrére AM, Boyer O, Drouot L, Soubrier M, Tournadre A. Immune-mediated myopathy related to anti 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase antibodies as an emerging cause of necrotizing myopathy induced by statins. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 81:79-82. [PMID: 23953224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) associated with statin use and anti 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) antibody is a new and emerging entity that supports a link between statin use and IMNM and raises the questions of distinct clinical phenotypes and treatment strategy. We describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a patient and discuss the spectrum of IMNM and statin-induced myopathies. A 65-year-old man was suffering from proximal muscle weakness and elevated CK levels, following exposure to statin therapy. The symptoms worsened despite discontinuation of the drug. At that point, no myositis-specific or -associated antibodies were detected. Malignancy screening did not reveal abnormalities. Muscle biopsy demonstrated a predominantly necrotizing myopathy with minimal lymphocytic infiltrates, MHC class I expression in necrotic muscle fibers, and complement deposition on scattered non-necrotic muscle fibers. Muscle protein analysis by western blot was normal. The patient did not improve with steroid and methotrexate and required monthly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Muscle strength gradually improved, CK levels normalized and IVIG were stopped 1 year later. Screening for anti-HMGCR antibodies, not available at the time of presentation, was highly positive. Identification of anti-HMGCR antibodies in statin-exposed patients with myopathy appears to be helpful both for differential diagnosis and for treatment strategy. In patients who did not improve after discontinuation of the statin treatment, a muscle biopsy should be performed as well as screening for anti-HMGCR antibodies. Patients with this disorder require aggressive immunosuppressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lahaye
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Marie Beaufrére
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pathology, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Inserm, U905, Normandie University, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France
| | | | - Martin Soubrier
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Tournadre
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Zachařová A, Šiller M, Špičáková A, Anzenbacherová E, Škottová N, Anzenbacher P, Večeřa R. Rosuvastatin suppresses the liver microsomal CYP2C11 and CYP2C6 expression in male Wistar rats. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:731-6. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.661099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hotha KK, Yarramu NR, Kandibedala T, Dasari VB, Vobalaboina V. Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Glimepiride by LC-MS/MS in Human Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.38074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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