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Gürhan C, Saruhan E. Pulp stones: any relevance with the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and uric acid. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e17. [PMID: 38841388 PMCID: PMC11148410 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effect of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and uric acid levels on pulp stone formation. Materials and Methods Patients who were admitted to the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology for dental complaints were registered. Among these patients, individuals who had routine biochemical tests at the same period in the Outpatient Clinics of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The patients with at least 1 pulp stone on panoramic radiographs recorded as the "pulp stone group" while patients without any pulp stones were the "control group". Demographic data and serum levels of calcium, PTH, vitamin D, and uric acid were retrospectively evaluated in both groups. Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. Results Among 151 patients, dental pulp stone was detected in 53.6% of patients, and 82.7% of these patients were female. Female sex and pulp stone formation were significantly associated (p = 0.001). The mean age of the pulp stone group was 43.9, while it was 39.9 in the control group, without any significant correlation between age and pulp stone (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in serum levels of PTH, vitamin D, uric acid and calcium between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions According to the present study, the effect of dental factors rather than systemic factors should be considered primarily in pulp stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Gürhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ercan Saruhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Zaghden O, Jaziri R, Kammoun R, Chaabani I, Alaya TB. Benefit of Panoramic Radiography in the Detection of Carotid Calcifications: Clinical Case Reports and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Dent 2023; 2023:3989502. [PMID: 37305808 PMCID: PMC10257549 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3989502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions in the common carotid artery are one of the most frequent causes of ischemic stroke. They are usually diagnosed by cardiologists and are managed following complementary examinations. In dental practice, panoramic radiograph is a basic examination frequently performed in first line. On this radiography, possible unilateral or bilateral opacities projecting to the latero-cervical regions can be visualized, raising suspicion of carotid calcifications. The aim of this study was to present, through three cases and a review of the literature, the benefit of PR in the diagnosis of carotid calcifications and the approaches to be followed in case of such suspicious images. This would contribute, in some cases, to an early diagnosis and management, thus avoiding the evolution towards cerebral vascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Zaghden
- Department of Radiology, University Dental Clinic, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rawia Jaziri
- Department of Radiology, University Dental Clinic, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kammoun
- Department of Radiology, University Dental Clinic, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- ABCDF Laboratory for Biological Clinical and Dento-Facial Approach, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Chaabani
- Department of Radiology, University Dental Clinic, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Touhami Ben Alaya
- Department of Radiology, University Dental Clinic, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unity of Bioactive Natural Substances and Biotechnology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Jakubowska A, Gieruszczak E, Jakubowski K, Wawrzyniak P, Grocholewicz K. Carotid Artery Calcifications on Panoramic Radiographs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14056. [PMID: 36360932 PMCID: PMC9654866 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs of Polish dental patients. METHODS Panoramic radiographs made between 2005 and 2012 in 4000 patients born between 1922 and 1958 were accessed from the server of the Department of Radiology and analyzed for the presence or absence of CACs by a group of trained dentists. RESULTS The anatomical area covered by the analysis was visible in 2189 images (54.73%). Calcifications in the carotid arteries were found in 468 (21.68%) patients, including 327 (14.94%) unilaterally and 141 (6.44%) bilaterally. CACs were found in 284 (60.68%) women and 184 (39.32%) men. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rate of CACs detected on panoramic radiographs in patients aged 54 and older was 21.68%, which makes it an important clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Madhoon HW, Al-Kafarna M, Asla MM, Gbreel MI, Abd Allah MA, Almotairy N. The association of dental pulp stones to cardiovascular and renal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 2022; 48:845-854. [PMID: 35447295 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulp stone (PS) is a dystrophic calcification in the tooth's pulp chamber and was suggested in the literature to be associated with other calcifications in the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of PS to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and renal stones (RS). METHODS Three databases were searched until June 2021 in addition to manual searching of Google Scholar and grey literature. Original studies were only included and critically appraised using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The odds ratio (OR) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to investigate the association of PS with CVD and or RS (p-value ˂ 0.05). RESULTS The database search identified 4933 studies, and 19 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was low in thirteen studies, moderate in four studies, and high in two studies. The meta-analysis of the moderate-and-low risk of bias studies revealed a significant association between PS and CVD (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.91-5.89, P < 0.001, I2 = 65%), but no association was found between PS and RS. The results also revealed an association between PS and CVD in patients older than 40 (OR 8.78, 95% CI 3.64-21.17, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS The current study results showed an association between PS and CVD, but no association was found between PS and RS. PS in patients younger than 40 years, compared to older patients (> 40 years), was associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Madhoon
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
| | - M Al-Kafarna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - M M Asla
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - M I Gbreel
- Faculty of Medicine, 6-October University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - M A Abd Allah
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - N Almotairy
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim, University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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The Pulp Stones: Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopic Chemical Quantification. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 58:medicina58010005. [PMID: 35056314 PMCID: PMC8778352 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pulp stones are hard tissue structures formed in the pulp of permanent and deciduous teeth. Few studies have evaluated their morphology and chemical composition. However, their formation, composition, configuration and role played in overall health status are still unclear. Clinically, they may be symptomatic; technically, they impede access during endodontic therapy, increasing the risk of treatment errors. Thus, this study aimed to morphologically analyze pulp stones and present their chemical quantification, identifying their main chemical elements. It also correlates the results with their possible induction mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Seven pulp nodules were collected from molar teeth needing endodontic treatment. The morphology of the stones was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their chemical composition was determined by X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). Results: These structures varied considerably in shape, size and topography. The site of the stones in the pulp cavity was the factor that most affected the morphology. The majority of the stones found in the pulp chambers presented nodular morphology, while those in the root canals presented a diffuse shape, resembling root canal anatomy. The topography of the nodules showed heterogeneous relief, revealing smooth and compact areas contrasting with the rugged and porous ones. The chemical composition varied depending on the location of the nodule in the pulp cavity and the relief of the analyzed area. Radicular stones presented considerably lower calcium and phosphorus content than coronary nodules. Conclusions: The high cellularity rate of the coronal pulp predisposes this region to nodular mineralizations around injured cells. The presence of larger caliber vascular bundles and higher collagen fiber content in radicular pulp determines a diffuse morphological pattern in this region. Understanding the morphology and chemical composition of the pulp stones allows future translational pathways towards the prevention or treatment of such conditions.
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S N, Chandran A, B S, S G, A M, Muddebihal F, Nayyar AS. Pulp Stones: Diagnostic Significance in Early Diagnosis and Radiographic Correlation with Ischemic Heart Diseases. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:277-283. [PMID: 34556908 PMCID: PMC8448231 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Aim Sufficient evidence exists in the literature which indicates that patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) show higher degree of pulp calcifications. The present study was, therefore, planned to estimate the prevalence of pulp stones in patients diagnosed with/or undergoing treatment for IHDs. Materials and Methods The present study, which consisted of 300 subjects within the age range of 25 to 65 years, was divided into two groups: study group comprising 150 patients (113 males and 37 females) and 150 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pulp stones were imaged using bitewing radiographs and paralleling technique under standard conditions. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21 (IBM Corp, Armonk, USA), while independent t -test and Chi-square test were done to check the prevalence of pulp stones in the study and control groups, based on gender-, arch-, region- and side-wise distribution. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The patients with IHDs exhibited 100% prevalence of pulp stones and the difference was found to be statistically significant, although there was a significant difference in the mean number of pulp stones observed in the study and control groups, with the study group revealing 2217 pulp stones as against 639 pulp stones observed in the control group ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, maxillary arch and posterior teeth were predominantly affected in both the groups, although the difference was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggested a positive correlation between pulp stones and IHDs, highlighting the significance of dental radiographic examination, which may have a possibility for an early detection of IHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiappan S
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Chandran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathika B
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ganesan S
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mahaprasad A
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Farahnaz Muddebihal
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhishek Singh Nayyar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post-graduate Research Institute, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
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7
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SÖNMEZ KAPLAN S, KAPLAN T, SEZGİN G. Assessment of the frequency and correlation of carotid artery calcifications and pulp stones with idiopathic osteosclerosis using digital panoramic radiographs. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.841006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paju S, Pietiäinen M, Liljestrand JM, Lahdentausta L, Salminen A, Kopra E, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Hörkkö S, Sinisalo J, Pussinen PJ. Carotid artery calcification in panoramic radiographs associates with oral infections and mortality. Int Endod J 2020; 54:15-25. [PMID: 32865251 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in relation to apical and marginal periodontitis, subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species and serum and saliva immune responses against them. In addition, the aim was to analyse the association of CAC with angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality. METHODOLOGY In the present random Parogene cohort, the patients had an indication for coronary angiography. Apical and marginal periodontitis were diagnosed during clinical and radiographic oral examinations, and CAC on panoramic radiographs (n = 492). Presence and severity of CAD were registered from angiography. Subgingival dysbiotic bacterial species were quantitated using checkerboard DNA-DNA-hybridization, and serum and saliva antibody levels were determined by immunoassays. The cohort was followed-up for 10 years or until death (median 9.9, range 0.21-10.4) via linkage to the national death register. The statistical models were adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. RESULTS A total of 102 (20.7%) patients had detectable CAC, which was moderate in 81 (16.4%) and severe in 21 (4.3%). CAC was associated (OR, 95% CI) with severe apical periodontitis (2.25, 1.15-4.41), root canal fillings (1.15, 1.04-1.26), alveolar bone loss (2.66, 1.21-5.84), severe periodontal inflammation (2.23, 1.11-4.47), high level of gram-negative subgingival species (2.73, 1.34-5.50), saliva IgG against dysbiotic species (1.05, 1.01-1.10/unit) and severe (2.58, 1.36-4.90) and chronic (2.13, 1.15-3.93) CAD. A total of 105 (20.7%) patients died during the follow-up and 53 (10.4%) deaths were because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Severe CAC predicted worse survival with HRs (95% CI) of 3.08 (1.58-6.06) for all-cause and 3.43 (1.42-8.25) for CVD death. CONCLUSIONS CAC on panoramic tomography was associated with (i) apical and marginal periodontitis and dysbiotic bacterial species giving rise to an immunological response, and with (ii) severe, chronic CAD and increased mortality. The results further emphasize the role of oral infections in CAD and the importance of referring a patient with CAC for a cardiovascular evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M Liljestrand
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Kopra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - S Hörkkö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Babu SJ, Swarnalatha C, Rao AP, Kumar BB, Tilak BP, Naidu RB, Nayyar AS. Pulp Stones as Risk Predictors for Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32089807 PMCID: PMC7011460 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_68_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies indicate that patients with CAD show higher degree of pulp calcifications. Localized pulp calcifications are microscopically apparent in more than half of the teeth in young adolescents. However, pulp stones extending to the entire dentition are infrequent and need further evaluation to predict the risk of other probabilities of associated diseases. The present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of pulp stones in patients diagnosed with or, undergoing treatment for CAD. Methods: The present study consisted of 300 subjects within an age range of 20-55 years who were divided into the study group consisting of 150 patients including 108 males and 42 females as well as 150 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pulp stones were imaged using bitewing radiographs using paralleling technique under standard conditions. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20 Core system software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) while Chi-square test was used to check the prevalence of pulp stones in patients with CAD in addition to their arch-wise and region-wise distribution. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The present study revealed 100% prevalence of pulp stones in the study group while 90% of the subjects in the control group were also afflicted with pulp stones, though the total number of pulp calcifications observed were lesser in number in the control group compared to the study group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found, although in the gender predilection for the development of pulp stones in the study group while the control group revealed a definite male predilection with around 96.24% of the males afflicted with pulp stones (P < 0.05). Furthermore, maxillary teeth had a statistically significant predilection for the development of pulp stones in both the study as well as the control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The patients with CAD have high chance of being affected with pulp stones. Higher prevalence of this entity in multiple teeth may warrant such an individual, in the presence of other compounding risk factors, as a candidate for CAD to be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh J Babu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - C Swarnalatha
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit P Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr.Hedgewar Smruti Rugna Seva Mandal's Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Barun B Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balagangadhar P Tilak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr.Hedgewar Smruti Rugna Seva Mandal's Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramesh B Naidu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai Dental College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Nayyar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post-graduate Research Institute, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
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Gunen Yilmaz S, Yilmaz F, Bayrakdar IS, Harorli A. The Relationship between carotid artery calcification and pulp stone among hemodialysis patients: A retrospective study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2020; 30:755-763. [PMID: 31464230 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.265449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) and pulp stone (PS). A total of 60 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients (30 CAC positive, 30 CAC negative) participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 54.7 ± 16.4 years, and 32 (53%) of them were male. CAC was defined as the presence of heterogeneous nodular opacities in the soft tissue in C3-C4 intervertebral area. Panoramic radiographs of the patients were evaluated for CAC and PS by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. PS was evaluated in all healthy, decayed, and restored teeth except the third molar teeth, in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0; SPSS, Inc., an IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. A probability P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of PS in this study was 30% (18 patients) all group. A total of 1324 teeth were analyzed and PS was detected in 237 teeth (17.9%). The occurrence of PS in teeth in CAC-positive group (10 patients, 17.2% of 654 teeth) was similar to that in CAC-negative group (8 patient, 18.3% of 670 teeth). There was no statistical correlation between CAC and PS in chronic HD patients (P = 0.08). In the subgroup analysis, the presence of diabetes (P = 0.003), parathormone level (P = 0.02), calcium × phosphorus product (P = 0.04), and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.002) were higher, and duration of HD (P = 0.03) was significantly longer in patients with CAC-positive and PS. In chronic HD patients, the presence of PS was not a strong predictor for the presence of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcihan Gunen Yilmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yilmaz
- Department of Nephrology, Antalya Ataturk State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Abubekir Harorli
- Department of Oral and MaxillofacialRadiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Milcent CPF, da Silva TG, Baika LM, Grassi MT, Carneiro E, Franco A, de Lima AAS. Morphologic, Structural, and Chemical Properties of Pulp Stones in Extracted Human Teeth. J Endod 2020; 45:1504-1512. [PMID: 31757339 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulp stones are mineral structures that develop in the pulp tissue triggered by several clinical conditions. The exact biochemical process behind the occurrence of pulp stones is uncertain. This study aimed to perform a structural and crystallographic characterization of pulp stones and dentin from extracted human teeth. METHODS The sample consisted of 13 erupted and unerupted permanent human teeth diagnosed with pulp stones. The teeth were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy with secondary and backscattered electrons, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. RESULTS The pulp stones revealed a heterogeneous morphology and structure compared with each other. Compared with the adjacent dentin, the pulp stones had a similar structure. From a chemical point of view, oxygen, calcium, carbon, and phosphorus were the most prevalent chemical elements in the inner part of the stones, whereas on the surface carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, aluminum, potassium, zinc, copper, and lead were the most prevalent. Copper, iron, and zinc were higher in the stones than the dentin (P < .05). Statistically significant differences between the chemical structure of stones from erupted and unerupted teeth were not detected (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Pulp stones have structural and chemical properties that are similar to dentin. Variations in morphology are common.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Gomes da Silva
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Loana Mara Baika
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Everdan Carneiro
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ademir Franco
- Division of Oral Radiology, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Institute of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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de La Dure-Molla M, Fournier BP, Manzanares MC, Acevedo AC, Hennekam RC, Friedlander L, Boy-Lefèvre ML, Kerner S, Toupenay S, Garrec P, Vi-Fane B, Felizardo R, Berteretche MV, Jordan L, Ferré F, Clauss F, Jung S, de Chalendar M, Troester S, Kawczynski M, Chaloyard J, Manière MC, Berdal A, Bloch-Zupan A. Elements of morphology: Standard terminology for the teeth and classifying genetic dental disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1913-1981. [PMID: 31468724 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental anomalies occur frequently in a number of genetic disorders and act as major signs in diagnosing these disorders. We present definitions of the most common dental signs and propose a classification usable as a diagnostic tool by dentists, clinical geneticists, and other health care providers. The definitions are part of the series Elements of Morphology and have been established after careful discussions within an international group of experienced dentists and geneticists. The classification system was elaborated in the French collaborative network "TÊTECOU" and the affiliated O-Rares reference/competence centers. The classification includes isolated and syndromic disorders with oral and dental anomalies, to which causative genes and main extraoral signs and symptoms are added. A systematic literature analysis yielded 408 entities of which a causal gene has been identified in 79%. We classified dental disorders in eight groups: dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth, dental size and/or shape, enamel, dentin, dental eruption, periodontal and gingival, and tumor-like anomalies. We aim the classification to act as a shared reference for clinical and epidemiological studies. We welcome critical evaluations of the definitions and classification and will regularly update the classification for newly recognized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel de La Dure-Molla
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S1163 Bases moléculaires et physiopathologiques des ostéochondrodysplasies, Institut Imagine, Necker, Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Philippe Fournier
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cristina Manzanares
- Unitat d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humana, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- ral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Department of Dentistry, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Friedlander
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S1123, ECEVE, Epidémiologie clinique, évaluation économique des populations vulnérables, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Boy-Lefèvre
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Kerner
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Steve Toupenay
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Garrec
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Brigite Vi-Fane
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Rufino Felizardo
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Violaine Berteretche
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Jordan
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - François Ferré
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - François Clauss
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Jung
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Myriam de Chalendar
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Troester
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marzena Kawczynski
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jessica Chaloyard
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Cécile Manière
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Référence des Maladies rares Orales et Dentaires, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP, Faculté Odontologie Garancière, Université de Paris, France.,Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universités Paris-Diderot et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Filière de santé Maladies Rares TETECOU: Malformations rares de la tête, du cou et des dents, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CRMR O-Rares, ERN CRANIO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,Institut d'Etudes Avancées, Université de Strasbourg, USIAS, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Gabardo MCL, Wambier LM, Rocha JS, Küchler EC, de Lara RM, Leonardi DP, Sousa-Neto MD, Baratto-Filho F, Michel-Crosato E. Association between Pulp Stones and Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2019; 45:1099-1105.e2. [PMID: 31351581 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the association between pulp stones and kidney stones. METHODS A search for observational studies was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and the gray literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Risk of Bias criteria were used to evaluate the internal quality of the included studies. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the conditions. RESULTS A total of 213 studies were identified after the removal of duplicates. Of these, 9 studies were selected after screening the titles and abstracts. Finally, after full-text reading for qualitative analysis, 7 studies were selected, and of these, 2 were used in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between pulp stones and kidney stones (1.97 [95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.18]; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an association between pulp stones and kidney stones. Further well-designed studies should be conducted in order to confirm whether pulp stones are predictive indicators of undiagnosed kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Maira Wambier
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schaia Rocha
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Piotto Leonardi
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- School of Health and Biological Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Department of Social Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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The Prevalence and Correlation of Carotid Artery Calcifications and Dental Pulp Stones in a Saudi Arabian Population. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030050. [PMID: 31311129 PMCID: PMC6787572 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study sought to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) and pulp stones detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) and ascertain their correlation. Methods: A total of 2013 digital PRs were retrospectively retrieved and thoroughly examined to determine the prevalence of CACs and pulp stones, their correlation with patient age and gender, and the relationship between the presence of pulps stones and radiographically detectable CACs. Results: The prevalence of CACs on PRs was 2.0%; the prevalence of pulp stones was 4.6%. There was no statistical relationship between pulp stones and CACs (p = 0.714). Older patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of CACs than younger patients (p < 0.001); pulp stones were statistically more prevalent in younger patients than older patients (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between male and females in terms of the prevalence of either CACs or pulp stones (p = 0.087 and p = 0.278, respectively). Conclusions: Dentists should be trained to detect CACs on PRs belonging to patients older than 40 to exclude the presence of CACs. Moreover, pulp stones do not function as a diagnostic marker for CACs.
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15
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Jannati R, Afshari M, Moosazadeh M, Allahgholipour SZ, Eidy M, Hajihoseini M. Prevalence of pulp stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:133-139. [PMID: 30461204 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the last years, different prevalences of dental pulps had been reported from different parts of the world. Combining these original estimates will provide useful information for policymaking in the field of health, treatment and research. This study aims to estimate the global prevalence of pulp stones. METHODS Electronic databanks such as PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Cochrane, and also Google scholar motor engine were searched by 2 researchers using related keywords. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane and I2 indices. The initial estimates were represented by forest plot and were combined according to random effects models. Factors responsible for heterogeneity were investigated using meta-regression models, and studies responsible for heterogeneity were assessed following sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of pulp stones had been reported in 16 studies including 14 093 subjects. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of pulp stones among the total population, men and women were estimated as of 36.53% (27.17-45.88), 32.58% (24-41.15), and 39.23% (28.73-49.73), respectively. In addition, of 193 687 teeth investigated during the primary studies, 9.57% (95% confidence interval: 7.05-12.08) were affected by pulp stones. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows a considerable prevalence of pulp stones, especially among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jannati
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Milad Eidy
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hajihoseini
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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16
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Schroder AGD, de Araujo CM, Guariza-Filho O, Flores-Mir C, de Luca Canto G, Porporatti AL. Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography in the detection of calcified carotid artery atheroma: a meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2021-2040. [PMID: 30923911 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography (PR) in detecting calcified carotid artery atheroma (CCAA) compared with Doppler ultrasonography or angiography (the reference standard). SOURCES Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest were searched. The reference lists of the included studies were also screened. DATA Observational studies. METHODS Only studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of PR in detecting CCAA to Doppler ultrasonography or angiography (the reference standard) were included. The primary outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity. The secondary outcomes were negative predictive values, positive predictive values, diagnostic odds ratios, likelihood ratios (positive and negative), receiver operating characteristic curves, accuracy, and Youden's index. Two reviewers independently participated in the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment without language restriction. Risk of bias was assessed thought QUADAS-2, and the level of evidence was assessed through GRADE. RESULTS A total of 773 citations were identified after duplicates were removed, and 12 studies including 1002 patients were included in the final study. The sensitivity and specificity of the different selected studies varied substantially, with sensitivity ranging from 0.31 to 0.95 and specificity from 0.19 to 0.99. CONCLUSIONS Most studies reported excellent sensitivity and good specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of PR was good or excellent in 50% of the studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The identification of CCAA by PR can be a risk predictor for stroke when used as a secondary screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Odilon Guariza-Filho
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. .,School of Health and Bioscience, Department of orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Street Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Graziela de Luca Canto
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Research, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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17
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Panwar P, Debkant J, Chowdary N, Dwijendra KS, Kumar S P, Kumar S M, Nayyar A. Pulp stones as risk predictors for coronary artery disease: An intriguing, prevalence study. Res Cardiovasc Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/rcm.rcm_5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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18
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Pérez-Hernández N, Aptilon-Duque G, Blachman-Braun R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Rodríguez-Cortés AA, Azrad-Daniel S, Posadas-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. Vascular Calcification: Current Genetics Underlying This Complex Phenomenon. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:1113-1121. [PMID: 28469108 PMCID: PMC5421183 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.204931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is the consequence of the complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and vascular factors, which ultimately lead to the deposition of calcium in the tunica intima (atherosclerotic calcification) or tunica media (Mönckenberg's sclerosis). Vascular calcification is also closely related to other pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. It has been concluded that the degree of vascular calcification may vary from person to person, even if the associated pathologies and environmental factors are the same. Therefore, this suggests an important genetic contribution to the development of vascular calcification. This review aimed to find the most recent evidence about vascular calcification pathophysiology regarding the genetic aspects and molecular pathways. DATA SOURCES We conducted an exhaustive search in Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed with the keywords "genetics and vascular calcification", "molecular pathways, genetic and vascular calcification" and included the main articles from January 1995 up to August 2016. We focused on the most recent evidence about vascular calcification pathophysiology regarding the genetic aspects and molecular pathways. STUDY SELECTION The most valuable published original and review articles related to our objective were selected. RESULTS Vascular calcification is a multifactorial disease; thus, its pathophysiology cannot be explained by a single specific factor, rather than by the result of the association of several genetic variants, molecular pathway interactions, and environmental factors that promote its development. CONCLUSION Although several molecular aspects of this mechanism have been elucidated, there is still a need for a better understanding of the factors that predispose to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Gad Aptilon-Duque
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Adrián Asael Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Shely Azrad-Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, México City 14080, México
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", México, Mexico City 14080, México
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Nasseh I, Aoun G. Carotid Artery Calcification: A Digital Panoramic-Based Study. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6010015. [PMID: 29419750 PMCID: PMC5871961 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in a sample of Lebanese population using digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 500 patients (281 females and 219 males), aged between 18 and 88 years (mean: 47.9 years), were assessed for CAC. Data collected were analyzed statistically using IBM® SPSS® for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: CAC were found in 34 cases (6.8%), among them, 23 females (8.18%) and 11 males (5.02%). Six of all the calcifications were on the right side, against six on the left side, and 22 on both sides. The mean age of patients affected with CAC was 60.9 years (ranging from 18 to 88 years). Chi-square test showed no statistical significance between gender and CAC, while Spearman correlation analysis showed positive low correlation with age (r = 0.179). Conclusion: CAC can be found on routine panoramic radiographs taken in dental clinics; dentists should automatically refer the patients in question for specialized medical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Nasseh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Aoun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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20
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Kuzekanani M, Haghani J, Walsh LJ, Estabragh MA. Pulp Stones, Prevalence and Distribution in an Iranian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:60-65. [PMID: 29358536 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study determined the prevalence and distribution of pulp stones in the permanent dentition of an adult population using their periapical radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study followed a cross-sectional design. A total of 800 periapical radiographs collected from 412 patients attending dental clinics in Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran, were examined using magnification. RESULTS Pulp stones were present in 9.6% of all permanent teeth examined, being most common in maxillary first and second molars, followed by mandibular first and second molars. They were present in 31.5% of all adult patients, with a significantly increased prevalence in females compared with males (40.5 vs 23.9%, chi-squared test p < 0.001). There was also an increased prevalence with age. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, clinicians should expect to encounter pulp stones most commonly in the pulp chambers of maxillary first and second molars, particularly in older female patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pulp stones depending on their size and location can pose challenges to endodontic treatment. They obstruct access to the canal orifices and thus complicate endodontic treatment. Knowing where and when pulp stones are likely to occur improves the quality of root canal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kuzekanani
- Department of Endodontics, Endodontology Research Center School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Endodontics, Kerman Dental School, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: +91989131416717, e-mail:
| | - Jahangir Haghani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Endodontology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kerman Dental School, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- Department of Science and Technology, UQ Oral Health Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston Queensland, Australia; Dental Sciences School of Dentistry The University of Queensland, Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad Am Estabragh
- Endodontology Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kerman Islamic Republic of Iran
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