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Archana R, Sailesh KS, Abraham J, Mishra S, Reddy UK, Mukkadan JK. Prevention/delay of Alzheimer’s Disease by Vestibular Stimulation: A Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.46347/jmsh.2016.v02i03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ghura S, Tai L, Zhao M, Collins N, Che CT, Warpeha KM, LaDu MJ. Arabidopsis thaliana extracts optimized for polyphenols production as potential therapeutics for the APOE-modulated neuroinflammation characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29364. [PMID: 27383500 PMCID: PMC4935988 DOI: 10.1038/srep29364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown, glial-induced neuroinflammation is an early symptom. Familial AD is caused by increases in amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, particularly soluble oligomeric (oAβ), considered a proximal neurotoxin and neuroinflammatory stimuli. APOE4, a naturally occurring genotype of APOE, is the greatest genetic risk factor for AD; increasing risk up to 12-fold compared to APOE3 and APOE2. oAβ-induced neuroinflammation is greater with APOE4 compared to APOE3 and APOE2. As sinapates and flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties, a protocol was developed for optimizing polyphenol production in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Three mutants (cop1, prn1, xpf3) were identified, and the extracts treated with liver microsomes to mimic physiological metabolism, with HPLC and MS performed on the resulting metabolites for peak identification. These extracts were used to treat primary glial cells isolated from human APOE-targeted-replacement (APOE-TR) and APOE-knock-out (KO) mice, with neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or oAβ. The dose-response data for TNFα secretion demonstrate the followed the order: APOE-KO > APOE4 > APOE3 > APOE2, with xpf3 the most effective anti-neuroinflammatory across APOE genotypes. Thus, the plant-based approach described herein may be particularly valuable in treating the APOE4-induced neuroinflammatory component of AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivesh Ghura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leon Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Katherine M Warpeha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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