Chua HA, Goh SC, Upamali V, Seet MJ, Wong PA, Phoon WJ. Subserosal adenomyotic cysts and peritoneal inclusion cysts - Unusual differential diagnoses of multicystic pelvic masses: A review of two cases.
Case Rep Womens Health 2020;
27:e00193. [PMID:
32292709 PMCID:
PMC7150504 DOI:
10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00193]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Multiloculated pelvic cysts are commonly misdiagnosed as ovarian tumors or malignancies. We report 2 patients diagnosed with subserosal adenomyotic cysts and peritoneal inclusion cysts, mimicking multiloculated pelvic tumors. We discuss their clinical presentation, investigations, operation findings, and histopathology, present a literature review.
Cases
Case 1 was a 44-year-old patient with abnormal uterine bleeding. Imaging showed an enlarging multiloculated cystic structure over the right uterine wall. She underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy and right salpingo-ophorectomy. Intra-operatively, she was found to have multiple subserosal uterine cysts, diagnosed as adenomyotic cysts on histology.
Case 2 was a 50-year-old patient with history of laparoscopic cystectomy done 20 years ago. She was incidentally found to have a multiloculated cystic lesion in the pelvis. The lesion was located midline, anterior and superior to the uterus and bladder. She underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy, and bladder peritonectomy. Intra-operatively, multiple cystic lesions were noted over the anterior and fundus of uterus, bladder peritoneum, and pelvic side walls. The condition was confirmed to be peritoneal inclusion cysts on histology.
Conclusion
Subserosal adenomyotic cysts are a rare presentation of adenomyosis. They typically occur in premenopausal women. Treatment is usually by hormonal medications or surgical excision.
Many patients with peritoneal inclusion cysts have a history of peritoneal insults. Surgical excision is the most commonly described management as they often mimic malignancy. Both conditions are unusual presentations of multiloculated pelvic masses. A high recurrence rate is found, hence long-term follow-up with imaging is essential.
Adenomyotic cysts can present as multiple cystic lesions found within the uterine myometrium, submucosal or subserosal layers, lined with endometrial epithelium and stroma.
Patients with adenomyotic cysts commonly present with dysmenorrhoea or dysfunctional uterine bleeding. These cysts are usually excised surgically or treated with hormonal methods.
Peritoneal inclusions cysts are benign aggregate masses of variable sized, fluid-filled, mesothelial lined cysts of the pelvis and abdomen, commonly with a history of previous insult to the peritoneum
Surgical excision of the peritoneal inclusion cysts is the most common treatment option, often for histological diagnosis as it mimics malignancy.
Recurrence is common for both conditions, hence long term follow ups with imaging should be considered.
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