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Fentie D, Derese T. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among severely ill psychiatric patients in Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264461. [PMID: 35235579 PMCID: PMC8890638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and is even higher among patients with psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive substance use, and unhealthy diets common among patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the negative metabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being a high burden among patients with psychiatric illness, little attention is given to them during routine reviews in psychiatric clinics in most African nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of and associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among patients with psychiatric illnesses. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between severely ill psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric patients in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. The study included 192 study participants (96 psychiatric patients and 96 non-psychiatric controls). Weight and height were measured for 192 study participants. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients were described. The data were cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21. The intergroup comparisons were performed using an independent sample t-test and Chi-square tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between overweight/obesity and the associated variables. Results The magnitude of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in the severely ill psychiatric groups (43.8%) than in the non-exposed controls (20.80%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest in major depressive disorders (40%), followed by schizophrenia (32%), and bipolar disorder (28%). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of obesity/overweight among psychiatric patients. Educational status, unemployment, and late stages of the disease were significant predictors of overweight/ obesity. Clinicians should be aware of the health consequences of overweight/obesity, and considering screening strategies as a part of routine psychiatric care is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilnessa Fentie
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tariku Derese
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Lee JY, Kim TY, Kang H, Oh J, Park JW, Kim SC, Kim M, Apostolidis E, Kim YC, Kwon YI. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models. Molecules 2021; 26:E331. [PMID: 33440605 PMCID: PMC7827767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (T.Y.K.); (H.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Tae Yang Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (T.Y.K.); (H.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (T.Y.K.); (H.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Jungbae Oh
- Institute of Functional Foods, Kunpoong Bio Co. Ltd., Jeju 63010, Korea;
| | - Joo Woong Park
- Natural Products Institute, Biostream Technologies Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do 17098, Korea;
| | - Se-Chan Kim
- Department of Bio Quality Control, Korea Bio Polytechnic, Chungnam 32943, Korea;
| | - Minjoo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (T.Y.K.); (H.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Apostolidis
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01701, USA;
| | - Young-Cheul Kim
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Young-In Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (T.Y.K.); (H.K.); (M.K.)
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Shalaby AS, Sadik SAM, Mahmoud DAM. Psychiatric morbidities of female obesity before and after dieting: an Egyptian sample. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The rate of occurrence of psychiatric morbidities like anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and the overall quality of life are very high among female patients with obesity; therefore, our study investigates such variables before and after weight loss in female patients on diet restriction; this can help obesity-multidisciplinary teams target these psychiatric correlates to reach a more satisfactory outcome.
Results
Anxiety, depression, and perceived stress scores decreased significantly in parallel to the weight loss reported (p < 0.0001). Except for social functioning, all other domains of quality of life improved significantly after weight loss. Those with higher education level showed significantly lower stress, anxiety, and depression scores before weight loss compared to married and highly educated ones respectively. After weight loss, highly educated participants showed lower perceived stress and depression scores than those with middle education.
Conclusions
Anxiety, depression, and perceived stress factors are significantly decreased after weight reduction with an improved quality of life as well compared to their scores prior.
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Haddad C, Sacre H, Hallit S, Obeid S, Al-Zein D, Nabout R, Zoghbi M, Haddad G. Prevalence of comorbidities and correlates of hospital readmission rate in patients with acute mania: A one-year retrospective data from a tertiary care. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:753-759. [PMID: 31828814 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of medical comorbidities in acute manic patients over a period of 1 year, and to evaluate correlates of the readmission rate. DESIGN/METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted on 158 acute manic patients from 2016 to 2017. RESULTS The most common physical comorbidity was obesity (36.1%) followed by cardiovascular disorders (15.2%) and liver dysfunctions (9.3%). Male gender was associated with higher readmission rate (Beta = -0.260), while taking anticholinergic drugs (Beta = -0.338) and having a family history of psychiatric disorders (Beta = -0.222) were associated with lower readmission rate. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study results may help physicians and other clinicians understand the burden of illness recurrence in bipolar disorder type I patients and adopt effective strategies to prevent relapse, taking into account all comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Departments of Research, Psychology and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- Drug Information Center, Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medicine Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Departments of Research, Psychology and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Darine Al-Zein
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Nabout
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marouan Zoghbi
- Departments of Research, Psychology and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Department of Family Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Haddad
- Departments of Research, Psychology and Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medicine Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Assefa T, Seid O, Tadese F, Gebremedhin T. Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Adult Psychiatric Patients in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2020; 2020:5087573. [PMID: 32313808 PMCID: PMC7160719 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5087573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric illnesses involve alterations in the brain or nervous system function and result in altered perception, responses to the environment, and daily functioning, which ultimately diminish the capacity to cope with the regular demands of life, including nutritional intake. Little is known about nutritional status in psychiatric patients in our setup, particularly in northeast Ethiopia. Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among adult psychiatric patients in Dessie referral hospital, northeast Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 530 psychiatric patients using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were taken from April 10 to June 20, 2018. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors with the nutritional status of adult psychiatric patients. RESULTS The study revealed that the proportion of undernutrition and overnutrition was 20.0% (95% CI: 16.80-23.60) and 23.4% (95% CI: 19.80-27.00), respectively. Being male (AOR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.28-4.47), private employed (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.31), and not consuming alcohol (AOR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.56-0.74) were factors associated with undernutrition. Whereas not involved in physical activity (AOR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.37-6.49), being newly diagnosed patient (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.42), and not chewing Khat (AOR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.63-9.42) were factors associated with overnutrition of adult psychiatric patients. CONCLUSION The proportion of both undernutrition and overnutrition was above the national average. Notably, nutrition significantly affects the production and use of neurotransmitters, and this may result in significant effects on physical, mental, or emotional processes. This undoubtedly affects the stabilization processes of neuropsychiatric patients. Therefore, healthcare managers, supervisors, and policymakers identify those vulnerable groups early and thereby design effective nutritional strategies to intervene in malnutrition among adult patients with a psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Assefa
- Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Omer Seid
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Tadese
- Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Gebremedhin
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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