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Mahdi SAA, Hussein BMA. Remineralization effect of Er;Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with or without acidulated phosphate fluoride application on deciduous teeth enamel surface with induced white spot lesion. An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e714-e723. [PMID: 39130365 PMCID: PMC11310978 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to assess the efficacy of Er; Cr: YSGG laser operating under sub-ablative settings for the remineralization of artificially induced white spot lesions on the enamel of primary teeth, both as a standalone treatment and in conjunction with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel. Material and Methods Eighty primary posterior teeth were used to induce white spot lesions and were randomly divided into eight groups. The groups consisted of a negative control group (G1), a 0.75W laser irradiation group (G2), a 0.5W laser irradiation group (G3), a 0.25W laser irradiation group (G4), a positive control group with APF gel application (G5), and three groups that received laser irradiation of 0.75W, 0.5W, and 0.25W followed by APF gel application (G6, G7, and G8) respectively. Surface microhardness, SEM, and X-RD were used to evaluate the remineralization effect. Results There was a notable enhancement in surface microhardness post-treatment with the laser, APF gel, and their combination compared to the negative control group. The most pronounced increase in surface microhardness was observed in the combination treatment groups (G6, G7, and G8). SEM analysis showed increased surface roughness in groups treated with 0.75W and 0.5W laser power. X-RD assessments indicated an augmentation in crystal intensity within groups G6 and G8. Conclusions The combined application of Er; Cr: YSGG laser under sub-ablative parameters and APF gel demonstrated a superior potential for remineralizing primary teeth enamel affected by white spot lesions. Key words:Er;Cr:YSGG laser. Sub-ablative irradiation. Remineralization. White spot lesion. APF gel. SEM. X-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba-Amer-Abed Mahdi
- University of Baghdad, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, Baghdad, Iraq
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Serdar Eymirli P, İleri T, Ergin E, Turgut MD. Evaluation of ER;CR:YSGG Laser and Remineralization Agents on Mineral Density and Ion Levels of Primary and Permanent Enamel. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:81-89. [PMID: 38252494 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different fluoride varnishes used alone or in combination with laser treatment on permanent and primary tooth enamel. Methods: Ninety-six primary and 96 permanent molar samples were divided into six groups. The levels of calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, and silver ions of each sample were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Six different treatments were applied to 12 different groups (n = 15) as control (g1/G1), fluoride varnish (g2/G2), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-fluoride varnish (g3/G3), laser (g4/G4), laser+fluoride varnish (g5/G5), and laser+CPP-ACP-fluoride varnish (g6/G6). After the procedures, ion levels were reanalyzed with EDS. The teeth were subjected to the artificial caries-forming procedure and ion levels were again evaluated by EDS. One sample from each group was prepared separately for the focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope measurement; initial and final images were recorded. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Compared with the initial measurement, phosphorus percentages increased in most of the groups in the last measurement. Calcium percentages of primary teeth increased in the last measurement, except for the g1 group, but in permanent teeth, there was an increase only in the G6 group. There was a statistically significant difference between g1/G1 and g6/G6 groups in the last measurement of phosphorus and calcium percentages. Conclusions: The combined use of laser with CPP-ACP-fluoride varnish enhanced remineralization in the primary and permanent teeth. However, in permanent teeth, the use of laser alone was not as effective as in primary teeth. Therefore, combined usage with CPP-ACP-fluoride varnish can enhance its efficacy. This in vitro study was approved by the local ethics committee of Hacettepe University (Project No.: GO 20/441).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Serdar Eymirli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tülin İleri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ergin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Dilek Turgut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Cheng L, Yuan R, Fan H, Si M, Hao Z, Feng Z. The effect of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser combined casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate for enamel remineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:201. [PMID: 37667086 PMCID: PMC10477104 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to evaluate the effect of the 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser combined with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) for enamel remineralisation. The electronic PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched, with no language or date restrictions, up to January 2023. Two reviewers independently performed research information extraction and quality assessment. Continuous variables were analysed by standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager (Version 5.4; Rev Man) and Cochrane Collaboration (2020). Finally, four trials were included for meta-analysis. According to the comprehensive results, the effect of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser combined with CPP-ACP on enamel remineralisation was significantly better than that of CPP-ACP alone: surface microhardness (SMD = - 1.83, 95% CI: [- 2.98, - 0.69], P = 0.002); lesion depth (SMD = 6.63, 95% CI: [4.98, 8.28], P < 0.001). Under the limitations of this meta-analysis, the results show that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser combined with CPP-ACP has a better effect on enamel remineralisation than CPP-ACP alone. The combination of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser and CPP-ACP may be a feasible method to prevent and treat enamel demineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Fan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Minmin Si
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhaonan Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Damar S, Gümrü Çelikel AD, Pınar Erdem A. Comparative evaluation of fluoride-free remineralization agents with and without Er,Cr:YSGG laser on artificial enamel remineralization. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:172. [PMID: 37526766 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fluoride-free remineralizing agents in initial enamel caries, with and without combined Er,Cr:YSGG laser application. The remineralization effect of various agents and their combinations on artificial initial caries was investigated using 10 experimental groups (n = 7): NC, negative control; PC, positive control; TM, calcium-phosphate compounds (CPP-ACP); TD, theobromine-containing toothpaste; RG, ROCS® remineralizing gel; L, Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm; 0.25 W; repetition rate, 20 Hz; pulse duration, 140 μs; tip diameter, 600 μm; without air/water cooling); L + fluoride toothpaste; L + TM; L + TD; and L + RG. The demineralized bovine enamel specimens were subjected to an 8-day pH cycle by daily application of the remineralizing agents and laser therapy once prior to the pH cycle and paste application. The enamel samples underwent the Vickers surface microhardness test, and one sample per group was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the microhardness recovery percentage (SMHR%) for each group, and multiple comparisons were made with the Dunn test. Groups L (p = 0.003), RG (p = 0.019), L + TM (p < 0.001), L + fluoride toothpaste (p = 0.001),and L + RG (p = 0.036) exhibited significant increase in SMHR%. The tested remineralizing agents exhibited no statistically significant difference in effect when used alone and in combination with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Combined application of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and ROCS® remineralization gel effectively promoted enamel remineralization, while use of CPP-ACP and fluoride toothpaste alone was ineffective. Theobromine-containing toothpaste exhibited the least SMHR%. Long-term evaluation of these agents is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Damar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Pınar Erdem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Klarić E, Tarle A, Vukelja J, Soče M, Grego T, Janković B. Remineralization effects of Er,Cr:YSGG and/or bioactive glass on human enamel after radiotherapy-an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:65. [PMID: 36746823 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG and/or bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) on the chemical and physical properties of enamel after radiotherapy. Third molar crowns were cut in half (buccal-lingually), and the mid part of the labial/oral surface was subjected to different protocols. All samples were treated with standard 70 Gy. After radiotherapy, enamel was treated with either Er,Cr:YSGG (2780 nm; pulse 60 μs) and BG or only BG, and control samples were kept in deionized water. Vickers microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and characteristic X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed before, after radiotherapy, and after treatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. A significant drop in enamel microhardness was observed after radiotherapy (p < 0.001). After Er,Cr:YSGG and BG or BG alone, there was a significant increase in microhardness (p < 0.001), which was on average significantly higher compared to the initial measurements for Er,Cr:YSGG with BG (p < 0.001), but not observed in BG alone (p = 0.331). After radiotherapy, SEM showed increased surface roughness with eroded prisms. Er,Cr:YSGG and BG or BG alone both showed disorderly packed glass particles on the enamel surface. Radiotherapy noticeably reduced the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. Er,Cr:YSGG and BG treatment increased the concentrations of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and silicate. BG treatment alone increased the concetration of calcium and phosphorus. Directly induced radiotherapy led to potential damage of enamel, but afterwards treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and BG resulted in a higher increase of enamel microhardness compared to BG alone, reflecting in a possible better remineralization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klarić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andro Tarle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vukelja
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Majana Soče
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Timor Grego
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bernard Janković
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ghelejkhani A, Nadalizadeh S, Rajabi M. Effect of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride with/without erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser irradiation on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:20. [PMID: 34104367 PMCID: PMC8174458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser therapy, along with the use of fluoridated compounds is a novel technique suggested for caries prevention. Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is another product suggested for this purpose. This study compared the effect of CPP-ACP and fluoride with/without Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser irradiation on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro experimental study evaluated 35 extracted third molars. The teeth were decoronated, and the crowns were split into buccal and lingual halves. The samples were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10) of GC Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, laser, fluoride varnish, laser + GC Tooth Mousse, laser + MI Paste Plus, and laser + fluoride varnish. The baseline microhardness was measured before the intervention. After the intervention, the samples were kept in artificial saliva for 1 h and were then immersed in the demineralizing solution for 3 h followed by 21 h of immersion in the remineralizing solution for a total period of 12 days. Finally, the teeth were kept in the remineralizing solution for 2 more days. The secondary microhardness of the teeth was then measured. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test. RESULTS The fluoride varnish (14.31%) and laser + fluoride varnish (18.79%) groups experienced minimum reduction in microhardness, while the GC Tooth Mousse group experienced maximum reduction in microhardness (91.64%) (P < 0.001). Laser irradiation before the application of remineralizing agents increased the microhardness only in laser + GC Tooth Mousse group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fluoride varnish increased the enamel microhardness, while GC Tooth Mousse had no such effect. Laser therapy before the application of remineralizing agents did not significantly enhance enamel resistance to demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Ghelejkhani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Arezoo Ghelejkhani, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Yilmaz N, Baltaci E, Baygin O, Tüzüner T, Ozkaya S, Canakci A. Effect of the usage of Er,Cr:YSGG laser with and without different remineralization agents on the enamel erosion of primary teeth. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1607-1620. [PMID: 32472426 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different remineralization agents associated with erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) (0.5 W power, 20 Hz frequency, 60% water, 40% air, 25 mJ pulse energy, 8.84 J/cm2 fluence, 60 μs pulse duration, 600 μm tip diameter, and an approximate 1-1.5 mm distance to the target) laser irradiation on erosion induced by the consumption of carbonated drinks in human primary enamel. There were 8 groups and 10 primary teeth in each g0roup. The distribution was as follows: group 1, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF); group 2, Er,Cr:YSGG laser+CPP-ACPF; group 3, fluor varnish; group 4, Er,Cr:YSGG Laser+fluoride varnish; group 5, ROCS® medical mineral gel; group 6, Er,Cr:YSGG laser + ROCS® medical mineral gel; group 7, Er,Cr:YSGG laser; and group 8, artificial saliva. The samples in the groups were submerged in artificial saliva and acid twice a day for 6 s at 6-h intervals and were then exposed to an erosion cycle 15 times. In the groups in which the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was applied in combination with the remineralization agents, the laser application was made first, and then the remineralization agents were applied for 4 min in each group. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Bonferroni correction were used in statistical analyses, and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. According to the results, all agents had a statistically significant difference (groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6: p = 0.005, p < 0.017; groups 5 and 7: p = 0.007, p < 0.017) between BL-RM periods. However, all agents had a statistically significant remineralization effect on primary teeth enamel (groups 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7: p = 0.005, p < 0.017; group 4: p = 0.011, p < 0.017) except that group 5 (p = 0.074, p < 0.017) between DM-RM periods. The coadministration of an agent with the laser did not make any difference at a statistical level (p = 0.804, p > 0.05). The results were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. As a result of this study, CPP-ACPF had a notable impact in terms of the remineralization effect on eroded enamel, and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser alone may be an alternative method, which may be related to the modified hydroxyapatite structure, 38.5% H0.56Ca4.56O13P3Y0.44, that was determined in XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Baltaci
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ozgul Baygin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ozkaya
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aykut Canakci
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Bahrololoomi Z, Zarebidoki F, Mostafalu N. The effect of different re-mineralizing agents and diode laser irradiation on the microhardness of primary molar enamel: An in vitro study. Laser Ther 2019; 28:187-192. [PMID: 32009732 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.28_19-or-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Dental caries is a global concern and different materials and methods were proposed for its prevention.The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of different demineralizing agents with and without diode laser radiation on the microhardness of primary molars enamel. Materials and Methods 48 primary molar teeth were used in this study. The enamel blocks were prepared. Primary microhardness values were also measured. All samples were demineralized, then demineralization was approved by a DIAGNOdent pen. The remineralization was done into the buccal and lingual surfaces of the samples as follows:Group 1: CPP-ACP, Group 2: CPP-ACPF, Group 3: MI varnish, Group 4: NaF varnish. The lingual surfaces received diode laser irradiation. Finally, a secondary microhardness test was performed on all samples. Statistical analyses were done and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results A comparison between the primary and the secondary microhardness values showed significant differences (P = 0.003). The highest secondary microhardness values belonged to the MI varnish +laser group. Conclusion Application of the agents, containing the combination of Ca, P, and F, was significantly better than others in increasing the microhardness of the enamel. Although the application of diode laser increased the hardness of the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Associated Professor, Social Determinants of Oral Health Research Center, Department of Pedodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarebidoki
- Assistant, Department of Pedodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mostafalu
- Assistant professor, Department of Pedodontics, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
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Al-Maliky MA, Frentzen M, Meister J. Laser-assisted prevention of enamel caries: a 10-year review of the literature. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:13-30. [PMID: 31399861 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the invention of lasers in dentistry, investigations in caries prevention by the use of laser radiation have been proposed. There are several mechanisms stated for this purpose such as photothermal and/or photochemical interaction processes with the enamel. Alone or in conjugation with topical fluoride application, this treatment modality may improve enamel acid resistance in high-caries-risk populations. Data collection was done by searching the keywords caries, prevention, and laser in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Lasing protocols of the collected literature and their effectiveness as well as examination methods used to verify treatment outcomes have been evaluated. One hundred eighteen publications were found for the last 10 years. The wavelengths investigated for caries prevention are mainly located in the near and the mid-infrared spectral range. In the evaluated period of time, investigations using CO2; Er:YAG; Er,Cr:YSGG; Er:YLF; fundamental, second, and third harmonic generations of Nd:YAG; diodes; and argon ion lasers were found in the databases. Accounting for 39% of the literature, CO2 laser was the most examined system for this purpose. Reviewing the literature in this narrative review showed that all laser systems presented a positive effect in varying degrees. Laser irradiation could be an alternative or synergistic to topical fluoridation for enamel caries prevention with longer lasting effect. Further research should be focused on selecting proper laser settings to avoid damage to enamel and developing effective evidence-based clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abbood Al-Maliky
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany. .,Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Meister
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Applied Medical Laser Research and Biomedical Optics (AMLaReBO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Elwardani GE, Harhash TAH, Zaky AA. Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG on Remineralization Using CPP - ACPF (MI - Paste Plus) after Enamel Erosion Caused by Carbonated Soft Drink in Primary Teeth: In-Vitro Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1184-1192. [PMID: 31049105 PMCID: PMC6490502 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Erosion is a widespread phenomenon with higher predilection in primary dentition. AIM: The aim of the present study is to assess the remineralising effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application combined with CPP-ACPF after erosive demineralisation by Coca-Cola in primary teeth. METHODS: Fifty teeth (n = 10) were divided into; Group I: Artificial saliva, (Saliva natural, Medac, UK), Group II: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus, GC Corp, USA), Group III: Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase iPlus, USA), Group IV: CPP-ACPF + Er,Cr:YSGG, Group V: Er,Cr:YSGG + CPP-ACPF. Teeth were immersed in Coca-Cola for 10 min, 5 times/day for 5 days. DIAGNOdent (DD) measurements were taken before and after the experiment. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in DD readings after erosive-treatment cycles in all test groups. The highest reading was in samples immersed in artificial saliva, and the lowest was in those subjected to combined CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, regardless of the sequence used. There was no significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva, and after CPP-ACPF application. Similarly, there was no significant difference between samples treated by combined treatment of CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG application. However, there was a significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva or treated with CPP-ACPF application and those subjected to combined treatment CPP-ACPF along with Er,Cr:YSGG. CONCLUSION: Combining Er,Cr:YSGG laser and CPP-ACPF paste significantly increased enamel remineralisation, regardless of the sequence implemented. Saliva naturally and CPP-ACPF application had a comparable effect on remineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ezzeldin Elwardani
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek Abdel Hamid Harhash
- Medical Applications of Laser Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abbas Zaky
- Medical Applications of Laser Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Serdar-Eymirli P, Turgut MD, Dolgun A, Yazici AR. The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, fluoride, and CPP-ACP on caries resistance of primary enamel. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:881-891. [PMID: 30446860 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of different remineralization agents and laser on caries resistance of primary enamel. In the study, 150 sound primary molars were used. The initial microhardness values were measured and the teeth were randomly assigned to ten treatment groups (n = 15): no treatment/negative control (C), NaF, APF, fluoride varnish (FV), CPP-ACP, laser (L), L + NaF, L + APF, L + FV, L + CPP-ACP. The microhardness values were measured after the treatments and the pH cycle. The obtained data were analyzed statistically. One sample from each group was examined before treatment, after treatment, and after the pH cycle with a scanning electron microscope. While microhardness values after treatment compared to baseline increased, microhardness after the pH cycle decreased compared to after treatment values in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). In regard to the difference in microhardness after the pH cycle and baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between groups C and NaF and between C and CPP-ACP (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups L and L + FV (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was noted between groups L and L + NaF, L + APF, L + CPP-ACP (p > 0.05). As a conclusion, FV is more effective when used in combination with laser than laser alone. NaF, CPP-ACP, and laser may be insufficient in protecting the primary teeth against acid attacks compared to FV used with laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Serdar-Eymirli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Altindağ, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M D Turgut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Altindağ, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Dolgun
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A R Yazici
- Hacettepe University Dental Laser Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Farhadian N, Rezaei-Soufi L, Jamalian SF, Farhadian M, Tamasoki S, Malekshoar M, Javanshir B. Effect of CPP-ACP paste with and without CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness and bracket shear bond strength. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 22:53-60. [PMID: 28902250 PMCID: PMC5573011 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.22.4.053-060.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many patients seeking orthodontic treatment already have incipient enamel lesions and should be placed under preventive treatments. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP paste and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Eighty caries-free human premolars were subjected to a demineralization challenge using Streptococcus mutans. After demineralization, the samples were randomly divided into five equal experimental groups: Group 1 (control), the brackets were bonded without any surface treatment; Group 2, the enamel surfaces were treated with CPP-ACP paste for 4 minutes before bonding; Group 3, the teeth were irradiated with CO2 laser beams at a wavelength of 10.6 µm for 20 seconds. The samples in Groups 4 and 5 were treated with CO2 laser either before or through CPP-ACP application. SEM photomicrographs of a tooth from each group were taken to observe the enamel surface. The brackets were bonded to the buccal enamel using a conventional method. Shear bond strength of brackets and ARI scores were measured. Vickers microhardness was measured on the non-bonded enamel surface. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test at the p< 0.05 level. Results: The mean shear bond strength and microhardness of the laser group were higher than those in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). All groups showed a higher percentage of ARI score 4. Conclusion: CO2 laser at a wavelength of 10.6 µm significantly increased demineralized enamel microhardness and enhanced bonding to demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Farhadian
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Dental Faculty, Orthodontics Department (Hamadan, Iran)
| | - Loghman Rezaei-Soufi
- University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry. Hamadan (Hamadan, Iran)
| | | | - Maryam Farhadian
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics (Hamadan, Iran)
| | - Shahrzad Tamasoki
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Dental Faculty, Orthodontics Department (Hamadan, Iran)
| | - Milad Malekshoar
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Dental Faculty, Orthodontics Department (Hamadan, Iran)
| | - Bahareh Javanshir
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Dental Faculty, Orthodontics Department (Hamadan, Iran)
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13
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Davoudi A, Sanei M, Badrian H. Application of Laser Irradiation for Restorative Treatments. Open Dent J 2016; 10:636-642. [PMID: 27990188 PMCID: PMC5123129 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, lasers are widely used in many fields of medicine. Also, they can be applied at many branches of dental practice such as diagnosis, preventive procedures, restorative treatments, and endodontic therapies. Procedures like caries removal, re-mineralization, and vital pulp therapy are the most noticeable effects of laser irradiation which has gained much attention among clinicians. With controlled and appropriate wavelength, they can help stimulating dentinogenesis, controlling pulpal hemorrhage, sterilization, healing of collagenic proteins, formation of a fibrous matrix, and inducing hard tissue barrier. Nevertheless, there are many controversies in literatures regarding their effects on the quality of bonded restorations. It hampered a wide application of lasers in some aspects of restorative dentistry and requirements to identify the best way to use this technology. The aim of this mini review is to explain special characteristics of laser therapy and to introduce the possible applications of laser devices for dental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Davoudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sanei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Khorram Abad University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Hamid Badrian
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Cekic-Nagas I, Ergun G, Egilmez F. Light transmittance of fiber posts following various surface treatments: A preliminary study. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:230-233. [PMID: 27095902 PMCID: PMC4813441 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.178303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the light transmittance of fiber posts following application of various surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fiber post specimens (Snowpost red size #14) were tested (n = 7). The fiber posts were divided into five groups according to the application of surface treatments: Group 1: No surface treatment; Group 2: Etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) + silane application; Group 3: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3; Group 4: Irradiated with erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser; Group 5: Airborne-particle abraded with 110 μm Al2O3 + silane application. The light transmittance of the specimens was compared using a spectrophotometer. Statistical significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). RESULTS One-way ANOVA revealed that surface treatment had significant effects on light transmittance of posts (P < 0.001). While laser treatment had the highest percentage of light transmittance, treatment with silane following HF application had the lowest. CONCLUSION Application of surface treatments might negatively affect the light transmission property of fiber posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Cekic-Nagas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Gulfem Ergun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ferhan Egilmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
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