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Sourvanos D, Zhu TC, Dimofte A, Busch TM, Lander B, Burrell JC, Neiva R, Fiorellini JP. A novel investigational preclinical model to assess fluence rate for dental oral craniofacial tissues. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104015. [PMID: 38373469 PMCID: PMC11139582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) are recognized for their potential in treating head and neck conditions. The heterogeneity of human tissue optical properties presents a challenge for effective dosimetry. The porcine mandible cadaver serves as an excellent model and has several similarities to human tissues of the dental oral craniofacial complex. This study aims to validate a novel modeling system that will help refine PDT and PBM dosimetry for the head and neck region. METHODS AND MATERIALS Light transmission was analyzed through several tissue combinations at distances of 2 mm to 10 mm. Maximum light fluence rates (mW/cm2) were compared across tissue types to reveal the effects of tissue heterogeneity. RESULTS The study revealed that light fluence is affected by tissue composition, with dentin/enamel showing reduced transmission and soft tissue regions exhibiting elevated values. The porcine model has proven to be efficient in mimicking human tissue responses to light, enabling the potential to optimize future protocols. CONCLUSION The porcine mandible cadaver is a novel model to understand the complex interactions between light and tissue. This study provides a foundation for future investigations into dosimetry optimization for PDT and PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Sourvanos
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry (CiPD), School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
| | - Timothy C Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Andreea Dimofte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Lander
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Justin C Burrell
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry (CiPD), School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michal J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Neiva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Joseph P Fiorellini
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Chen S, Tang L, Xu M, Chen T, Zhao S, Liu M, Liu S. Light-emitting-diode-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:311-321. [PMID: 34907599 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diode (LED)-based photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis is increasing because these modalities are effective, safe, and painless. They are not subject to acquired drug resistance or environmental issues and are associated with no complications when used appropriately. These light sources have also been used in combination with pharmacological measures to synergize their effects and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on optical devices used in treating periodontitis and delineates the current applications of various methods, including their utility and efficacy. The application of LEDs in periodontology is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Schulz S, Ziganshyna S, Lippmann N, Glass S, Eulenburg V, Habermann N, Schwarz UT, Voigt A, Heilmann C, Rüffer T, Werdehausen R. The Meta-Substituted Isomer of TMPyP Enables More Effective Photodynamic Bacterial Inactivation than Para-TMPyP In Vitro. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050858. [PMID: 35630304 PMCID: PMC9143678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyrinoid-based photodynamic inactivation (PDI) provides a promising approach to treating multidrug-resistant infections. However, available agents for PDI still have optimization potential with regard to effectiveness, toxicology, chemical stability, and solubility. The currently available photosensitizer TMPyP is provided with a para substitution pattern (para-TMPyP) of the pyridinium groups and has been demonstrated to be effective for PDI of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To further improve its properties, we synthetized a structural variant of TMPyP with an isomeric substitution pattern in a meta configuration (meta-TMPyP), confirmed the correct structure by crystallographic analysis and performed a characterization with NMR-, UV/Vis-, and IR spectroscopy, photostability, and singlet oxygen generation assay. Meta-TMPyP had a hypochromic shift in absorbance (4 nm) with a 55% higher extinction coefficient and slightly improved photostability (+6.9%) compared to para-TMPyP. Despite these superior molecular properties, singlet oxygen generation was increased by only 5.4%. In contrast, PDI, based on meta-TMPyP, reduced the density of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli by several orders of magnitude, whereby a sterilizing effect was observed after 48 min of illumination, while para-TMPyP was less effective (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that structural modification with meta substitution increases antibacterial properties of TMPyP in PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (S.Z.); (V.E.)
| | - Svitlana Ziganshyna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (S.Z.); (V.E.)
| | - Norman Lippmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sarah Glass
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (S.Z.); (V.E.)
| | - Natalia Habermann
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (N.H.); (U.T.S.)
| | - Ulrich T. Schwarz
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (N.H.); (U.T.S.)
| | - Alexander Voigt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.V.); (C.H.)
| | - Claudia Heilmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.V.); (C.H.)
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.V.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (S.Z.); (V.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (R.W.)
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Bytyqi A, Aliu X, Barani M, Stubljar D, Jukic T, Starc A, Krasniqi S. Disinfection of Infected Artificial Dental Periapical Lesions with Diode Laser: An In Vitro Study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2021; 27:e932492. [PMID: 34369916 PMCID: PMC8325393 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.932492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periapical lesions are primarily caused by infections in the root canals. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of diode laser during root canal treatment in artificial models of infected periapical lesions. Material/Methods One hundred twenty-two extracted premolar single-rooted teeth were inserted into methyl methacrylate artificial models of periapical lesions, and bacterial solutions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456) were then applied to the models. The respective diameters of lesions in the artificial models represented 3 different subgroups based on lesion size. The laser protocol used for endodontic disinfection had a power output of 1.5 W and a wavelength of 810 nm. The impact on cell viability was evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Disinfection with laser did not differ between microorganisms (P=0.137), and laser irradiation with a longer duration had better disinfecting action for both microorganisms (P<0.001). Compared with larger lesions, smaller lesions had a higher percentage of dead cells for both microorganisms (P<0.001). The percentage of dead cells in the treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions Laser treatment had a poor, almost negligible effect on elimination of bacterial cells in large periapical lesions. Application of a laser might serve as an adjuvant method to standard irrigation with sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agron Bytyqi
- College of Medical Sciences - Rezonanca, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Xhevdet Aliu
- University for Business and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Merita Barani
- University for Business and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - David Stubljar
- Department of Research and Development, In-Medico, Metlika, Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine, History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrej Starc
- Chair of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sokol Krasniqi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Moro GG, Massat NC, Grandizoli DRP, Junior AE, Degasperi GR, Fontana CE, Pinheiro SL. Effect of cetrimide 2% with and without photodynamic therapy to reduce Streptococcus mutans burden in dentinal carious lesions. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1935-1940. [PMID: 33786671 PMCID: PMC8009689 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the use of cetrimide alone and combined with photodynamic therapy to reduce S. mutans burden in carious lesions. Sixty permanent third molars were sectioned and the coronal dentin exposed. A cariogenic challenge was performed using brain-heart infusion (BHI) medium supplemented and S. mutans ATCC 25175. Specimens were incubated in anaerobic jars at 37 °C for 15 days, with BHI renewed every 24 h. After 15 days, specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): C, control (no treatment); CHX, application of chlorhexidine 2%; CT, application of cetrimide 2%; CT+aPDT, application of cetrimide 2% followed by methylene blue dye and aPDT (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: wavelength 660 nm, energy 4J, power 100 mW, spot size 0.0028 cm2, energy density 142 J/cm2 for 40 s); ES+aPDT, application of experimental solution (methylene blue dye with cetrimide) and aPDT; and aPDT alone. Carious tissue from each specimen was collected before and after the applications. Five decimal dilutions were performed, and the resulting solution was seeded in mitis-salivarius-bacitracin agar. Plates were incubated in anaerobic jars at 37 °C for 48 h. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test was used to compare total S. mutans counts. Significant reductions in S. mutans were observed after application of CT+aPDT (0.30 (0.97), p < 0.0001) and ES+aPDT (0.52 (1.13), p < 0.0001). Cetrimide 2% with methylene blue dye, applied consecutively or as a mixture, can be used as a photosensitizing agent for aPDT to reduce S. mutans burden in dentinal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Giorgi Moro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Cunha Massat
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PUC Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, SP, 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Diana Roberta Pereira Grandizoli
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PUC Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, SP, 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Augusto Etchegaray Junior
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PUC Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, SP, 13034-685, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PUC Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, SP, 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Center for Life Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, PUC Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n, Campinas, SP, 13034-685, Brazil.
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Potential for direct application of blue light for photo-disinfection of dentine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112123. [PMID: 33454542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct application of light for photo-disinfection potentially provides a safe and novel modality to inhibit or eliminate cariogenic bacteria residing upon and within dentine. This study aimed to both; characterize the pattern of transmission of 405 nm light through molar dentine at different tooth locations, as well as, determine the irradiation parameters that are antibacterial for Streptococcus mutans under various growth conditions, including lawns, planktonic cultures, and biofilms. To determine the amount of light (405 nm) transmitted at different anatomical tooth locations; irradiance values were recorded after blue light (470-4054 mW/cm2) had traversed through occlusal, oblique, and buccal dentine sections; and three thicknesses - 1, 2 and 3 mm were investigated. To determine tubular density; scanning electron micrographs from 2 mm outer (dentine-enamel junction) and inner (pulp) dentine sections were analysed. For photo-disinfection studies; S. mutans was irradiated using the same 405 nm wavelength light at a range of doses (110-1254 J/cm2) in both biofilm and planktonic cultures. The inhibitory effect of the irradiation on bacterial lawns was compared by measuring zones of inhibition; and for planktonic cultures both spectrophotometric and colony forming unit (CFU) assays were performed. A live/dead staining assay was utilised to determine the effect of irradiation on bacterial viability in mature biofilms. Data indicated that increasing dentine thickness decreased light transmission significantly irrespective of its orientation. Occlusal and oblique samples exhibited higher transmission compared with buccal dentine. Oblique dentine 405 nm light transmission was comparable with that of occlusal dentine independent of section thickness. An increased tubule density directly positively correlated with light transmission. Irradiation at 405 nm inhibited S. mutans growth in both biofilm and planktonic cultures and a dose response relationship was observed. Irradiation at doses of 340 and 831 J/cm2 led to significant reductions in bacterial growth and viability; as determined by CFU counting and live/dead staining. Data suggests that phototherapy approaches utilising a 405 nm wavelength have therapeutic potential to limit cariogenic bacterial infections both at the surface and within dentine.
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Mai NNH, Yamaguchi Y, Choijookhuu N, Matsumoto J, Nanashima A, Takagi H, Sato K, Tuan LQ, Hishikawa Y. Photodynamic Therapy Using a Novel Phosphorus Tetraphenylporphyrin Induces an Anticancer Effect via Bax/Bcl-xL-related Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Biliary Cancer Cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:61-72. [PMID: 32873990 PMCID: PMC7450180 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizer activation by light of a specific wavelength, and is a promising treatment for various cancers; however, the detailed mechanism of PDT remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer effect of PDT using a novel phosphorus tetraphenylporphyrin (Ptpp) in combination with light emitting diodes (Ptpp-PDT) in the NOZ human biliary cancer cell line. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay for 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. MitoTracker and JC-1 were used as markers of mitochondrial localization and membrane potential. The levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that Ptpp localized to mitochondria, and that Ptpp-PDT efficiently decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. JC-1 and OXPHOS complexes decreased, but apoptotic cells increased from 6 to 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. A decrease in Bcl-xL and increases in Bax, cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 were also found from 6 to 24 hr after Ptpp-PDT. Based on these results, we conclude that Ptpp-PDT induces anticancer effects via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by altering the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, and could be an effective treatment for human biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Nhat Huynh Mai
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University
| | - Yuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
- Present address: Division of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Narantsog Choijookhuu
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Jin Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | | | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
| | - Le Quoc Tuan
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University
| | - Yoshitaka Hishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki
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Bactericidal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on dentin plate infected with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Odontology 2020; 109:67-75. [PMID: 32556972 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine bactericidal effects of a new antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on dentin plates infected with Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). First, we measured the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced when new photosensitizer (PS), acid red (AR), and brilliant blue (BB) were irradiated with a semiconductor laser. ROS generated from each PS solution by laser irradiation was calculated as the total light emission amount (Relative Light Unit, RLU) using a chemiluminescence measuring device. Second, we examined bactericidal effects of the aPDT on dentin plates infected with L. acidophilus. The bactericidal effects on each group were evaluated by colony count assay and adenosine triphosphate assay. The experimental groups comprised two laser irradiation groups (650 nm laser, 650laser; and 940 nm laser, 940laser), two PS groups (BB and AR), four aPDT groups (650 nm laser irradiation with BB, 650laser-BB; 650 nm laser irradiation with AR, 650laser-AR; 940 nm laser irradiation with BB, 940laser-BB; 940 nm laser irradiation with AR, 940laser-AR), and a control. The ROS in all aPDT groups was significantly higher than in the control. RLU in all groups applied with laser irradiation was significantly lower than that in the control. However, only 650laser-BB showed significantly lower colony counts than the control. 650laser-BB was the most effective in sterilizing the infected dentin plates.
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Stájer A, Kajári S, Gajdács M, Musah-Eroje A, Baráth Z. Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E43. [PMID: 32392793 PMCID: PMC7345245 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Kajári
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Aima Musah-Eroje
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.-E.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.-E.); (Z.B.)
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10
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Ziganshyna S, Guttenberger A, Lippmann N, Schulz S, Bercker S, Kahnt A, Rüffer T, Voigt A, Gerlach K, Werdehausen R. Tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS)-based photodynamic inactivation of critical multidrug-resistant bacteria in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105976. [PMID: 32325201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach to treat multidrug-resistant infections. However, effectiveness of PDI is limited, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria. The use of photosensitizer (PS) 3,3',3'',3'''-(7,8,17,18-tetrahydro-21H,23H-porphyrine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis[1-methyl-pyridinium]tetratosylate (THPTS) and laser light has led to very promising results. This study focuses on the effects of THPTS in various critical multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and explores the possibility of light-emitting diode (LED)-based activation as a clinically more feasible alternative to laser light. METHODS THPTS was further chemically characterized and in vitro testing of PDI of different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains was performed under various experimental conditions, including varying drug concentration, incubation time, light source (laser and LED) and light intensity, by determination of viable bacteria after treatment. The effect of hyaluronic acid as an adjuvant for medical applications was also evaluated. RESULTS Bacterial density of all investigated bacterial strains was reduced by several orders of magnitude, irrespective of multidrug-resistance or hyaluronic acid addition. The effect was less intense in Gram-negative strains (disinfection), and more pronounced in Gram-positive strains (sterilization), even at reduced THPTS concentrations or decreased light treatment intensity. Controls without THPTS or without light treatment did not indicate reduced bacterial density. CONCLUSIONS PDI with THPTS and laser light was effective in all investigated bacterial strains. Gram-negative strains were less, but sufficiently, susceptible to PDI. Adding hyaluronic acid did not reduce the antibacterial treatment effect. LED-based PDI is equally effective when illumination duration is increased to compensate for reduced light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Ziganshyna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Guttenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Lippmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Bercker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Voigt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Khrystyna Gerlach
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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The Contribution of Photodynamic Inactivation vs. Corsodyl Mouthwash to the Control of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:988-996. [PMID: 31997000 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work compared the inhibition effect of the commercially available mouthwash Corsodyl, containing 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate, and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) employing methylene blue (MB) with irradiation from a red laser on 24-h biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans strains on hydroxyapatite surfaces. The cytotoxicity of Corsodyl and MB was evaluated by Galleria mellonella surviving assay. The viability of biofilm cells after exposure to mouthwash and PDI was determined by counting colony-forming units. The inhibitory effect of antimicrobial agents was confirmed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. MB did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on larval survival. Non-diluted Corsodyl slightly decreased the survival of larvae. Using our PDI parameters achieved better inhibition than with non-PDI, proving a significant effect on the eradication of S. mutans biofilms and therefore could be an appropriate supplement for the eradication of dental caries.
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Sun Y, Ogawa R, Xiao BH, Feng YX, Wu Y, Chen LH, Gao XH, Chen HD. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in skin wound healing: A systematic review of animal studies. Int Wound J 2019; 17:285-299. [PMID: 31724831 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a common wound complication that can significantly delay healing. Classical local therapies for infected wounds are expensive and are frequently ineffective. One alternative therapy is photodynamic therapy (PDT). We conducted a systematic review to clarify whether PDT is useful for bacteria-infected wounds in animal models. PubMed and Medline were searched for articles on PDT in infected skin wounds in animals. The language was limited to English. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The overall study methodological quality was moderate, with a low-moderate risk of bias. The animal models were mice and rats. The wounds were excisional, burn, and abrasion wounds. Wound size ranged from 6 mm in diameter to 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 . Most studies inoculated the wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eleven and 17 studies showed that the PDT of infected wounds significantly decreased wound size and bacterial counts, respectively. Six, four, and two studies examined the effect of PDT on infected wound-cytokine levels, wound-healing time, and body weight, respectively. Most indicated that PDT had beneficial effects on these variables. PDT accelerated bacteria-infected wound healing in animals by promoting wound closure and killing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bi-Huan Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang-Hong Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Darmani H, Tawalbeh KH, Al-Hiyasat AS, Al-Akhras MA. Comparison of the Photosensitivity of Biofilms of Different Genera of Cariogenic Bacteria in Tooth Slices. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 67:455-462. [PMID: 30550231 PMCID: PMC7256787 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of S. mutans, L. casei and A. viscosus in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. S. salivarius was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Darmani
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Khitam H Tawalbeh
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Al-Hiyasat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mohammad-Ali Al-Akhras
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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Alexandrino FJR, Bezerra EM, Da Costa RF, Cavalcante LRL, Sales FAM, Francisco TS, Rodrigues LKA, de Brito DHA, Ricardo NMPS, Costa SN, de Lima-Neto P, Barroso-Neto IL, Caetano EWS, Freire VN. Rose Bengal incorporated to α-cyclodextrin microparticles for photodynamic therapy against the cariogenic microorganism Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:111-118. [PMID: 30468898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rose Bengal@α-cyclodextrin (RB@α-CD) microparticles (μPs) were prepared and the RB inclusion in α-CD was experimentally demonstrated through infrared, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The RB inclusion in α-CD was theoretically investigated using classical molecular mechanics calculations, the simulation results showing that RB can be included in both the narrow and wide apertures of the α-cyclodextrin ring with configurations exhibiting average binding energies of about 27 kcal mol-1. The prepared RB@α-CD microparticles were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and it was demonstrated that they are highly efficient in the photodynamic therapy against a Streptococcus mutans (the main bacteria of cariogenic dental plaque) suspension, as a concentration of RB@α-CD μPs 10 times smaller than the usual concentration of pure RB is still capable to produce significant antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J R Alexandrino
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 50430-275 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil; Faculdade Paulo Picanço, 60135-218, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - E M Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - R F Da Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - L R L Cavalcante
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - F A M Sales
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Campus de Aracati, 62800-000 Aracati - CE, Brazil
| | - T S Francisco
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59625-900 Mossoró - RN, Brazil
| | - L K A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60430370 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - D H Almeida de Brito
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12100, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - N M P S Ricardo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 12100, Campus do Pici, 60451-970 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - S N Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554 Fortaleza- CE, Brazil
| | - P de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440900, Fortaleza- CE, Brazil
| | - I L Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
| | - E W S Caetano
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, 60040-531 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil.
| | - V N Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60440-900 Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
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Tantivitayakul P, Rassameemasmaung S, Thapanabhiboonsuk S. In vitro effect of diode laser against biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:485-490. [PMID: 30369791 PMCID: PMC6178678 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_289_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main objective is to investigate the antibacterial effect of diode laser against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of A. actinomycetemcomitans plus Streptococcus sanguinis grown on bovine root surfaces were treated with an 810-nm diode laser using a noncontact pulsed mode with a pulse interval and pulse length of 20 ms. Four protocols, that is, one episode of 1.5 or 2.5 W for 30 s and three episodes of 1.5 or 2.5 W for 30 s were tested. No treatment and 0.2% chlorhexidine treatment served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Viable bacterial number was determined by colony counting. Results: Treatment with chlorhexidine and all laser protocols except that using single episode of 1.5 W reduced the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans in either single-species or dual-species biofilm compared to negative control. A higher percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans reduction was demonstrated after increasing the power output or repeating the irradiation. Conclusions: The laser protocols used in this study could reduce the number of viable bacteria but not eradicate A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanee Rassameemasmaung
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sununtha Thapanabhiboonsuk
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gonçalves MLL, da Mota ACC, Deana AM, Guedes GH, Cavalcante LADS, Prates RA, Horliana ACRT, Pavani C, Motta LJ, Bitencourt GDB, Fernandes KPS, Salgueiro MDCC, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, da Silva DFT, França CM, Bussadori SK. Photodynamic therapy with Bixa orellana extract and LED for the reduction of halitosis: study protocol for a randomized, microbiological and clinical trial. Trials 2018; 19:590. [PMID: 30373650 PMCID: PMC6206672 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis is an unpleasant breath odour that can interfere with the professional life, social life and quality of life of people who suffer from it. A modality of treatment that has been increasing in dentistry is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Bixa orellana, popularly known as "urucum" is a plant native to Brazil. The seeds are used to produce a dye that is largely used in the food, textile, paint and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study is to verify whether aPDT with Bixa orellana extract and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is effective in reducing halitosis. This method will also be compared with tongue scraping, the most commonly used conventional method for tongue coating removal, and the association of both methods will be evaluated. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at the dental clinic of the Universidade Nove de Julho. Thirty-nine patients will be divided by block randomization into three groups (n = 13) according to the treatment to be performed. In Group 1, tongue scraping will be performed by the same operator in all patients for analysis of the immediate results. Patients will also be instructed on how to use the scraper at home. Group 2 will be treated with aPDT with Bixa orellana extract and the LED light curing device: Valo Cordless Ultradent®. Six points in the tongue dorsum with a distance of 1 cm between them will be irradiated. The apparatus will be pre-calibrated at wavelength 395-480 nm for 20 s and 9.6 J per point. In Group 3, patients will be submitted to the tongue scraping procedure, as well as to the previously explained aPDT. Oral air collection with the Oral Chroma™ and microbiological collections of the tongue coating shall be done before, immediately after and 7 days after treatment for comparison. DISCUSSION Halitosis treatment is a topic that still needs attention. The results of this trial could support decision-making by clinicians regarding aPDT using blue LEDs for treating halitosis on a daily basis, as most dentists already have this light source in their offices. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03346460 . Registered on 17 November 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Costa da Mota
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Guelton Hirano Guedes
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | | | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Pavani
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Greice de Brito Bitencourt
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Daniela Fátima Teixeira da Silva
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 2730 S.W. Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP ZIP 01504-001 Brazil
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Ahrari F, Shahabi M, Fekrazad R, Eslami N, Mazhari F, Ghazvini K, Emrani N. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Lactobacillus acidophilus by indocyanine green and 810-nm diode laser. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:145-149. [PMID: 30153475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using EmunDo as a photosensitizer against Lactobacillus acidophilus. A gallium aluminum arsenide diode laser was used in this experiment (810 nm, CW). Standard suspensions of Lactobacillus acidophilus were divided into six groups by treatment: 1) EmunDo, 2) diode laser (100 mW, 90 s), 3) diode laser (300 mW, 30 s); 4) EmunDo + diode laser (100 mW, 90 s), 5) EmunDo + diode laser (300 mW, 30 s), 6) control (no treatment). Bacterial suspensions from each group were subcultured onto the surface of MRS agar plates immediately and 24 h after treatment, and the viable microorganisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus were counted. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and student's t-test at p < 0.05. There was a significant between-group difference in the number of Lactobacillus acidophilus colonies in cell cultures obtained at 24 h after treatment (p < 0.001). The viable counts were significantly lower in EmunDo and both PDT groups, as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). In the control and laser-irradiated groups, the number of colonies increased significantly at 24 h compared to the immediately after treatment (p < 0.05), whereas in both PDT groups, the number of colonies showed a significant reduction after 24 h of therapy (p < 0.05). Under the conditions used in this study, L. acidophilus colonies were susceptible to PDT after sensitization with EmunDo and exposure to diode laser. These findings imply that PDT is capable to reduce cariogenic bacteria, potentially leading to more conservative cavity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shahabi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Science, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran and International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eslami
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mazhari
- Dental Material Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Emrani
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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A suppository kit for metronomic photodynamic therapy: The elimination of rectal cancer in situ. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 181:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Azizi A, Mousavian S, Taheri S, Lawaf S, Gonoudi E, Rahimi A. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy with two mediators against Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:357-362. [PMID: 29409897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lactobacillus is a cariogenic microorganism. Different therapeutic approaches including photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been suggested for treatment of bacterial infection. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of PDT with Indocyanine green (ICG) and Methylene blue (MB) photosensitizers (PSs) on Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in-vitro experimental study, 84 samples of L. acidophilus (1 McFarland standard) were compared in 14 experimental groups including: MB, ICG, 660-nm laser, 808-nm laser (pulsed, 74s/continuous-wave, 37s), different combinations of lasers and PSs, Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2%, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, penicillin 6.3.3 and control groups. The samples were cultured in microplates containing blood agar culture medium. After incubation at 37 °C for 48 h, the colony forming units (CFUs) of L. acidophilus were counted and compared before and after therapeutic interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 software program according to one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS This study showed that the separate use of ICG, 660- and 808-nm lasers (pulsed, 74s/continuous-wave, 37s), and the combined use of 808-nm laser (pulsed, 74s/continuous-wave, 37s) and ICG have no significant inhibitory effect on L. acidophilus colonies (P > 0.05), whereas the separate use of MB and the combined use of 660-nm laser (continuous-wave, 37s/pulsed, 74s) and MB significantly inhibited the growth of L. acidophilus in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Likewise, CHX 0.2%, NaOCl 2.5% and penicillin 6.3.3 significantly inhibited the bacterial growth (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that separate use of MB and combined use of 660-nm laser and MB have a significant inhibitory effect on L. acidophilus growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Azizi
- Oral Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Mousavian
- Oral Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudabeh Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Lawaf
- Prosthodontics Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Gonoudi
- Oral Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Rahimi
- Biophysics Department, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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Effect of methylene blue-induced photodynamic therapy on a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:234-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nagai Y, Suzuki A, Katsuragi H, Shinkai K. Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the sterilization of infected dentin in vitro. Odontology 2017; 106:154-161. [PMID: 29071451 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on an infected dentin model. Dentin plates were prepared from extracted human molars and infected through immersion in a solution of Streptococcus mutans. The nine experimental groups consisted of two laser irradiation groups (650 nm laser: 650 laser and 940 nm laser: 940 laser), two photosensitizer groups (methylene blue: MB, and azulenocyanine: Azc), four aPDT groups (650 nm laser irradiation of MB: 650 laser-MB, 650 nm laser irradiation of Azc: 650 laser-Azc, 940 nm laser irradiation of MB: 940 laser-MB and 940 nm laser irradiation of Azc: 940 laser-Azc) and a control. The bactericidal effects on each group were evaluated by colony count and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays. Based on the results of the colony count assay, the 650 laser-MB and 940 laser-MB groups formed significantly fewer colonies than the other experimental groups. Significantly fewer colonies were observed in the 940 laser-Azc group than in the control, but significant differences in the numbers of colonies were not observed between the 650 laser-Azc and control groups. The 940 laser group formed slightly fewer colonies than the 650 laser group, but the difference was not significant. In addition, the number of colonies in the MB group was significantly less than the number in the Azc group. The results of the ATP assay were similar to those of the colony count assay. aPDT with MB showed a significant bactericidal effect on dentin plates infected with S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagai
- Advanced Operative Dentistry-Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Anri Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsuragi
- Department of Microbiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
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Influence of pre-irradiation time employed in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with diode laser. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:67-73. [PMID: 28963589 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of different pre-irradiation times of the photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy in biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, through the evaluation of the microbial load. The factors under study were as follows: times of pre-irradiation of the photosensitizer in three levels (1, 2, or 5 min). For the control of the cariogenic dental biofilm with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), methylene blue (0.01%) was used in association with the diode laser (InGaAlP) with a wavelength of 660 nm. Chlorhexidine digluconate (0.12% CHX) and saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The study design was carried out in complete and randomized blocks. The sample consisted of 15 S. mutans biofilms cultures, randomly divided into five groups and 15 C. albicans cultures, also divided into five groups. The experiment was performed in triplicate (n = 3) and the response variables were obtained through quantitative analysis of bacterial viability, expressed in colony-forming units (CFU) per square millimeter of the specimen area. The data were analyzed with the aid of the ANOVA one-way test and Tukey's post-test. All analyses were performed using the Graph Pad Prism 4.0 program, with a significance level of 5%. For the S. mutans group, only the saline solution presented a statistically significant difference when compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05), that is, the treatment with aPDT, irrespective of the irradiation time applied, was similar to the treatment with CHX and both were more effective in reducing cariogenic biofilm compared to saline. For the group of C. albicans, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment with aPDT reduced the number of CFUs of S. mutans in a similar way to CHX, independently of the pre-irradiation time applied. No effect of this therapy or of the different pre-irradiation times on the C. albicans biofilm could be observed. In this way, the pre-irradiation time of 1 min can be used to reduce the microbial load of S. mutans.
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Da Collina GA, Tempestini-Horliana ACR, da Silva DDFT, Longo PL, Makabe MLF, Pavani C. Oral hygiene in intensive care unit patients with photodynamic therapy: study protocol for randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:385. [PMID: 28830529 PMCID: PMC5568342 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intensive care units (ICUs), nosocomial infections are prevalent conditions and they have been related to high mortality indexes. Some studies have suggested that inefficient oral hygiene and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are related. Nowadays, in the Brazilian public health system there is no well-defined protocol for oral hygiene in an ICU. Due to the drawbacks of the use of antibiotics, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an interesting technique in order to reduce antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Methylene blue (MB) is the most common chemical agent for PDT in Brazil. However, new formulations for improved effectiveness are still lacking. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of an MB mouthwash as an effective oral-hygiene procedure in an ICU and to show that oral hygiene using PDT with MB mouthwash may reduce VAP frequency to rates similar to, or higher than, chlorhexidine. METHODS Phase 1 will evaluate the most effective cleaning procedure, while phase 2 will correlate oral hygiene to VAP incidence. At the start of phase 1, the ICU patients will be randomly allocated into three different groups (10 patients/group): the efficacy of chlorhexidine, classical MB-PDT, and mouthwash MB-PDT will all be measured for the quantification of viable bacteria, both pre- and post-treatment, by a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In phase 2, the most effective procedure found in phase 1 and a mechanical cleaning with filtered water will be carried out daily, once a day, over 5 days, with a total of 52 ICU patients randomly allocated into the two groups. The clinical records will be evaluated in order to find any pneumonic diagnoses. DISCUSSION Since a variety of bacterial species are related to VAP, a universal primer for bacteria will be used in order to quantify the total bacteria count in the participants' samples. In order to quantify only the living bacteria before DNA extraction, the samples will be treated with propidium monoazide. This will infiltrate the dead bacteria and will intercalate the DNA bases, avoiding their DNA amplification. This will be the first trial to evaluate MB-PDT in a mouthwash formula that can increase the effectiveness due to the control of MB aggregation. The results of this study will be able to generate an easy and low-cost protocol to be used in an ICU for the Brazilian public health system. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui (1.317.834, CAAE: 49273515.9.3001.5551) and it was registered in Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC number: RBR-94bvrc;). First received: 12 July 2015; 1st version 6 June 2016. Data will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves Da Collina
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini-Horliana
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Larcher Longo
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Pavani
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences Postgraduation Program, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-001 São Paulo, Brazil
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