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Takeuchi I, Funayama R, Shoji H, Nambu R, Jimbo K, Hara T, Shimizu H, Nomura I, Iwama I, Kudo T, Shimizu T, Arai K. Evaluation of Deficient Nutrients in Infants and Toddlers Mainly Taking Amino Acid-Based Elemental Formulas: An Exploratory Study. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38754393 DOI: 10.1159/000539146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated nutrient deficiencies in infants and toddlers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs), whose primary nutritional source is elemental formulas (EFs). METHODS The nutrient status of children with IBD and EGID aged 6 months to 6 years was evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-one children fed with EFs (EF group) and 25 controls (CL group) were enrolled. The selenium level in the EF group was lower than that in the CL group (2.2 μg/dL vs. 9.3 μg/dL; p < 0.01). Although fat-soluble vitamins were deficient in some EF group participants, no significant differences were observed in their concentration and insufficiency proportion. However, ascorbic acid deficiency was more frequent in the EF group, with significantly lower levels (8.6 μg/mL vs. 12.0 μg/mL; p < 0.01). The triene:tetraene ratio was significantly higher in the EF group (0.046 vs. 0.010; p < 0.01). Asparagine and taurine levels were significantly lower in the EF group (asparagine: p < 0.01; taurine: p < 0.01) and tyrosine and phenylalanine levels were higher in the EF group, resulting in a lower Fisher's ratio (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Long-term feeding with EFs can cause deficiencies in essential fatty acids, selenium, and ascorbic acid and also carries a risk of amino acid imbalance in infants and toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takeuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Funayama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nambu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nomura
- Division of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Iwama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Elemental Diet Enriched with Amino Acids Alleviates Mucosal Inflammatory Response and Prevents Colonic Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Mice with DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9430763. [PMID: 32855978 PMCID: PMC7443247 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9430763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical data suggest that enteral nutrition (EN) effectively decreases disease activity and maintains remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the modulatory effects of EN on the intestinal mucosal immune system remain unclear. Aims This study first aimed at comparing the therapeutic effects of three EN formulas on ameliorating dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced chronic colitis; with the most effective formula, we then examined its influence on the mucosal inflammatory response and epithelial barrier function. Methods The effect of EN formulas on colitis in mice was assessed by body weight, disease activity index scores, colon length, and H&E staining for pathological examination. Colonic and circulating cytokine expression levels and the frequencies of immune cells were also analyzed. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by detecting tight junction proteins. Results We found that among the three EN formulas, an elemental diet (ED) containing enriched amino acids restored the colitis-related reduction in body weight better than the other two EN formulas. ED amino acids suppressed the release of colonic proinflammatory mediators and maintained the expression of tight junction proteins in these mice. ED amino acid treatment mitigated the colitis-induced increase in CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and inhibited the predominant Th1/Th17 responses particularly in the colonic mucosal lamina propria of mice with colitis. Conclusions We showed that ED amino acids can be an effective immunomodulatory agent to reduce colitis-related inflammation by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and Th1/Th17 cell responses and by repairing the disrupted epithelial barrier.
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Opening a Window on Attention: Adjuvant Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:7397523. [PMID: 32850517 PMCID: PMC7441453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7397523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), most commonly known as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative disease (UC), is a chronic and relapsing intestinal disease which cannot be cured completely. The prevalence of IBD in Europe and in North America has increased over the past 20 years. As most IBD patients are young at onset, their quality of life (QOL) can be influenced to varying degrees. Thus, current treatment goals are typically focused on preventing complications, including maintaining clinical remission and improving the QOL. Adjuvant therapies have been widely concerned as an effective treatment in alleviating IBD symptoms, including dietary intervention, traditional Chinese medicine, smoking, alcohol, and physical activities. This review focuses on different ancillary therapies for IBD treatments, in particular the mechanism of reducing inflammation based on the actual data from research studies. Moreover, comparing the latest data, this review also presented potential future prospect for adjuvant therapies.
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Mi K, Jiang Y, Chen J, Lv D, Qian Z, Sun H, Shang D. Construction and Analysis of Human Diseases and Metabolites Network. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:398. [PMID: 32426349 PMCID: PMC7203444 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between aberrant metabolism and the initiation and progression of diseases has gained considerable attention in recent years. To gain insights into the global relationship between diseases and metabolites, here we constructed a human diseases-metabolites network (HDMN). Through analyses based on network biology, the metabolites associated with the same disorder tend to participate in the same metabolic pathway or cascade. In addition, the shortest distance between disease-related metabolites was shorter than that of all metabolites in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic network. Both disease and metabolite nodes in the HDMN displayed slight clustering phenomenon, resulting in functional modules. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the degree of metabolites and the proportion of disease-related metabolites in the KEGG metabolic network. We also found that the average degree of disease metabolites is larger than that of all metabolites. Depicting a comprehensive characteristic of HDMN could provide great insights into understanding the global relationship between disease and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- School of Medical Informatics, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongxu Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Qian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Pharmaceutical Experiment Teaching Center, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Basson AR, Gomez-Nguyen A, Menghini P, Buttó LF, Di Martino L, Aladyshkina N, Osme A, LaSalla A, Fischer D, Ezeji JC, Erkkila HL, Brennan CJ, Lam M, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Human Gut Microbiome Transplantation in Ileitis Prone Mice: A Tool for the Functional Characterization of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:347-359. [PMID: 31750921 PMCID: PMC7012301 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong digestive disease characterized by periods of severe inflammation and remission. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a variable effect on ileitis severity from human gut microbiota isolated from IBD donors in remission and that of healthy controls in a mouse model of IBD. METHODS We conducted a series of single-donor intensive and nonintensive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments using feces from IBD patients in remission and healthy non-IBD controls (N = 9 donors) in a mouse model of Crohn's disease (CD)-like ileitis that develops ileitis in germ-free (GF) conditions (SAMP1/YitFC; N = 96 mice). RESULTS Engraftment studies demonstrated that the microbiome of IBD in remission could have variable effects on the ileum of CD-prone mice (pro-inflammatory, nonmodulatory, or anti-inflammatory), depending on the human donor. Fecal microbiota transplantation achieved a 95% ± 0.03 genus-level engraftment of human gut taxa in mice, as confirmed at the operational taxonomic unit level. In most donors, microbiome colonization abundance patterns remained consistent over 60 days. Microbiome-based metabolic predictions of GF mice with Crohn's or ileitic-mouse donor microbiota indicate that chronic amino/fatty acid (valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine; linoleic; P < 1e-15) alterations (and not bacterial virulence markers; P > 0.37) precede severe ileitis in mice, supporting their potential use as predictors/biomarkers in human CD. CONCLUSION The gut microbiome of IBD remission patients is not necessarily innocuous. Characterizing the inflammatory potential of each microbiota in IBD patients using mice may help identify the patients' best anti-inflammatory fecal sample for future use as an anti-inflammatory microbial autograft during disease flare-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adrian Gomez-Nguyen
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paola Menghini
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ludovica F Buttó
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Natalia Aladyshkina
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandria LaSalla
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Derek Fischer
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica C Ezeji
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hailey L Erkkila
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Connery J Brennan
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Minh Lam
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA,Address correspondence to: Fabio Cominelli, Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106-5066, USA.
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Chiba T, Suzuki K, Matsumoto T. Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiles in Crohn's Disease: Relationship With the Crohn Disease Activity Index. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 11:1179552218791173. [PMID: 30083065 PMCID: PMC6066806 DOI: 10.1177/1179552218791173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles and the Crohn's disease (CD) activity index (CDAI) in patients with CD. METHODS We measured fasting PFAA concentrations in 29 patients with CD and their correlation with disease activity. RESULTS In all patients, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and concentrations of valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, total amino acids (TAAs), nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). In patients with the ileo-colonic type of CD, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, glutamine, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. In ileal type, significant correlations were observed between CDAI and threonine, valine, histidine, serine, and glycine. In colonic type, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CD, plasma amino acids appear to be associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine,
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
- Toshimi Chiba, Division of Internal
Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical
University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,
Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
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