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Han YH, Jeong HJ, Lim ST. Serial Migration of Iatrogenic Microembolus on 18 F-FDG PET/CT Images. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:171-172. [PMID: 38109048 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 51-year-old woman who had a history of partial nephrectomy underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT image for a routine health checkup. Focal intense FDG avidity without any anatomical correlation on CT was detected in the lung. On the delayed image after 20 minutes, the focal activity migrated to a more peripheral portion. An iatrogenic microembolus is a rare but crucial false-positive finding that nuclear physicians should be aware of. Our case emphasizes the importance of meticulous FDG injection and cautious interpretation. In addition, delayed PET/CT imaging through wet reading can aid in diagnosing and help prevent unnecessary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Han
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Cyclotron Research Center, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Aggarwal P, Anwariya A, Kavanal AJ, Sood A, Jena SR, Mittal BR. Hot Embolus Artifact Mimicking Disease Progression in Post-therapy 177Lu-DOTATATE Scan: Incremental Value of SPECT/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 57:159-161. [PMID: 37187952 PMCID: PMC10172421 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-023-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has become an established treatment for patients with inoperable and/or metastatic, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with overexpression of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR-2). The post-therapy 177Lu-DOTATATE whole-body scan not only assesses the biodistribution of the lesions seen on pre-therapy 68 Ga-SSTR PET/CT scan but also provides a quick assessment of disease status and dosimetry during treatment. Like any other radionuclide scan, the whole-body 177Lu-DOTATATE scan may also show abnormal radiotracer uptake, which may require further imaging to establish its exact etiology. Though radiotracer emboli mimicking focal pulmonary lesions have been described with 18F-FDG and 68 Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scans, similar artifacts with post-therapy 177Lu-DOTATATE scans have not been described. Herein, we report two cases of hot emboli in the post-therapy 177Lu-DOTATATE scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Aggarwal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Anupriya Anwariya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Anwin Joseph Kavanal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Santosh Ranjan Jena
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Hussain RP, Mahmood T. The hot embolus of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. World J Nucl Med 2021; 19:438-440. [PMID: 33623519 PMCID: PMC7875025 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning oncological patients with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for their disease staging, evaluation of treatment response, and monitoring/management has become a standard of care. The use of the radioactive fluorine in the FDG molecule helps establish cell/tissue lines high on glucose consumption and hence metabolically active. Abnormalities are detected on the scan as areas of increased uptake. However, these areas of increased (hot) uptakes do not necessarily translate into a pathological finding. A comprehensive knowledge of the uptakes of the tracer and the potential "pitfalls" that may be associated with them should be known and kept in mind during scan reading. One such pitfall is the "hot clot" or "pulmonary emboli," and we report two such cases encountered at our setup and discuss their causes and how they should be identified and avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, PET-CT, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan
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Qutbi M. Less frequent cardiac and extracardiac findings during 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography with radiological correlates. Indian J Nucl Med 2020; 35:147-153. [PMID: 32351270 PMCID: PMC7182315 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_205_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a common imaging procedure in nuclear medicine laboratories may encompass findings in the heart or beyond it, in the thorax or abdomen, which may be related or unrelated to the symptoms of the patients. Sometimes, these findings may be discovered incidentally. In the present article, it is aimed to present some less frequent cardiac and extracardiac findings including radiolabeled emboli, transposition of great arteries, breast prosthesis, breast tissue uptake, pericardial effusion, hiatal hernia, hepatocellular carcinoma, ascites, aortic aneurysm, splenomegaly, and polycystic kidney disease during 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile myocardial perfusion SPECT with their radiological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Qutbi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohsen Qutbi, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran 1985711151, Iran. E-mail:
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Molton JS, Thomas BA, Pang Y, Khor LK, Hallinan J, Naftalin CM, Totman JJ, Townsend DW, Lim TK, Chee CBE, Wang YT, Paton NI. Sub-clinical abnormalities detected by PET/MRI in household tuberculosis contacts. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:83. [PMID: 30678651 PMCID: PMC6346497 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The understanding of early events following TB exposure is limited by traditional tests that rely on detection of an immune response to infection, which is delayed, or on imaging tests with low sensitivity for early disease. We investigated for evidence of lung abnormalities in heavily exposed TB contacts using PET/MRI. Methods 30 household contacts of 20 index patients underwent clinical assessment, IGRA testing, chest x-ray and PET/MRI scan using 18-F-FDG. MRI images were examined by a radiology/nuclear medicine dual-qualified physician using a standardised report form, while PET/MRI images were examined independently by another radiology/nuclear medicine dual-qualified physician using a similar form. Standardised uptake value (SUV) was quantified for each abnormal lesion. Results IGRA was positive in 40%. PET/MRI scan was abnormal in 30%, predominantly FDG uptake in hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes and lung apices. We did not identify any relationship between PET/MRI findings and degree of exposure or IGRA status. Conclusion PET-based imaging may provide important insights into the natural history following exposure to TB that may not be available from traditional tests of TB immune response or imaging. The clinical significance of the abnormalities is uncertain and merits further investigation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Molton
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yan Pang
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih Kin Khor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire M Naftalin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John J Totman
- A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David W Townsend
- A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tow Keang Lim
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yee Tang Wang
- Tuberculosis Control Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas I Paton
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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McCabe BE, Veselis CA, Goykhman I, Hochhold J, Eisenberg D, Son H. Beyond Pulmonary Embolism; Nonthrombotic Pulmonary Embolism as Diagnostic Challenges. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2018; 48:387-392. [PMID: 30232041 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism (NTPE) is less well understood and is encountered less frequently than pulmonary embolism from venous thrombosis. NTPE results from embolization of nonthrombotic material to the pulmonary vasculature originating from many different cell types as well as nonbiologic or foreign materials. For many radiologists NTPE is a challenging diagnosis, presenting nonspecific or unusual imaging findings in the setting of few or unusual clinical signs. The aim of this paper is to review the pathophysiology of diverse causes of NTPE, which should aid radiologists to better understand and, more importantly, diagnose these infrequent events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clinton A Veselis
- Temple University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Igor Goykhman
- Einstein Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - John Hochhold
- Einstein Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Einstein Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Hongju Son
- Einstein Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA.
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Bikkina P, Kotha S, Ali Z. Abnormal Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Lung without Structural Abnormality on Computed Tomography. Indian J Nucl Med 2017; 32:359-360. [PMID: 29142360 PMCID: PMC5672764 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_68_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is a useful proven imaging modality in the management of many types of cancers. It is being used at various stages of treatment of cancer. Knowledge regarding the physiological biodistribution and false-positive findings should be kept in mind for correct interpretation. Pulmonary FDG uptake can be due to different causes such as infection, inflammation, and metastases which are invariably associated with structural abnormality on CT. In rare circumstances, there can be a focus of FDG uptake in the lung with no corresponding structural abnormality which might be due to an inflammatory vascular microthrombus or due to iatrogenic microembolism caused during the injection of radiotracer. It is important to be aware of this as it can cause difficulty in interpreting the scan and can lead to false-positive findings. It also highlights the importance of hybrid imaging in the form of PET-CT as there is a definite possibility of misinterpreting this as a site of metastasis in a known carcinoma patient if there was no corresponding CT image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyusha Bikkina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swapna Kotha
- Department of Radiology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Zakir Ali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Shroff GS, Carter BW, Viswanathan C, Benveniste MF, Wu CC, Marom EM, Mawlawi OR, Truong MT. Challenges in Interpretation of Staging PET/CT in Thoracic Malignancies. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2016; 46:330-341. [PMID: 28159371 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxryglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging is routinely performed in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected thoracic malignancy. Indications for its use include staging of malignancy, assessment of response to therapy, evaluation of suspected disease recurrence, and evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule. In this article, we will discuss specific technical artifacts and also review potential pitfalls in the interpretation of PET/CT in thoracic malignancies including normal variations in physiologic uptake of FDG, benign conditions (such as infection, inflammation, posttreatment changes, and iatrogenic factors) that can result in increased FDG uptake, and malignancies that demonstrate scarce to no FDG uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S Shroff
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chitra Viswanathan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marcelo F Benveniste
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carol C Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edith M Marom
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Osama R Mawlawi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mylene T Truong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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18F-FDG PET/CT lung 'focalities' without coregistered CT findings: an interpretative clinical dilemma. Nucl Med Commun 2015; 36:334-9. [PMID: 25658717 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) activity in the lungs using 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) without matching CT findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10,500 consecutive 18F-FDG PET/CT records over 4 years were reviewed for focal incongruence between PET and CT, potentially indicating an artifact 18F-FDG (2.2 MBq/kg) was injected through a butterfly needle, followed by a 10 ml saline flush. Non-contrast-enhanced low-dose CT (140 kV and 40-80 mA) was coregistrated with PET. RESULTS Sixteen patients (12 men and four women; mean age 63 years, range 44-83) had focal pulmonary areas of high 18F-FDG activity [mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) 15.8; range 3.5-81.0], typically peripheral, with a mean maximum diameter of 1.3 cm (range 0.5-2.2 cm) on PET. 18F-FDG focality was singular in 14 patients, whereas two patients had two foci each. None had corresponding CT abnormalities. Identification of these 'focalities' during the acquisition phase led to late respiratory gated thoracic PET acquisitions in eight patients at 2 h with no significant changes in the location or size of the 'focalities'. Five PET/CTs repeated at 48 h did not confirm the 'focalities'. Five had negative follow-up contrast-enhanced CT. 18F-FDG-positive 'focalities' at PET/CT without anatomical correlation findings were considered as 'artefactual accumulation' of the tracer. CONCLUSION In the absence of morphological abnormality, focal pulmonary 18F-FDG activity is very rare (1.5 cases/1000 PET scans) but potentially very 'dangerous'. Artefact identification during acquisition can lead to late respiratory gated images for more confident interpretation, avoiding erroneous reports or further imaging procedures.
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