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Nie L, He J, Wang J, Wang R, Huang L, Jia L, Kim YT, Bhawal UK, Fan X, Zille M, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J. Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5291-5323. [PMID: 38158368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5291-5323, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Nie
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Brain Science Research and Transformation in the Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Shao N, Jiang S, Younger D, Chen T, Brown M, Rao KVR, Skotak M, Gan RZ, Chandra N. Central and peripheral auditory abnormalities in chinchilla animal model of blast-injury. Hear Res 2021; 407:108273. [PMID: 34139381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to blast overpressure or high-intensity sound can cause injuries to the auditory system, which leads to hearing loss or tinnitus. In this study, we examined the involvement of peripheral auditory system (PAS), and central auditory system (CAS) changes after exposure to blast overpressure (15-25 psi) on Day 1 and additionally during 7 days of post blast time period in chinchillas. Auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and cochlear hair cell changes were measured or identified in post-blast period within 7 days to detect injuries in the PAS. In the CAS, changes in NMDAR1 (excitatory receptor) and GABAA (inhibitory receptor) as well as changes in serotonin (5-HT2A) and acetylcholine (AChR) receptors were examined in different brain regions: auditory cortex (AC), geniculate body (GB), inferior colliculus (IC) and amygdala by immunofluorescence staining. We observed the PAS abnormalities of increased ABR threshold and decreased DPOAE response in animals after blast exposure with hearing protection devices (e.g., earplug). Blast exposure also caused a reduction in both NMDAR1 and GABAA receptor levels in acute condition (post-blast or Day 1) in AC and IC, while serotonin and acetylcholine receptor levels displayed a biphasic response at Day 1 and Day 7 post-exposure. Results demonstrate that the earplug can protect the tympanic membrane and middle ear against structural damage, but the hearing level, cochlear outer hair cell, and the central auditory system (levels of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors) were only partially protected at the tested blast overpressure level. The findings in this study indicate that blast exposure can cause both peripheral and central auditory dysfunctions, and the central auditory response is independent of peripheral auditory damage. The CAS dysfunction is likely mediated by direct transmission of shockwaves in all the regions of central nervous system (CNS), including nerves and surrounding tissues along the auditory pathways. Hence, targeting central auditory neurotransmitter abnormalities may have a therapeutic benefit to attenuate blast-induced hearing loss and tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Shao
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Shangyuan Jiang
- School of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
| | - Daniel Younger
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
| | - Marcus Brown
- School of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
| | - Kakulavarapu V Rama Rao
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Maciej Skotak
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Rong Z Gan
- School of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States.
| | - Namas Chandra
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials, and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States; Blast Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States.
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Wang X, Meng Z, Wang J, Zhou H, Wu Y, Wu J. Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6113. [PMID: 30568864 PMCID: PMC6287579 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mouse model with traumatic frontal lobe injury was established, and the mechanism on EE for the mice with TBI was explored. It was found that EE could improve Y-maze performance of mice with TBI, the function of cholinergic system, and the imbalance of acetylation homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. In addition, EE also could increase the level of CREB binding protein and histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter region in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. These indicate that EE has an important effect on the improvement of working memory impairment and the underlying mechanism may involve in histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter regions in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhaoxiang Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jibing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Novel 5-(quinuclidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles to investigate the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype: Synthesis and electrophysiological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:207-228. [PMID: 30342362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are relevant therapeutic targets for a variety of disorders including neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and inflammation. Although traditionally identified as an ionotropic receptor, the α7 subtype showed metabotropic-like functions, mainly linked to the modulation of immune responses. In the present work, we investigated the structure-activity relationships in a set of novel α7 ligands incorporating the 5-(quinuclidin-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold, i.e. derivatives 21a-34a and 21b-34b, aiming to identify the structural requirements able to preferentially trigger one of the two activation modes of this receptor subtype. The new compounds were characterized as partial and silent α7 nAChR agonists in electrophysiological assays, which allowed to assess the contribution of the different groups towards the final pharmacological profile. Overall, modifications of the selected structural backbone mainly afforded partial agonists, among them tertiary bases 27a-33a, whereas additional hydrogen-bond acceptor groups in permanently charged ligands, such as 29b and 31b, favored a silent desensitizing profile at the α7 nAChR.
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Bondi CO, Yelleswarapu NK, Day-Cooney J, Memarzadeh K, Folweiler KA, Bou-Abboud CE, Leary JB, Cheng JP, Tehranian-DePasquale R, Kline AE. Systemic administration of donepezil attenuates the efficacy of environmental enrichment on neurobehavioral outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:45-57. [PMID: 29439368 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) donepezil (DON) is recommended as a potential treatment for cognition after clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) and therefore may be prescribed as an adjunct therapy during rehabilitation. However, a dose-response study evaluating DON after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in rats did not reveal cognitive benefits. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DON on behavioral and histological outcome when combined with environmental enrichment (EE), a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation. It was hypothesized that the combined treatments would produce a synergistic effect yielding improved recovery over neurorehabilitation alone. METHODS Isoflurane-anesthetized adult male rats received a CCI or sham injury and then were randomly assigned to EE or standard (STD) housing plus systemic injections of DON (0.25 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH; 1.0 mL/kg saline) once daily for 19 days beginning 24 hr after injury. Function was assessed by established motor and cognitive tests on post-injury days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Cortical lesion volume was quantified on day 19. RESULTS DON was ineffective when administered alone. In contrast, EE conferred significant motor and cognitive benefits, and reduced cortical lesion volume vs. STD (p < 0.05). Combining the therapies weakened the efficacy of rehabilitation as revealed by diminished motor and cognitive recovery in the TBI+EE+DON group vs. the TBI+EE+VEH group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These data replicate previous findings showing that EE is beneficial and DON is ineffective after CCI and add to the literature a novel and unpredicted finding that supports neither the hypothesis nor the use of DON for TBI. Investigation of other AChEIs after CCI injury is necessary to gain further insight into the value of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Narayana K Yelleswarapu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julian Day-Cooney
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaitlin A Folweiler
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carine E Bou-Abboud
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob B Leary
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roya Tehranian-DePasquale
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaris on transient forebrain ischemia in mice via nicotinic cholinergic receptor. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:428-435. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Quadri M, Matera C, Silnović A, Pismataro MC, Horenstein NA, Stokes C, Papke RL, Dallanoce C. Identification of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Silent Agonists Based on the Spirocyclic Quinuclidine-Δ 2 -Isoxazoline Scaffold: Synthesis and Electrophysiological Evaluation. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1335-1348. [PMID: 28494140 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Compound 11 (3-(benzyloxy)-1'-methyl-1'-azonia-4H-1'-azaspiro[isoxazole-5,3'-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane] iodide) was selected from a previous set of nicotinic ligands as a suitable model compound for the design of new silent agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Silent agonists evoke little or no channel activation but can induce the α7 desensitized Ds state, which is sensitive to a type II positive allosteric modulator, such as PNU-120596. Introduction of meta substituents into the benzyloxy moiety of 11 led to two sets of tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts based on the spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ2 -isoxazoline scaffold. Electrophysiological assays performed on Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human α7 nAChRs highlighted four compounds that are endowed with a significant silent-agonism profile. Structure-activity relationships of this group of analogues provided evidence of the crucial role of the positive charge at the quaternary quinuclidine nitrogen atom. Moreover, the present study indicates that meta substituents, in particular halogens, on the benzyloxy substructure direct specific interactions that stabilize a desensitized conformational state of the receptor and induce silent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Quadri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almin Silnović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pismataro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole A Horenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Yabuki Y, Jing X, Fukunaga K. The T-type calcium channel enhancer SAK3 inhibits neuronal death following transient brain ischemia via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:272-281. [PMID: 28457878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The T-type calcium channel enhancer SAK3 (ethyl 8'-methyl-2',4-dioxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)-2'H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin]-2-ene-3-carboxylate) promotes acetylcholine (ACh) release in mouse hippocampus, enhancing cognitive function. Here, we tested SAK3 neuroprotective activity in the context of transient brain ischemia using a 20-min bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) mouse model. Mice were administered with SAK3 (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) 24 h after BCCAO ischemia. Oral SAK3 (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration significantly blocked loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons and memory deficits seen in BCCAO mice. Treatment with α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR)-selective inhibitor methyllycaconitine (MLA: 6.0 mg/kg/day, i.p.) significantly antagonized both neuroprotection and improvement in memory promoted by SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Acute SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly enhanced protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation levels in CA1 of control and BCCAO mice. Importantly, treatment of control and BCCAO mice with the non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (MEC: 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or the α7-selective nAChR antagonist MLA (6.0 mg/kg, i.p.), but not the M1 muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist pirenzepine (PZ: 10 mg/kg, i.p.), blocked enhanced Akt activity elicited by SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.). We also confirmed that decreased phosphorylated Akt immunoreactivities were rescued by SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) administration in NeuN-positive CA1 neurons of BCCAO mice, an effect blocked by MLA (6.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Finally, we observed α7 nAChR and phosphorylated Akt expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons. We conclude that the T-type calcium channel enhancer SAK3 is neuroprotective in the context of brain ischemia by stimulating nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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de la Tremblaye PB, Bondi CO, Lajud N, Cheng JP, Radabaugh HL, Kline AE. Galantamine and Environmental Enrichment Enhance Cognitive Recovery after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury But Do Not Confer Additional Benefits When Combined. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1610-1622. [PMID: 27806662 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) enhances cognition after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Galantamine (GAL) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that also may promote benefits. Hence, the aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of GAL alone (standard [STD] housing) and in combination with EE in adult male rats after TBI. The hypothesis was that both therapies would confer motor, cognitive, and histological benefits when provided singly, but that their combination would be more efficacious. Anesthetized rats received a controlled cortical impact or sham injury, then were randomly assigned to receive GAL (1, 2, or 3 mg/kg; intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or saline vehicle (VEH; 1 mL/kg; i.p.) beginning 24 h after surgery and once daily for 21 days (experiment 1). Motor (beam-balance/walk) and cognitive (Morris water maze [MWM]) assessments were conducted on post-operative Days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Cortical lesion volumes were quantified on Day 21. Sham controls were better versus all TBI groups. No differences in motor function or lesion volumes were observed among the TBI groups (p > 0.05). In contrast, GAL (2 mg/kg) enhanced MWM performance versus VEH and GAL (1 and 3 mg/kg; p < 0.05). In experiment 2, GAL (2 mg/kg) or VEH was combined with EE and the data were compared with the STD-housed groups from experiment 1. EE alone enhanced motor performance over the VEH-treated and GAL-treated (2 mg/kg) STD-housed groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, both EE groups (VEH or GAL) facilitated spatial learning and reduced lesion size versus STD + VEH controls (p < 0.05). No additional benefits were observed with the combination paradigm, which does not support the hypothesis. Overall, the data demonstrate that EE and once daily GAL (2 mg/kg) promote cognitive recovery after TBI. Importantly, the combined therapies did not negatively affect outcome and thus this therapeutic protocol may have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B de la Tremblaye
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corina O Bondi
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naima Lajud
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,6 Division of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center of Michoacán, Mexican Social Security Institute , Morelia, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah L Radabaugh
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony E Kline
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,7 Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,8 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Tu Y, Miao XM, Yi TL, Chen XY, Sun HT, Cheng SX, Zhang S. Neuroprotective effects of bloodletting at Jing points combined with mild induced hypothermia in acute severe traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:931-6. [PMID: 27482221 PMCID: PMC4962590 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodletting at Jing points has been used to treat coma in traditional Chinese medicine. Mild induced hypothermia has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects. However, the therapeutic effects of bloodletting at Jing points and mild induced hypothermia alone are limited. Therefore, we investigated whether combined treatment might have clinical effectiveness for the treatment of acute severe traumatic brain injury. Using a rat model of traumatic brain injury, combined treatment substantially alleviated cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, neurological function was ameliorated, and cellular necrosis and the inflammatory response were lessened. These findings suggest that the combined effects of bloodletting at Jing points (20 μL, twice a day, for 2 days) and mild induced hypothermia (6 hours) are better than their individual effects alone. Their combined application may have marked neuroprotective effects in the clinical treatment of acute severe traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tai-Long Yi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Xiang Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury & Neuroscience of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Neurosurgery & Neurology Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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