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Kuwar R, Zhang N, McQuiston A, Wen X, Sun D. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from rat fibroblasts and optimization of its differentiation into mature functional neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 406:110114. [PMID: 38522633 PMCID: PMC11060920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived neural stem cells (NSCs) provide a potential for autologous neural transplantation therapy following neurological insults. Thus far, in preclinical studies the donor iPSCs-NSCs are mostly of human or mouse origin with concerns centering around graft rejection when applied to rat brain injury models. For better survival and integration of transplanted cells in the injured brain in rat models, use of rat-iPSC-NSCs and in combination with biomaterials is of advantageous. Herein, we report a detailed method in generating rat iPSCs with improved reprogramming efficiency and differentiation into neurons. NEW METHOD Rat fibroblasts were reprogrammed into iPSCs with polybrene and EF1α-STEMCCA-LoxP lentivirus vector. Pluripotency characterization, differentiation into neuronal linage cells were assessed with RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunostaining and patch-clamp methods. Cells were cultured in a custom-designed integrin array system as well as in a hydrogel-based 3D condition. RESULTS We describe a thorough method for the generation of rat-iPSC-NSCs, and identify integrin αvβ8 as a substrate for the optimal growth of rat-iPSC-NSCs. Furthermore, with hydrogel as the supporting biomaterial in the 3-D culture, when combined with integrin αvβ8 binding peptide, it forms a conducive environment for optimal growth and differentiation of iPSC-NSCs into mature neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Published studies about rat-iPSC-NSCs are rare. This study provides a detailed protocol for the generation of rat iPSC-NSCs and optimal growth conditions for neuronal differentiation. Our method is useable for studies to assess the utility of rat iPSC-NSCs for neural transplantation in rat brain injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kuwar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Adam McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Fan P, Wang Y, Xu M, Han X, Liu Y. The Application of Brain Organoids in Assessing Neural Toxicity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:799397. [PMID: 35221913 PMCID: PMC8864968 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.799397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a complicated and precisely organized organ. Exogenous chemicals, such as pollutants, drugs, and industrial chemicals, may affect the biological processes of the brain or its function and eventually lead to neurological diseases. Animal models may not fully recapitulate the human brain for testing neural toxicity. Brain organoids with self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) structures provide opportunities to generate relevant tests or predictions of human neurotoxicity. In this study, we reviewed recent advances in brain organoid techniques and their application in assessing neural toxicants. We hope this review provides new insights for further progress in brain organoid application in the screening studies of neural toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YuanHao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Han,
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Yan Liu,
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Therapeutic potential of stem cells for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1073-1101. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Shapiro LA. Altered Hippocampal Neurogenesis during the First 7 Days after a Fluid Percussion Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1314-1318. [PMID: 28933222 PMCID: PMC5657729 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717714099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating disorder causing negative outcomes in millions of people each year. Despite the alarming number of brain injuries and the long-term detrimental outcomes that can be associated with TBI, treatment options are lacking. Extensive investigation is underway, in hopes of identifying effective treatment strategies. Among the most state-of-the-art strategies is cell replacement therapy. TBI is a seemingly good candidate for cell replacement studies because there is often loss of neurons. However, translation of this therapy has not yet been successful. It is possible that a better understanding of endogenous neurogenic mechanisms after TBI could lead to more efficacious study designs using exogenous cell replacement strategies. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the number and migration of immature neurons at 1 and 7 d after a fluid percussion TBI. The results show that the number of immature neurons increases from 7 d after a fluid percussion injury (FPI), and there is ectopic migration of doublecortin (DCX+) immature neurons into the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. These results add important data to the current understanding of the endogenous neurogenic niche after TBI. Follow-up studies are needed to better understand the functional significance of elevated neurogenesis and aberrant migration into the hilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Shapiro
- 1 Department of Surgery, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad A, Sahab Negah S, Hosseini Ravandi H, Ghasemi S, Borhani-Haghighi M, Stummer W, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived From Epileptic Human Brain in a Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold Improve Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9122-9138. [PMID: 29651746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the brain functions following a head trauma. Cell therapy may provide a promising treatment for TBI. Among different cell types, human neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide scaffolds have been suggested as a potential novel method for cell replacement treatment after TBI. In the present study, we accessed the effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs) derived from epileptic human brain and human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) seeded in PuraMatrix hydrogel (PM) on brain function after TBI in an animal model of brain injury. hNS/PCs were isolated from patients with medically intractable epilepsy undergone epilepsy surgery. hNS/PCs and hADSCs have the potential for proliferation and differentiation into both neuronal and glial lineages. Assessment of the growth characteristics of hNS/PCs and hADSCs revealed that the hNS/PCs doubling time was significantly longer and the growth rate was lower than hADSCs. Transplantation of hNS/PCs and hADSCs seeded in PM improved functional recovery, decreased lesion volume, inhibited neuroinflammation, and reduced the reactive gliosis at the injury site. The data suggest the transplantation of hNS/PCs or hADSCs cultured in PM as a promising treatment option for cell replacement therapy in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh Ghasemi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 45, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Zeng Y, Han H, Tang B, Chen J, Mao D, Xiong M. Transplantation of Recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)189-Neural Stem Cells Downregulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and Improves Motor Outcome in Spinal Cord Injury. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1089-1096. [PMID: 29466323 PMCID: PMC5829538 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a rapid loss of motor neurons, leading to weakness and paralysis. Transplantation of neural stem cells is known to restore the neuronal activity but is inefficient due to limited regenerative capability and low rate of survival. There has been an emphasis on the use of growth factors along with neural stem cells (NSCs) to enhance the neuronal recovery. Transplantation of recombinant NSCs with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) might promote neuronal repair. This effect might be attributed to the reduced transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression following transplantation. Material/Methods NSCs were cultured from the embryos of Sprague-Dawley rats (E12.5). Four group of rats (n=10, each) were subjected to SCI and allowed to recover for 1 week. Recombinant VEGF-NSCs, normal NSCs and PBS were intrathecally administered to the rats. VEGF and TRPV-1 expression at mRNA and protein level was evaluated. ELISA was performed to determine the release of neurotrophic factors after the transplantation. Motor neurons and axons were counted and the motor behavioral outcome was assessed using the rota-rod test. Results VEGF-NSC transgene transplantation resulted in an enhanced neuronal repair and motor behavioral outcome compared to the normal NSCs transplanted group. VEGF-NSCs increased the release of neurotrophic factors and reduced the expression of TRPV1. Conclusions Recombinant VEGF-NSCs transplantation following SCI is more efficacious compared to normal NSC transplantation. This might also be related to a reduced pain in the process of recovery due to reduced TRPV1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Heng Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongfeng Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Kou Z, Sun D. New era of treatment and evaluation of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:6. [PMID: 26981067 PMCID: PMC4774226 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.169600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Kou
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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