1
|
Parain K, Chesneau A, Locker M, Borday C, Perron M. Regeneration from three cellular sources and ectopic mini-retina formation upon neurotoxic retinal degeneration in Xenopus. Glia 2024; 72:759-776. [PMID: 38225726 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative abilities are not evenly distributed across the animal kingdom. The underlying modalities are also highly variable. Retinal repair can involve the mobilization of different cellular sources, including ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) stem cells, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), or Müller glia. To investigate whether the magnitude of retinal damage influences the regeneration modality of the Xenopus retina, we developed a model based on cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) intraocular injection, allowing for a dose-dependent control of cell death extent. Analyses in Xenopus laevis revealed that limited CoCl2 -mediated neurotoxicity only triggers cone loss and results in a few Müller cells reentering the cell cycle. Severe CoCl2 -induced retinal degeneration not only potentializes Müller cell proliferation but also enhances CMZ activity and unexpectedly triggers RPE reprogramming. Surprisingly, reprogrammed RPE self-organizes into an ectopic mini-retina-like structure laid on top of the original retina. It is thus likely that the injury paradigm determines the awakening of different stem-like cell populations. We further show that these cellular sources exhibit distinct neurogenic capacities without any bias towards lost cells. This is particularly striking for Müller glia, which regenerates several types of neurons, but not cones, the most affected cell type. Finally, we found that X. tropicalis also has the ability to recruit Müller cells and reprogram its RPE following CoCl2 -induced damage, whereas only CMZ involvement was reported in previously examined degenerative models. Altogether, these findings highlight the critical role of the injury paradigm and reveal that three cellular sources can be reactivated in the very same degenerative model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Parain
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Albert Chesneau
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong S, Zhen F, Xu H, Li Q, Wang J. Leukemia inhibitory factor protects photoreceptor cone cells against oxidative damage through activating JAK/STAT3 signaling. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:152. [PMID: 33569454 PMCID: PMC7867898 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) against oxidative damage in photoreceptor cone cells. Methods In vivo, dark-adapted mice were injected with LIF or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intravitreously prior to being exposed to 5,000 lux bright light to determine the protective effect of LIF against light damage in cone cells. Oxidative damage to cone cells was analyzed using electroretinograms, immunostaining, Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In vitro, 661W cells were pretreated with 5 ng/mL of LIF with or without 50 µM of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor S3I201 for 1 h prior to treatment with 1 mM H2O2; cell survival, apoptosis, the oxidative stress index, and the activation of STAT3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and AKT were subsequently determined. Results In vivo, light induction damaged the function and morphology of cone cells, and LIF was observed to protect cone cells from this light damage. Moreover, the activation of the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT3 signaling pathway and the subsequent changes in apoptosis and proliferation-related genes were found to be involved in the protective effect of LIF against light-induced retinal damage. In the H2O2-induced 661W cell model, H2O2 increased cellular apoptosis rates, the expression levels of Bcl-2–associated X-protein (BAX) and cleaved caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and malondialdehyde content, while decreasing the cell viability, and Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. LIF was observed to block these events; however, the administration of the STAT3 inhibitor S3I201 reversed the beneficial effects of LIF on H2O2-triggered apoptosis and ROS production. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study suggested that LIF may relieve oxidative damage in cone cells through suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress by targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhuo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DuVal MG, Allison WT. Photoreceptor Progenitors Depend Upon Coordination of gdf6a, thrβ, and tbx2b to Generate Precise Populations of Cone Photoreceptor Subtypes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:6089-6101. [PMID: 30592497 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Replacing cone photoreceptors, the units of the retina necessary for daytime vision, depends upon the successful production of a full variety of new cones from, for example, stem cells. Using genetic experiments in a model organism with high cone diversity, zebrafish, we map the intersecting effects of cone development factors gdf6a, tbx2b, and thrβ. Methods We investigated these genes of interest by using genetic combinations of mutants, gene knockdown, and dominant negative gene expression, and then quantified cone subtype outcomes (which normally develop in tightly regulated ratios). Results Gdf6a mutants have reduced blue cones and, discovered here, reduced red cones. In combined gdf6a/tbx2b disruption, the loss of gdf6a in heterozygous tbx2b mutants reduced UV cones. Intriguingly, when we disrupted thrβ in gdf6a mutants by using a thrβ morpholino, their combined early disruption revealed a lamination phenotype. Disrupting thrβ activity via expression of a dominant negative thrβ (dnthrβ) at either early or late retinal development had differential outcomes on red cones (reduced abundance), versus UV and blue cones (increased abundance). By using dnthrβ in gdf6a mutants, we revealed that disrupting thrβ activity did not change gdf6a mutant cone phenotypes. Conclusions Gdf6a loss directly affects blue and red cones and indirectly affects UV cones by increasing sensitivity to additional disruption, such as reduced tbx2b, resulting in fewer UV cones. The effects of thrβ change through photoreceptor development, first promoting red cones and restricting UV cones, and later restricting UV and blue cones. The effects of gdf6a on UV, blue, and red cone development overlap with, but likely supersede, those of thrβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun R, Weng H, Men R, Xia X, Chong KC, Wu WKK, Zee BCY, Wang MH. Gene-methylation epistatic analyses via the W-test identifies enriched signals of neuronal genes in patients undergoing lipid-control treatment. BMC Proc 2018; 12:53. [PMID: 30263051 PMCID: PMC6156903 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-018-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies are focused on the epigenetic regulation of DNA to affect gene expression without modifications to the DNA sequence. Methylation plays an important role in shaping disease traits; however, previous studies were mainly experiment, based, resulting in few reports that measured gene-methylation interaction effects via statistical means. In this study, we applied the data set adaptive W-test to measure gene-methylation interactions. Performance was evaluated by the ability to detect a given set of causal markers in the data set obtained from the GAW20. Results from simulation data analyses showed that the W-test was able to detect most markers. The method was also applied to chromosome 11 of the experimental data set and identified clusters of genes with neuronal and retinal functions, including MPPED2I, GUCY2E, NAV2, and ZBTB16. Genes from the TRIM family were also identified; these genes are potentially related to the regulation of triglyceride levels. Our results suggest that the W-test could be an efficient and effective method to detect gene-methylation interactions. Furthermore, the identified genes suggest an interesting relationship between lipid levels and the etiology of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyi Weng
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruoting Men
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ka Chun Chong
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Benny Chung-Ying Zee
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.,2The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DuVal MG, Allison WT. Impacts of the retinal environment and photoreceptor type on functional regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:376-379. [PMID: 28469643 PMCID: PMC5399706 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal regeneration is a promising central nervous system (CNS) target amongst the various stem cell therapy pursuits, due to its accessibility for manipulation and its disposition towards longitudinal monitoring of treatment safety and efficacy. We offer our perspective on current hurdles towards functional regeneration of cone photoreceptors. Cones are key: For patients suffering vision loss, cone photoreceptors are a required cellular component to restoring daytime vision, colour vision, and high acuity vision. The challenges of regenerating cones contrast with logistic challenges of regenerating rod photoreceptors, which underlines the importance of evaluating context in degeneration and regeneration studies. Foundational research is required to delineate the factors required to generate a diversity of cones in the human macula, and to coax both remaining and newly regenerating cones to rewire towards restoring daytime colour vision. A complex interplay between cell-intrinsic factors and the retinal environment determine both the specification of cone fates and the synaptic plasticity enabling their functional integration. Recent revelations that cellular materials are transferred amongst photoreceptor progenitors further emphasize the critical role of neighbouring cells in directing stem cell fates. From our vantage point, translation of stem cell therapies to restore the cone-rich human macula must be borne upon foundational research in cone-rich retinas. Research frameworks centered on patient outcomes should prioritize animal models and functional outputs that enable and report functional restoration of cone-mediated vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|