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Lee TK, Kim D, Sim H, Lee JC, Kim H, Shin M, Cho J, Park J, Lee CH, Won MH, Ahn J. Hyperthermia accelerates neuronal loss differently between the hippocampal CA1 and CA2/3 through different HIF‑1α expression after transient ischemia in gerbils. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:55. [PMID: 35234273 PMCID: PMC8904072 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has a different vulnerability to ischemia according to the subfields CA1 to CA3 (initials of cornu ammonis). It has been reported that body temperature changes during ischemia affect the degree of neuronal death following transient ischemia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays a key role in regulating cellular adaptation to low oxygen conditions. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of neuronal death (loss) in CA1 and CA2/3 following 5 min transient forebrain ischemia (TFI) under hyperthermia (39.5±0.2°C) and the relationship between neuronal death and changes in HIF-1α expression using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in gerbils. Normothermia or hyperthermia was induced for 30 min before and during the TFI, and neuronal death and HIF-1α expression were observed at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h, 1, 2 and 5 days after TFI. Under normothermia, TFI-induced neuronal death of CA1 pyramidal neurons occurred on day 5 after TFI, but CA2/3 pyramidal neurons did not die. In contrast, under hyperthermia, the death of CA1 and CA2/3 pyramidal neurons was observed on day 2 after TFI. Under normothermia, HIF-1α expression was significantly elevated in both CA1 and CA2/3 pyramidal neurons at 12 h and 1 day after TFI, and the increased HIF-1α immunoreactivity in CA1 was dramatically reduced from 2 days after TFI, but not in CA2/3 pyramidal neurons. Under hyperthermia, the basal expression of HIF-1α in the sham group was significantly higher in both CA1 and CA2/3 pyramidal neurons at 0 h after TFI than in the normothermia group. HIF-1 expression was continuously higher, peaked at 12 h after TFI, and then significantly decreased from 1 day after TFI. Overall, the present results indicate that resistance to ischemia in CA2/3 pyramidal neurons is closely associated with the persistence of increased expression of HIF-1α after ischemic insults and that hyperthermia-induced exacerbation of death of pyramidal neurons is closely related to decreased HIF-1α expression after ischemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Lee TK, Lee JC, Kim DW, Kim B, Sim H, Kim JD, Ahn JH, Park JH, Lee CH, Won MH, Choi SY. Ischemia-Reperfusion under Hyperthermia Increases Heme Oxygenase-1 in Pyramidal Neurons and Astrocytes with Accelerating Neuronal Loss in Gerbil Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083963. [PMID: 33921375 PMCID: PMC8068892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been studied that the damage or death of neurons in the hippocampus is different according to hippocampal subregions, cornu ammonis 1–3 (CA1–3), after transient ischemia in the forebrain, showing that pyramidal neurons located in the subfield CA1 (CA1) are most vulnerable to this ischemia. Hyperthermia is a proven risk factor for brain ischemia and can develop more severe and extensive brain damage related with mortality rate. It is well known that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity and expression is increased by various stimuli in the brain, including hyperthermia. HO-1 can be either protective or deleterious in the central nervous system, and its roles depend on the expression levels of enzymes. In this study, we investigated the effects of hyperthermia during ischemia on HO-1 expression and neuronal damage/death in the hippocampus to examine the relationship between HO-1 and neuronal damage/death following 5-min transient ischemia in the forebrain using gerbils. Gerbils were assigned to four groups: (1) sham-operated gerbils with normothermia (Normo + sham group); (2) ischemia-operated gerbils with normothermia (Normo + ischemia group); (3) sham-operated gerbils with hyperthermia (39.5 ± 0.2 °C) during ischemia (Hyper + sham group); and (4) ischemia-operated gerbils with hyperthermia during ischemia (Hyper + ischemia group). HO-1 expression levels in CA1–3 of the Hyper + ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the Normo + ischemia group. HO-1 immunoreactivity in the Hyper + ischemia group was significantly increased in pyramidal neurons and astrocytes with time after ischemia, and the immunoreactivity was significantly higher than that in the Normo + ischemia group. In the Normo + Ischemia group, neuronal death was shown in pyramidal neurons located only in CA1 at 5 days after ischemia. However, in the Hyper + ischemia group, pyramidal neuronal death occurred in CA1–3 at 2 days after ischemia. Taken together, our findings showed that brain ischemic insult during hyperthermic condition brings up earlier and severer neuronal damage/death in the hippocampus, showing that HO-1 expression in neurons and astrocytes is different according to brain subregions and temperature condition. Based on these findings, we suggest that hyperthermia in patients with ischemic stroke must be taken into the consideration in the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan 50510, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Korea;
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (B.K.); (H.S.); (J.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-248-2112 (S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-241-1463 (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (S.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-248-2112 (S.Y.C.); Fax: +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-241-1463 (S.Y.C.)
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Kim B, Ahn JH, Kim DW, Lee TK, Kim YS, Shin MC, Cho JH, Kim YM, Park JH, Kang IJ, Lee JC, Won MH. Transient forebrain ischemia under hyperthermic condition accelerates memory impairment and neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus by increasing NMDAR1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:256. [PMID: 33537826 PMCID: PMC7893780 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression levels of N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a ligand‑gated ion channel, have a harmful effect on cellular survival. Hyperthermia is a proven risk factor of transient forebrain ischemia (tFI) and can cause extensive and severe brain damage associated with mortality. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether hyperthermic preconditioning affected NMDAR1 immunoreactivity associated with deterioration of neuronal function in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region following tFI via histological and western blot analyses. Hyperthermic preconditioning was performed for 1 h before tFI, which was developed by ligating common carotid arteries for 5 min. tFI‑induced cognitive impairment under hyperthermia was worse compared with that under normothermia. Loss (death) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region occurred fast and was more severe under hyperthermia compared with that under normothermia. NMDAR1 immunoreactivity was not observed in the somata of pyramidal neurons of sham gerbils with normothermia. However, its immunoreactivity was strong in the somata and processes at 12 h post‑tFI. Thereafter, NMDAR1 immunoreactivity decreased with time after tFI. On the other hand, NMDAR1 immunoreactivity under hyperthermia was significantly increased in the somata and processes at 6 h post‑tFI. The change pattern of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity under hyperthermia was different from that under normothermia. Overall, accelerated tFI‑induced neuronal death under hyperthermia may be closely associated with altered NMDAR1 expression compared with that under normothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Chen W, Zhang M, Cheng D, Wang X. Comparison of therapeutic effects of melatonin by two different routes in focal cerebral ischemic rats. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of melatonin by two different routes, by caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in adult rats. Methods: 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control (CON), middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), intraperitoneal and caudal vein injection groups. Nissl and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the morphological and quantitative changes of neurons and the expression of cleaved Caspase-3, Fas and FasL proteins in the injured cerebral cortex. Results: More Nissl-stained and NeuN+ cells were observed in both the intraperitoneal and caudal vein injection groups as compared with the MCAO group (P < 0.05), and the number of Nissl-stained and NeuN+ cells in caudal vein injection group was significantly higher than in intraperitoneal injection group at each time point (all P < 0.05). There were fewer cleaved Caspase-3+, Fas+ and FasL+ cells in both intraperitoneal and caudal vein injection groups than that in MCAO group 24 hours and 72 hours after IR (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were significantly fewer cleaved Caspase-3+, Fas+ and FasL+ cells in caudal vein injection group than in intraperitoneal group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin therapy by both intraperitoneal and caudal vein injection could alleviate the expression of cleaved Caspase-3, Fas and FasL proteins in the cerebral cortex in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion and protect the neurons from injury, and had neuroprotective effects, and the therapeutic effect by caudal vein injection was better than by intraperitoneal injection.
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Wang JJ, Zhu JD, Zhang XH, Long TT, Ge G, Yu Y. Neuroprotective effect of Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion 3 hours before model establishment. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:452-461. [PMID: 30539813 PMCID: PMC6334612 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an inhibitor of the Notch signaling pathway, N-[N-(3,5-difluorohenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT) may protect brain tissue from serious ischemic injury. This study aimed to explore neuroprotection by DAPT after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. DAPT was intraperitoneally injected 3 hours before the establishment of a focal cerebral I/R model in the right middle cerebral artery of obstructed mice. Longa scores were used to assess neurological changes of mice. Nissl staining and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining were used to examine neuronal damage and cell apoptosis in the right prefrontal cortex, while immunofluorescence staining was used to detect glial fibrillary acidic protein- and Notch1-positive cells. Protein expression levels of Hes1 and Hes5 were detected by western blot assay in the right prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrated that DAPT significantly improved neurobehavioral scores and relieved neuronal morphological damage. DAPT decreased the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein- and Notch1-positive cells in the right prefrontal cortex, while also reducing the number of apoptotic cells and decreasing interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α contents, and simultaneously downregulating Hes1 and Hes5 protein expression. These findings verify that DAPT alleviates pathological lesions and strengthens the anti-inflammatory response after cerebral I/R injury. Thus, DAPT might be developed as an effective drug for the prevention of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun-De Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xian-Hu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Long
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guo Ge
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou Province, China
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