1
|
Luo F, Luo S, Qian W, Zhang L, Chen C, Xu M, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang W. Developmental deficits and early signs of neurodegeneration revealed by PD patient derived dopamine neurons. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102027. [PMID: 33059129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of elder people due to the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra. The clinical manifestations of PD include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Studying PD is challenging due to two obstacles: 1) disease models such as primary neurons or animal models usually couldn't recapitulate the disease phenotype, and 2) accessibility of human autopsied brain samples is very limited if not impossible. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuronal cells from patients emerge as an ideal in vitro model for disease modeling and drug development. Here we describe a cell density-dependent method for preparing functional hiPSC-derived dopamine neurons (iDAs) with ~90% purity (TH-positive cells). iDAs derived from PD patient exhibit the disease-related phenotypes, for example, slowed morphogenesis, reduced dopamine release, impaired mitochondrial function, and α-synuclein accumulation as early as 35 days after induction. Furthermore, we found that the effects of cell density are different between iDA development stages, whereas high cell density increases stress for early neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but are neural-protective for mature iDAs, high density also favors morphogenesis. Hence, using stage and density-dependent strategies we can obtain high quality iDAs, which are critical for disease modeling, drug development and cell replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjing Qian
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangling Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fouda AY, Xu Z, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Utility of LysM-cre and Cdh5-cre Driver Mice in Retinal and Brain Research: An Imaging Study Using tdTomato Reporter Mouse. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:51. [PMID: 32232350 PMCID: PMC7405957 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lysozyme 2 (Lyz2 or LysM) cre mouse is extensively used to achieve genetic manipulation in myeloid cells and it has been widely employed in retinal research. However, LysM has been recently described to be expressed in brain neurons and there is a debate on whether it is also expressed by resident microglia in addition to infiltrating macrophages. Methods We examined LysM-cre recombination in retinal tissue using a LysM-cre/tdTomato reporter mouse together with immunolabeling for several retinal cell markers. We further compared LysM-cre tdTomato recombination with that of Cdh5-cre driver, which is expressed in both endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Results LysM-cre was strongly expressed in most microglia/resident macrophages in neonatal retinas (P8) and to a lesser extent in microglia of adult retinas. In addition, there was some neuronal recombination (8 %) of LysM-cre specifically in adult retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells. After retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, LysM-cre was strongly expressed in microglia/infiltrating macrophages. Cdh5-cre was expressed in endothelial and myeloid cells of P8 pups retinas. Unexpectedly, Cdh5 showed additional expression in adult mouse retinal ganglion cells and brain neurons. Conclusions LysM-cre is expressed in macrophages and a subset of microglia together with a small but significant recombination of LysM-cre in the retinal neurons of adult mice. Cdh5 also showed some neuronal expression in both retina and brain of adult mice. These findings should be taken into consideration when interpreting results from central nervous system research using LysM-cre and Cdh5-cre mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soto-Avellaneda A, Morrison BE. Central nervous system and peripheral cell labeling by vascular endothelial cadherin-driven lineage tracing in adult mice. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1856-1866. [PMID: 32246634 PMCID: PMC7513977 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of endothelial cells to the progenitor pools of adult tissues has the potential to inform therapies for human disease. To address whether endothelial cells transdifferentiate into non-vascular cell types, we performed cell lineage tracing analysis using transgenic mice engineered to express a fluorescent marker following activation by tamoxifen in vascular endothelial cadherin promoter-expressing cells (VEcad-CreERT2; B6 Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze). Activation of target-cell labeling following 1.5 months of ad libitum feeding with tamoxifen-laden chow in 4–5 month-old mice resulted in the tracing of central nervous system and peripheral cells that include: cerebellar granule neurons, ependymal cells, skeletal myocytes, pancreatic beta cells, pancreatic acinar cells, tubular cells in the renal cortex, duodenal crypt cells, ileal crypt cells, and hair follicle stem cells. As Nestin expression has been reported in a subset of endothelial cells, Nes-CreERT2 mice were also utilized in these conditions. The tracing of cells in adult Nes-CreERT2 mice revealed the labeling of canonical progeny cell types such as hippocampal and olfactory granule neurons as well as ependymal cells. Interestingly, Nestin tracing also labeled skeletal myocytes, ileal crypt cells, and sparsely marked cerebellar granule neurons. Our findings provide support for endothelial cells as active contributors to adult tissue progenitor pools. This information could be of particular significance for the intravenous delivery of therapeutics to downstream endothelial-derived cellular targets. The animal experiments were approved by the Boise State University Institute Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No. 006-AC15-018) on October 31, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad E Morrison
- Biomolecular Ph.D. Program, Boise State University; Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| |
Collapse
|