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Saad H, El Baba B, Tfaily A, Kobeissy F, Gonzalez JG, Refai D, Rodts GR, Mustroph C, Gimbel D, Grossberg J, Barrow DL, Gary MF, Alawieh AM. Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury: from pathology to therapeutic implications. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1324-1335. [PMID: 38845224 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults, and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation, there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this population. Following the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation, a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing research. In this work, we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins, triggers of complement activation, and role of effector functions in the pathology. We study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris, and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular patterns. Several effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury, and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord injury. Following this pathophysiological review, we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human subjects. This review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury, to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins, and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Saad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bachar El Baba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali Tfaily
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Refai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gerald R Rodts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Mustroph
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Gimbel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Grossberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel L Barrow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew F Gary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali M Alawieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Zhang C. Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities for Spinal Cord Injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:716-721. [PMID: 38888648 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition comprising primary and secondary injury and causing severe neurological impairments. The effect of the conventional treatment is limited, including supportive therapy and emergency surgery. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exos) were previously reported to exert its potential therapeutic effects on SCI. Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation for SCI, MSC-Exos showed several superiorities. In the present review, we summarized the revealed data of mechanisms underlying MSC-Exos repairing of SCI and discussed the issues of MSC-Exos use. Thus, in this review we summarized the latest studies on MSCs-Exos in the therapy of SCI and discussed whether MSCs-Exos can be applied to SCI and the prospects of transformation application.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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3
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Li X, Yang W, Shen Y, Liu F, Xiong X, Wu Q, Xiao Z, Yang X, Dang R, Manaenko A, Xie P, Li Q. Analysis of Age-Dependent Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:908683. [PMID: 35677585 PMCID: PMC9169040 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.908683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a well-known risk factor that is independently associated with poor outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the interrelationship between age and poor outcomes after ICH is not well defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate this relationship based on collagenase-induced ICH mice models. After being assessed neurological deficit 24 h after ICH, mice were euthanized and brain perihematomal tissues were used for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). And then the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by RNA-seq were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for validation of candidate DEGs. In the behavioral tests, aged mice presented significantly worse neurological function than young mice and greater weight loss than aged sham controls 24 h after ICH. In DEGs analysis, ICH affected the expression of more genes in young mice (2,337 DEGs) compared with aged mice (2,005 DEGs). We found aged mice exhibited increased brain inflammatory responses compared with young animals and ICH induced significant activation of the interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN signaling pathways exclusively in aged mice. Moreover, further analysis demonstrated that ICH resulted in the activation of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway with the production of downstream molecule type I IFN, and the response to type I IFN was more significant in aged mice than in young mice. In agreement with the results of RNA-seq, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression of candidate genes of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), and IFN-β was significantly altered in aged mice after ICH. Taken together, our study indicated that compared to young animals, aged mice exhibit increased vulnerability to ICH and that the differences in transcriptional response patterns to ICH between young and aged mice. We believe that these findings will facilitate our understanding of ICH pathology and help to translate the results of preclinical studies into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongsong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruozhi Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li,
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Li,
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Wang Z, Hu S, Li X, Liu Z, Han D, Wang Y, Wei L, Zhang G, Wang X. MiR-16-5p suppresses breast cancer proliferation by targeting ANLN. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1188. [PMID: 34743685 PMCID: PMC8574041 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, gene expression-based analysis has been used for disease biomarker discovery, providing ways for better diagnosis, leading to improvement of clinical treatment efficacy. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-16-5p and ANLN in breast cancer (BC). METHODS Cohort datasets of BC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed by bioinformatics tools. qRT-PCR and western blotting were applied to validate ANLN and its protein expression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to prove the regulatory relationship of miR-16-5p and ANLN. Finally, MTT, wound healing, Transwell invasion and flow cytometry analyses of the cell cycle and apoptosis were performed to assess cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS A total of 195 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 50 overlapping microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified. Among these DEGs and miRNAs, ANLN, associated with poor overall survival in BC, overlapped in the GSE29431, GSE42568, TCGA and GEPIA2 databases. Moreover, ANLN was highly expressed, while miR-16-5p was lower in BC cells than in breast epithelial cells. Then, we confirmed that ANLN was directly targeted by miR-16-5p in BC cells. Over-expression of miR-16-5p and knock-down of ANLN remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and migration as well as cell invasion, arrested the cells in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-16-5p restrains proliferation, migration and invasion while affecting cell cycle and promotes apoptosis by regulating ANLN, thereby providing novel candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Zhoukou first people's Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Danyang Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xinshuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Cancer hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, No.24 jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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Ding SQ, Chen YQ, Chen J, Wang SN, Duan FX, Shi YJ, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Serum exosomal microRNA transcriptome profiling in subacute spinal cord injured rats. Genomics 2020; 112:5086-5100. [PMID: 32919018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a series of pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although, locally expressed miRNAs have advantages in studying the pathological mechanism, they cannot be used as biomarkers. The "free circulation" miRNAs can be used as biomarkers, but they have low concentration and poor stability in body fluids. Exosomal miRNAs in body fluids have many advantages comparing with free miRNAs. Therefore, we hypothesized that the specific miRNAs in the central nervous system might be transported to the peripheral circulation and concentrated in exosomes after injury. Using next-generation sequencing, miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of sham and subactue SCI rats were analyzed. The results showed that SCI can lead to changes of serum exosomal miRNAs. These changed miRNAs and their associated signaling pathways may explain the pathological mechanism of suacute SCI. More importantly, we found some valuable serum exosomal miRNAs for diagnosis and prognosis of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China.
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China.
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6
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Zhang YX, Wang SN, Chen J, Hu JG, Lü HZ. A transcriptomic study of probenecid on injured spinal cords in mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8367. [PMID: 31921518 PMCID: PMC6944129 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have found that probenecid has neuroprotective and reparative effects on central nervous system injuries. However, its effect on genome-wide transcription in acute spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown. In the present study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is used to analyze the effect of probenecid on the local expression of gene transcription 8 h after spinal injury. Methods An Infinite Horizon impactor was used to perform contusive SCI in mice. The SCI model was made by using a rod (1.3 mm diameter) with a force of 50 Kdynes. Sham-operated mice only received a laminectomy without contusive injury. The injured mice were randomly assigned into either the control (SCI_C) or probenecid injection (SCI_P) group. In the latter group, the probenecid drug was intraperitoneally injected (0.5 mg/kg) immediately following injury. Eight hours after the injury or laminectomy, the spinal cords were removed from the mice in both groups. The total RNAs were extracted and purified for library preparation and transcriptome sequencing. Differential gene expressions (DEGs) of the three groups-sham, SCI_C and SCI_P-were analyzed using a DESeq software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed using a GOseq R package and KOBAS software. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to validate RNA-Seq results. Results RNA-Seq showed that, compared to the SCI_C group, the number of DEGs was 641 in the SCI_P group (286 upregulated and 355 downregulated). According to GO analysis, DEGs were most enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen trimer, protein bounding and sequence specific DNA binding. KEGG analysis showed that the most enriched pathways included: cell adhesion molecules, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, ECM-receptor interactions, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, hematopoietic cell lineages, focal adhesions, the Rap1 signaling pathway, etc. The sequence data have been deposited into the Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA554464).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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7
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Li JH, Shi ZJ, Li Y, Pan B, Yuan SY, Shi LL, Hao Y, Cao FJ, Feng SQ. Bioinformatic identification of key candidate genes and pathways in axon regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:103-111. [PMID: 31535658 PMCID: PMC6862403 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish and human genomes are highly homologous; however, despite this genomic similarity, adult zebrafish can achieve neuronal proliferation, regeneration and functional restoration within 6–8 weeks after spinal cord injury, whereas humans cannot. To analyze differentially expressed zebrafish genes between axon-regenerated neurons and axon-non-regenerated neurons after spinal cord injury, and to explore the key genes and pathways of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury, microarray GSE56842 was analyzed using the online tool, GEO2R, in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction networks were used to analyze the identified differentially expressed genes. Finally, we screened for genes and pathways that may play a role in spinal cord injury repair in zebrafish and mammals. A total of 636 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 255 up-regulated and 381 down-regulated differentially expressed genes in axon-regenerated neurons. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment results were also obtained. A protein-protein interaction network contained 480 node genes and 1976 node connections. We also obtained the 10 hub genes with the highest correlation and the two modules with the highest score. The results showed that spectrin may promote axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Transforming growth factor beta signaling may inhibit repair after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Focal adhesion or tight junctions may play an important role in the migration and proliferation of some cells, such as Schwann cells or neural progenitor cells, after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Bioinformatic analysis identified key candidate genes and pathways in axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in zebrafish, providing targets for treatment of spinal cord injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-He Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Ju Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Yang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Lin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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8
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Ding SQ, Chen YQ, Chen J, Wang SN, Duan FX, Shi YJ, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Serum exosomal microRNA transcriptome profiling in subacute spinal cord injured rats. Genomics 2019; 112:2092-2105. [PMID: 31830526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a series of pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although, locally expressed miRNAs have advantages in studying the pathological mechanism, they cannot be used as biomarkers. The "free circulation" miRNAs can be used as biomarkers, but they have low concentration and poor stability in body fluids. Exosomal miRNAs in body fluids have many advantages comparing with free miRNAs. Therefore, we hypothesized that the specific miRNAs in the central nervous system might be transported to the peripheral circulation and concentrated in exosomes after injury. Using next-generation sequencing, miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of sham and subactue SCI rats were analyzed. The results showed that SCI can lead to changes of serum exosomal miRNAs. These changed miRNAs and their associated signaling pathways may explain the pathological mechanism of suacute SCI. More importantly, we found some valuable serum exosomal miRNAs for diagnosis and prognosis of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China.
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China.
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Baek A, Shin JC, Lee MY, Kim SH, Kim J, Cho SR. Parasympathetic Effect Induces Cell Cycle Activation in Upper Limbs of Paraplegic Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235982. [PMID: 31783707 PMCID: PMC6929129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate gene expression changes related to cell cycle activation in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to further evaluate the difference between the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients. Fibroblasts were obtained from the upper and lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. To investigate gene expression profiling in the fibroblasts from SCI patients compared to the healthy subjects, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was performed. To validate the parasympathetic effects on cell cycle activation, fibroblasts from upper or lower limbs of SCI patients were treated with the anticholinergic agents tiotropium or acetylcholine, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. The pathway and genes involved in cell cycle were identified by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Expression of cell-cycle-related genes CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, BUB1, and CDC20 were significantly higher in the upper limbs of SCI patients compared with the lower limbs of SCI patients and healthy subjects. When the fibroblasts were treated with tiotropium the upper limbs and acetylcholine in the lower limbs, the expression of cell-cycle-related genes and cell proliferation were significantly modulated. This study provided the insight that cell proliferation and cell cycle activation were observed to be significantly increased in the upper limbs of SCI patients via the parasympathetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Ji Cheol Shin
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Jiyong Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Ilsanpaik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 10380, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.-R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7885 (J.K.); +82-2-2228-3715 (S.-R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7786 (J.K.); +82-2-363-2795 (S.-R.C.)
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (A.B.); (J.C.S.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (S.-R.C.); Tel.: +82-31-910-7885 (J.K.); +82-2-2228-3715 (S.-R.C.); Fax: +82-31-910-7786 (J.K.); +82-2-363-2795 (S.-R.C.)
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10
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Zhao C, Zhou X, Qiu J, Xin D, Li T, Chu X, Yuan H, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang D. Exosomes Derived From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Complement Activation In Rats With Spinal Cord Injury. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3693-3704. [PMID: 31695336 PMCID: PMC6817353 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s209636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relatively common, devastating traumatic condition resulting in permanent disability. In this study, the use of exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exo) as a cell-free therapy for the treatment of SCI in rats was investigated to gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Methods Rats were randomly divided into three groups, Sham (treated with PBS), SCI (SCI injury + PBS) and SCI + Exo (SCI injury + BMSCs-Exo). Changes in the complement system between the three groups were assessed with the use of proteomics. The proteomic data were verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the distributions of BMSCs-Exo in rats with SCI were detected by immunofluorescence. Moreover, SCI-activated NF-κB levels were determined using Western blot. Results SCI insult increased complement levels, including C4, C5, C6, C4 binding protein alpha and complement factor H. In contrast, the SCI + BMSCs-Exo group exhibited attenuated SCI-induced complement levels. Immunofluorescence assay results revealed that BMSCs-Exo mainly accumulated at the spinal cord injury site and were bound to microglia cells. Western blot analysis of tissue lysates showed that BMSCs-Exo treatment also inhibited SCI-activated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Conclusion BMSCs-Exo play a protective role in spinal cord injury by inhibiting complement mRNA synthesis and release and by inhibiting SCI-activated NF-κB by binding to microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic, Feicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Feicheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Chu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachuan Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ding SQ, Chen J, Wang SN, Duan FX, Chen YQ, Shi YJ, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Identification of serum exosomal microRNAs in acute spinal cord injured rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1149-1161. [PMID: 31450959 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219872759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to find specific and easily detectable diagnostic markers in acute stage of spinal cord injury for guiding treatment and estimating prognosis. Although, microRNAs are attractive biomarkers, there is still no uniform standard for clinical evaluation of spinal cord injury based on “free circulation” miRNA spectrum. The reason may be that miRNA analysis from biological fluids is influenced by many pre-analysis variables. Exosome miRNAs are widely distributed in body fluids and have many advantages comparing with free miRNAs. The specific miRNAs in the central nervous system can be transported to the peripheral circulation and concentrated in exosomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that there might be some physiological changes associated with spinal cord injury in serum exosomal miRNAs. Using next-generation sequencing, miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of sham and acute spinal cord injury rats were analyzed, and integrative bioinformatics were used to analyze the function and regulation of putative target genes. The results showed that acute spinal cord injury can lead to changes in miRNA expression in the circulating exosomes. The changed miRNAs and their associated pathways may explain the pathology of acute spinal cord injury. More importantly, we determined serum exosomal miR-125b-5p, miR-152-3p, and miR-130a-3p are specific and easily detectable diagnostic markers in acute spinal cord injury. More interestingly, we also found some valuable known and novel miRNAs. Further bioinformatics analysis and functional research will be of great help to make clear their role in the pathological process of spinal cord injury and judging whether they can be used as diagnostic markers. Impact statement This research hypothesized that there might be some physiological changes associated with SCI in serum exosomal miRNAs. Using next-generation sequencing, miRNA profiles in serum exosomes of sham and acute SCI rats were analyzed, and integrative bioinformatics were used to analyze the function and regulation of putative target genes. The results showed that acute SCI can lead to changes in miRNA expression in the circulating exosomes. The changed miRNAs and their associated pathways may explain the pathology of acute SCI. More importantly, we determined serum exosomal miR-125b-5p, miR-152-3p, and miR-130a-3p are specific and easily detectable diagnostic markers in acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Xiang Duan
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
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