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Wei X, Liu S, Chen K, Wang M, Wang Y, Zou D, Xiao Y. Knockdown of BMP7 induced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination and motor function loss. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 131:103973. [PMID: 39332617 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury (SCI), lead to significant neurological deficits primarily due to the loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs). Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) is expressed abundantly in the central nervous system and previous studies showed its protective effect in reducing OL loss. In this study, we aim to explore BMP7's potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases by investigating its expression and effects on OLs and myelin sheath integrity. METHOD We analyzed multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets for BMP7 expression profiles in demyelinating conditions such as MS and SCI. Experimentally, we employed a BMP7 knockdown model in rat spinal cords using adeno-associated virus8 vectors to specifically reduce BMP7 expression. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Nissl staining were used to assess the effect on OL and other types of cells. The structure of myelin sheath and locomotor function were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and BBB scores, and statistical analysis included ROC curves and ANOVA to evaluate BMP7's diagnostic and therapeutic potential. RESULTS BMP7 expression consistently decreased across various demyelinating models, and BMP7 knockdown led to increased OL apoptosis through the Smad1/5/9 pathway, with no apparent effect on other cell types. This reduction in OLs was associated with myelin degeneration, axonal damage, and impaired motor function. CONCLUSION The study confirms BMP7's significant involvement in the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases and supports its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Future research should focus on therapeutic strategies to enhance BMP7 function and further investigate the mechanisms by which BMP7 supports myelin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Dingquan Zou
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanying Xiao
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhang Q, Dai J, Lin Y, Li M. Isobavachalcone alleviates ischemic stroke by suppressing HDAC1 expression and improving M2 polarization. Brain Res Bull 2024; 211:110944. [PMID: 38604377 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular condition. Isobavachalcone (ISO) has been documented to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect across a variety of diseases; however, its protective impact on ischemic stroke remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ISO in both transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) rat models and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell models. We observed that pretreatment with 50 mg/kg ISO diminished the volume of brain infarction, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neurological deficits in rats. A reduction in Nissl bodies was noted in the tMCAO/R group, which was reversed following treatment with 50 mg/kg ISO. TUNEL/NeuN double staining revealed a decrease in TUNEL-positive cells in tMCAO/R rats treated with ISO. Furthermore, ISO treatment suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX, while elevating the expression of BCL-2 in tMCAO/R rats. The levels of CD86 and iNOS were elevated in tMCAO/R rats; conversely, ISO treatment enhanced the expression of CD206 and Arg-1. Additionally, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β was elevated in tMCAO/R rats, whereas ISO treatment counteracted this effect. ISO treatment also increased the expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in the ischemic penumbra of tMCAO/R rats. It was found that ISO treatment hindered microglial M1 polarization and favored M2 polarization. Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is the downstream target protein of ISO, with ISO treatment resulting in decreased HDAC1 expression in both tMCAO/R rats and OGD/R-induced cells. Overexpression of HDAC1 was shown to promote microglial M1 polarization and inhibit M2 polarization in OGD/R+ISO cells. Overall, ISO treatment mitigated brain damage following ischemic stroke by promoting M2 polarization and attenuated ischemic injury by repressing HDAC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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Chen K, Wei X, Wang R, Yang L, Zou D, Wang Y. BMP7 alleviates trigeminal neuralgia by reducing oligodendrocyte apoptosis and demyelination. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:143. [PMID: 37875834 PMCID: PMC10594892 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMP7 has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and to alleviate demyelination. However, its role in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has not been well investigated. The current study aims to determine whether BMP7 plays a role in demyelination, its effects on pain behaviors and mechanism of action in rats with TN. METHODS We used an infraorbital-nerve chronic-constriction injury (ION-CCI) to establish a rat model of TN. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) were injected into the rats to upregulate or downregulate BMP7. The mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWT) of the injured rats were detected using Von Frey filaments. The changes in expression levels of BMP7 and oligodendrocyte (OL) markers were examined by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The ION-CCI induced mechanical allodynia, demyelination, and loss of OLs with a reduction of BMP7. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-BMP7 that inhibited BMP7 expression also caused mechanical allodynia, demyelination, and loss of OLs, and its mechanism may be OL apoptosis. Overexpressing BMP7 in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis(VC) with AAV-BMP7 relieved all three phenotypes induced by the CCI, and its mechanism may be alleviating OLs apoptosis. Two signal pathways associated with apoptosis, STAT3 and p65, were significantly downregulated in the VC after CCI and rescued by BMP7 overexpression. CONCLUSION BMP7 can alleviate TN by reducing OLs apoptosis and subsequent demyelination. The mechanism behind this protection could be BMP7-mediated activation of the STAT3 and NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway and subsequent decrease in OL apoptosis. Importantly, our study presents clear evidence in support of BMP7 as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingquan Zou
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Wei X, Huang C, Chen K, Liu S, Wang M, Yang L, Wang Y. BMP7 Attenuates Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury by Suppressing the Microglia Activation and Inducing Microglial Polarization Via the STAT3 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03930-y. [PMID: 37071344 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of pro-inflammatory (M1) microglia phenotypes after spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts tissue repair and increases the risk of secondary SCI. We previously reported that adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) promotes functional recovery after SCI by reducing oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination; however, little is known about the early effects of BMP7 in ameliorating neuroinflammation in the acute SCI phase. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment with recombinant human BMP7 (rhBMP7) suppresses the viability of LPS-induced HMC3 microglia cells and increases the proportion with the M2 phenotype. Consistently, in a rat SCI model, rhBMP7 decreases the activation of microglia and promotes M2 polarization. After rhBMP7 administration, the STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in LPS-induced HMC3 cells and microglia in spinal cord lesions. Furthermore, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in cell culture supernatants, lesion sites of injured spinal cords, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation after rhBMP7 administration, thus reducing neuron loss in the injured spinal cord and promoting functional recovery after SCI. These results provide insight into the immediate early mechanisms by which BMP7 may ameliorate the inflammation response to secondary SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaodong Huang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Pain Management and Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Sun X, Li M, Huang S, Zhang H, Li K. Protective effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rat with acute spinal cord injury. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:68. [PMID: 36849554 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The principal aim of present study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in a rat acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model. BMSCs were isolated from rats, and then divided into a control and a BMP-7 induction groups. The proliferation ability of BMSCs and glial cell markers were determined. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham, SCI, BMSC, and BMP7 + BMSC groups (n = 10). Among these rats, the recovery of hind limb motor function, the pathological related markers, and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were identified. BMSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells after the introduction of exogenous BMP-7. Interestingly, the expression levels of MAP-2 and Nestin increased, whereas the expression level of GFAP decreased after the treatment with exogenous BMP-7. Furthermore, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score reached 19.33 ± 0.58 in the BMP-7 + BMSC group at day 42. Nissl bodies in the model group were reduced compared to the sham group. After 42 days, in both the BMSC and BMP-7 + BMSC groups, the number of Nissl bodies increased. This is especially so for the number of Nissl bodies in the BMP-7 + BMSC group, which was more than that in the BMSC group. The expression of Tuj-1 and MBP in BMP-7 + BMSC group increased, whereas the expression of GFAP decreased. Moreover, the MEP waveform decreased significantly after surgery. Furthermore, the waveform was wider and the amplitude was higher in BMP-7 + BMSC group than that in BMSC group. BMP-7 promotes BMSC proliferation, induces the differentiation of BMSCsinto neuron-like cells, and inhibits the formation of glial scar. BMP-7 plays a confident role in the recovery of SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.280, Changhuai Road, Longzihu Distract, Bengbu, 233044, Anhui Province, China
| | - Maoyong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.280, Changhuai Road, Longzihu Distract, Bengbu, 233044, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.280, Changhuai Road, Longzihu Distract, Bengbu, 233044, Anhui Province, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.280, Changhuai Road, Longzihu Distract, Bengbu, 233044, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Kuanxin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, No.280, Changhuai Road, Longzihu Distract, Bengbu, 233044, Anhui Province, China.
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Xu Y, He X, Wang Y, Jian J, Peng X, Zhou L, Kang Y, Wang T. 5-Fluorouracil reduces the fibrotic scar via inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase 9 and stabilizing microtubules after spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2011-2023. [PMID: 35918897 PMCID: PMC9627390 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Fibrotic scars composed of a dense extracellular matrix are the major obstacles for axonal regeneration. Previous studies have reported that antitumor drugs promote neurofunctional recovery. METHODS We investigated the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a classical antitumor drug with a high therapeutic index, on fibrotic scar formation, axonal regeneration, and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). RESULTS 5-FU administration after hemisection SCI improved hind limb sensorimotor function of the ipsilateral hind paws. 5-FU application also significantly reduced the fibrotic scar formation labeled with aggrecan and fibronectin-positive components, Iba1+ /CD11b+ macrophages/microglia, vimentin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)+ pericytes. Moreover, 5-FU treatment promoted stromal cells apoptosis and inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration by abrogating the polarity of these cells and reducing matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and promoted axonal growth of spinal neurons via the neuron-specific protein doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Therefore, 5-FU administration impedes the formation of fibrotic scars and promotes axonal regeneration to further restore sensorimotor function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina
| | - Jiao Jian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xia Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Lie Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research CenterKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yi Kang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina,National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West ChinaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina,National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Kim BY, Choi SH, Kim JY, Ko J, Yook JI, Kim HS, Lee EJ, Kikkawa DO, Yoon JS. Potential Therapeutic Role of Bone Morphogenic Protein 7 (BMP7) in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:7. [PMID: 35671049 PMCID: PMC9187939 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated a role of bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7), a member of the TGF-β superfamily on pathogenic mechanism of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). The therapeutic effects of BMP7 on inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated in cultured Graves' orbital fibroblasts. Methods Expression of BMP7 was compared in cultured orbital tissue explants from GO (n = 12) and normal control (n = 12) subjects using real-time PCR. Orbital fibroblasts were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from GO (n = 3) and normal control patients (n = 3). Cells were pretreated with recombinant human BMP7 (rhBMP7) before stimulation with TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Fibrosis-related proteins and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by Western blotting. The activation of signaling molecules in inflammation and fibrosis was also analyzed. Results The expressions of BMP7 mRNA were lower in GO orbital tissues than control. Fibrosis-related proteins, fibronectin, collagen 1α, and α-SMA induced by TGF-β were suppressed by treating rhBMP7, and rhBMP7 upregulated TGF-β induced SMAD1/5/8 protein expression, whereas downregulated SMAD2/3. Increased pro-inflammatory molecules, IL-6, IL-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by IL-1β or TNF-α were blocked by rhBMP7 treatment, and the expression of phosphorylated NFκB and Akt was suppressed by rhBMP7 treatment. Conclusions BMP7 transcript levels were downregulated in Graves' orbital tissues. Exogenous BMP7 treatment showed inhibitory effects on the production of profibrotic proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in orbital fibroblasts. Our results provide a molecular basis of BMP7 as a new potential therapeutic agent through the opposing mechanism of profibrotic TGF-β/SMAD signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yi Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don O Kikkawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Bai G, Gao L, Li K. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7239783. [PMID: 33575343 PMCID: PMC7857886 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7239783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neuron-like cells in vitro. The rat BMSCs were isolated and identified, which were divided into the control, empty, recombinant rhBMP-7 transfection, and Lv-BMP-7 transfection groups. BMSCs were induced under different conditions. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. ALP was used to detect cell activity. Cellular morphology after induction was observed. Immunofluorescence was conducted to detect the expression and location of nerve cell markers. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The rhBMP-7 and Lv-BMP-7 promoted the proliferation of BMSCs, accompanied with increased ALP activities. Morphological observations revealed that rhBMP-7 and Lv-BMP-7 induced BMSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that the rhBMP-7 and Lv-BMP-7 groups showed positive expression of MAP-2 and Nfh in BMSCs. MAP-2 was mainly distributed in the cell body and cellular protrusion, while Nfh was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and cell protrusion. Positive mRNA and protein expressions of MAP-2 and Nfh were observed in the cells of the rhBMP-7 and Lv-BMP-7 groups, and the expression levels were significantly higher than the control and empty groups. Both exogenous BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) and endogenous BMP-7 (Lv-BMP-7) can induce BMSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells highly expressing the neuronal markers MAP-2 and Nfh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Laboratory of Tissue and Transplant in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangchao Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kuanxin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Laboratory of Tissue and Transplant in Anhui Province, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
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Pelisch N, Rosas Almanza J, Stehlik KE, Aperi BV, Kroner A. CCL3 contributes to secondary damage after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:362. [PMID: 33246483 PMCID: PMC7694914 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a cascade of events including hemorrhage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation which increase the lesion size which can influence the functional impairment. Thus, identifying specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical in minimizing tissue damage and improving neurological outcome. In this work, we are investigating the role of CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α, MIP-1α), a chemokine involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which plays an important role in inflammatory conditions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Methods A mouse model of lower thoracic (T11) spinal cord contusion injury was used. We assessed expression levels of CCL3 and its receptors on the mRNA and protein level and analyzed changes in locomotor recovery and the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord of wild-type and CCL3−/− mice. Results The expression of CCL3 and its receptors was increased after thoracic contusion SCI in mice. We then examined the role of CCL3 after SCI and its direct influence on the inflammatory response, locomotor recovery and lesion size using CCL3−/− mice. CCL3−/− mice showed mild but significant improvement of locomotor recovery, a smaller lesion size and reduced neuronal damage compared to wild-type controls. In addition, neutrophil numbers as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, known to play a deleterious role after SCI, were markedly reduced in the absence of CCL3. Conclusion We have identified CCL3 as a potential target to modulate the inflammatory response and secondary damage after SCI. Collectively, this study shows that CCL3 contributes to progressive tissue damage and functional impairment during secondary injury after SCI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-020-02037-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pelisch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Jose Rosas Almanza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Kyle E Stehlik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Brandy V Aperi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Dong Y, Yang S, Fu B, Liu F, Zhou S, Ding H, Ma W. Mechanism of tauroursodeoxycholic acid-mediated neuronal protection after acute spinal cord injury through AKT signaling pathway in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:2218-2227. [PMID: 33042326 PMCID: PMC7539877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore themechanism of tauroursodeoxycholic acid- (TUDCA) mediated neuronal protection after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in rats. Methods: ASCI rat model was established following modified Allen's weight-drop method and these rats were assigned to sham group (received sham operation), model group (ASCI rats), TUDCA group (ASCI rats received TUDCA treatment), MK2206 group (ASCI rats received AKT inhibitor MK2206 orally) and TUDCA + MK2206 group. Motor function of rats was evaluated using Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) method. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect histopathologic changes in the spinal cord and TUNEL fluorescence staining was used to check apoptosis. Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were employed to detect the production of AKT pathway related factors, apoptosis related factors (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3), autophagy related factor Beclin-1 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related factors (IRE1, Chop, ATF6) in spinal cord of rats. RESULTS Compared to the rats in the sham group, rats in ASCI group had decreased BBB scores (P<0.05), more significant tissue edema, structural cavity and apoptosis. Compared to rats in sham group, AKT pathway was inactivated in ASCI rats and was activated by TUDCA treatment (P<0.05). Compared to sham group, expressions of ER stress-related factors were increased, apoptosis was largely induced in other four groups, and expression of Beclin-1 was increased in the model group (P<0.05). TUDCA increased the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2, and inhibited the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and ER stress-related factors, thus suppressing apoptosis (P<0.05). Treatment by MK2206 had contrary effects and protective effects of TUDCA on ASCI rats could be counteracted by MK2206. CONCLUSION TUDCA can significantly improve the neural damage, enhance neuron autophagy, alleviate ER stress, and inhibit apoptosis in ASCI rats, by activating the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shengsen Yang
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Emergency, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shina Zhou
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huiqiang Ding
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wenxin Ma
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Savchenko E, Teku GN, Boza-Serrano A, Russ K, Berns M, Deierborg T, Lamas NJ, Wichterle H, Rothstein J, Henderson CE, Vihinen M, Roybon L. FGF family members differentially regulate maturation and proliferation of stem cell-derived astrocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9610. [PMID: 31270389 PMCID: PMC6610107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) is upregulated during astrocyte development and maturation in vivo and is vital for astrocyte function. Yet it is expressed at low levels by most cultured astrocytes. We previously showed that maturation of human and mouse stem cell-derived astrocytes – including functional glutamate uptake – could be enhanced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)1 or FGF2. Here, we examined the specificity and mechanism of action of FGF2 and other FGF family members, as well as neurotrophic and differentiation factors, on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes. We found that some FGFs – including FGF2, strongly increased GLT1 expression and enhanced astrocyte proliferation, while others (FGF16 and FGF18) mainly affected maturation. Interestingly, BMP4 increased astrocytic GFAP expression, and BMP4-treated astrocytes failed to promote the survival of motor neurons in vitro. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that FGF2 treatment regulated multiple genes linked to cell division, and that the mRNA encoding GLT1 was one of the most strongly upregulated of all astrocyte canonical markers. Since GLT1 is expressed at reduced levels in many neurodegenerative diseases, activation of this pathway is of potential therapeutic interest. Furthermore, treatment with FGFs provides a robust means for expansion of functionally mature stem cell-derived astrocytes for preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Savchenko
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel N Teku
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B11, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaspar Russ
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manon Berns
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B11, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nuno J Lamas
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, and ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neurology, and Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neurology, and Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Target ALS Foundation, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden. .,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Duraikannu A, Krishnan A, Chandrasekhar A, Zochodne DW. Beyond Trophic Factors: Exploiting the Intrinsic Regenerative Properties of Adult Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:128. [PMID: 31024258 PMCID: PMC6460947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are common but frequently irreversible. It is often but mistakenly assumed that peripheral neuron regeneration is robust without a need to be improved or supported. However, axonal lesions, especially those involving proximal nerves rarely recover fully and injuries generally are complicated by slow and incomplete regeneration. Strategies to enhance the intrinsic growth properties of reluctant adult neurons offer an alternative approach to consider during regeneration. Since axons rarely regrow without an intimately partnered Schwann cell (SC), approaches to enhance SC plasticity carry along benefits to their axon partners. Direct targeting of molecules that inhibit growth cone plasticity can inform important regenerative strategies. A newer approach, a focus of our laboratory, exploits tumor suppressor molecules that normally dampen unconstrained growth. However several are also prominently expressed in stable adult neurons. During regeneration their ongoing expression “brakes” growth, whereas their inhibition and knockdown may enhance regrowth. Examples have included phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor that inhibits PI3K/pAkt signaling, Rb1, the protein involved in retinoblastoma development, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor that inhibits β-Catenin transcriptional signaling and its translocation to the nucleus. The identification of several new targets to manipulate the plasticity of regenerating adult peripheral neurons is exciting. How they fit with canonical regeneration strategies and their feasibility require additional work. Newer forms of nonviral siRNA delivery may be approaches for molecular manipulation to improve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Duraikannu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ambika Chandrasekhar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Lapchak PA, Boitano PD, Bombien R, Chou D, Knight M, Muehle A, Winkel MT, Khoynezhad A. CNB-001 reduces paraplegia in rabbits following spinal cord ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2192-2198. [PMID: 31397359 PMCID: PMC6788235 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia associated with trauma and surgical procedures including thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair results in devastating clinical deficits in patients. Because spinal cord ischemia is inadequately treated, we studied the effects of [4-((1E)-2-(5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyryl-)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazoyl-3-yl) vinyl)-2-methoxy-phenol)] (CNB-001), a novel curcumin-based compound, in a rabbit SCI model. CNB-001 is known to inhibit human 5-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase and reduce the ischemia-induced inflammatory response. Moreover, CNB-001 can reduce the level of oxidative stress markers and potentiate brain-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling. The Tarlov scale and quantal analysis technique results revealed that CNB-001 administered as an intravenous dose (bolus) 30 minutes prior to spinal cord ischemia improved the behaviors of female New Zealand White rabbits. The improvements were similar to those produced by the uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. At 48 hours after aortic occlusion, there was a 42.7% increase (P < 0.05) in tolerated ischemia duration (n = 14) for rabbits treated with CNB-001 (n = 16), and a 72.3% increase for rabbits treated with the positive control memantine (P < 0.05) (n = 23) compared to vehicle-treated ischemic rabbits (n = 22). CNB-001 is a potential important novel treatment for spinal cord ischemia induced by aortic occlusion. All experiments were approved by the CSMC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC #4311) on November 1, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Boitano
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Rene Bombien
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Daisy Chou
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Margot Knight
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Anja Muehle
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Mihaela Te Winkel
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khoynezhad
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Care Health System, Long Beach, CA, USA
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