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Kretzschmar GC, Targa ADS, Soares-Lima SC, dos Santos PI, Rodrigues LS, Macedo DA, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Lima MMS, Boldt ABW. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Prevent Deleterious Effects of Rotenone on Object Novelty Recognition Memory and Kynu Expression in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122397. [PMID: 36553663 PMCID: PMC9778036 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor signs, but cognitive dysfunction is also observed. Supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 is expected to prevent cognitive impairment. To test this in PD, we promoted a lesion within the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats using the neurotoxin rotenone. In the sequence, the animals were supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B12 for 14 consecutive days and subjected to the object recognition test. We observed an impairment in object recognition memory after rotenone administration, which was prevented by supplementation (p < 0.01). Supplementation may adjust gene expression through efficient DNA methylation. To verify this, we measured the expression and methylation of the kynureninase gene (Kynu), whose product metabolizes neurotoxic metabolites often accumulated in PD as kynurenine. Supplementation prevented the decrease in Kynu expression induced by rotenone in the substantia nigra (p < 0.05), corroborating the behavioral data. No differences were observed concerning the methylation analysis of two CpG sites in the Kynu promoter. Instead, we suggest that folic acid and vitamin B12 increased global DNA methylation, reduced the expression of Kynu inhibitors, maintained Kynu-dependent pathway homeostasis, and prevented the memory impairment induced by rotenone. Our study raises the possibility of adjuvant therapy for PD with folic acid and vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriano D. S. Targa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute, Research Coordination, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ianzen dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Lais S. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Macedo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute, Research Coordination, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. S. Lima
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(41)-3361-1553
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Fang TC, Chang MH, Yang CP, Chen YH, Lin CH. The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:779712. [PMID: 34880827 PMCID: PMC8645582 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.779712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD) include the limbic, cognitive, and brainstem phenotype, which may have different pathological pathways with olfaction. In this work, we aim to clarify the association between olfactory dysfunction, depression, cognition, and disease severity in PD. Methods: A total of 105 PD subjects were included and divided into anosmia and non-anosmic groups, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). All patients were evaluated with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), the Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, and the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Results: The BDI-II and UPSIT scores had a trend of reverse correlation without statistical significance (β-coefficient −0.12, p = 0.232). However, the odds ratio (OR) in anosmia was 2.74 (95% CI 1.01–7.46) for depression and 2.58 (95% CI 1.06–6.29) for cognitive impairment. For the MDS-UPDRS total and Part 3 score, the anosmia had a β-coefficient of 12.26 (95% CI 5.69–18.82) and 8.07 (95% CI 3.46–12.67), respectively. Neither depression nor cognitive impairment is associated with motor symptoms. Conclusion: More severe olfactory dysfunction in PD is associated with cognitive impairment and greater disease severity. Depression in PD may involve complex pathways, causing relatively weak association with olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Fang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chang
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huei Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Longitudinal risk factors for developing depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 429:117615. [PMID: 34492572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established importance of identifying depression in Parkinson's disease, our understanding of the factors which place the Parkinson's disease patient at future risk of depression is limited. METHODS Our sample consisted of 874 patients from two longitudinal cohorts, PPMI and PDBP, with median follow-up durations of 7 and 3 years respectively. Risk factors for depressive symptoms at baseline were determined using logistic regression. A Cox regression model was then used to identify baseline factors that predisposed the non-depressed patient to develop depressive symptoms that were sustained for at least one year, while adjusting for antidepressant use and cognitive impairment. Common predictors between the two cohorts were identified with a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We found in our analyses that the majority of baseline non-depressed patients would develop sustained depressive symptoms at least once during the course of the study. Probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), age, duration of diagnosis, impairment in daily activities, mild constipation, and antidepressant use were among the baseline risk factors for depression in either cohort. Our Cox regression model indicated that pRBD, impairment in daily activities, hyposmia, and mild constipation could serve as longitudinal predictors of sustained depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We identified several potential risk factors to aid physicians in the early detection of depression in Parkinson's disease patients. Our findings also underline the importance of adjusting for multiple covariates when analyzing risk factors for depression.
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Cavelli M, Prunell G, Costa G, Velásquez N, Gonzalez J, Castro-Zaballa S, Lima MM, Torterolo P. Electrocortical high frequency activity and respiratory entrainment in 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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