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Wang X, Shen Z, Zhang H, Zhang HJ, Li F, Yu L, Chen H, Zhou K, Xu H, Sheng S. Bexarotene improves motor function after spinal cord injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2733-2742. [PMID: 37449638 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a challenge in orthopedics because it causes irreversible damage to the central nervous system. Therefore, early treatment to prevent lesion expansion is crucial for the management of patients with spinal cord injury. Bexarotene, a type of retinoid, exerts therapeutic effects on patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and Parkinson's disease. Bexarotene has been proven to promote autophagy, but it has not been used in the treatment of spinal cord injury. To investigate the effects of bexarotene on spinal cord injury, we established a mouse model of T11-T12 spinal cord contusion and performed daily intraperitoneal injection of bexarotene for 5 consecutive days. We found that bexarotene effectively reduced the deposition of collagen and the number of pathological neurons in the injured spinal cord, increased the number of synapses of nerve cells, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited pyroptosis, promoted the recovery of motor function, and reduced death. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reversed the effects of bexarotene on spinal cord injury. Bexarotene enhanced the nuclear translocation of transcription factor E3, which further activated AMP-activated protein kinase-S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Intravenous injection of transcription factor E3 shRNA or intraperitoneal injection of compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase blocker, inhibited the effects of bexarotene. These findings suggest that bexarotene regulates nuclear translocation of transcription factor E3 through the AMP-activated protein kinase-S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathways, promotes autophagy, decreases reactive oxygen species level, inhibits pyroptosis, and improves motor function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feida Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Letian Yu
- Renji College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sunren Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics; The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Garcia E, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Silva-Garcia R, Esparza-Salazar F, Arriero-Cabañero A, Escandon A, Doncel-Pérez E, Ibarra A. Use of Cells, Supplements, and Peptides as Therapeutic Strategies for Modulating Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13946. [PMID: 37762251 PMCID: PMC10531377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a traumatic lesion that causes a catastrophic condition in patients, resulting in neuronal deficit and loss of motor and sensory function. That loss is caused by secondary injury events following mechanical damage, which results in cell death. One of the most important events is inflammation, which activates molecules like proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) that provoke a toxic environment, inhibiting axonal growth and exacerbating CNS damage. As there is no effective treatment, one of the developed therapies is neuroprotection of the tissue to preserve healthy tissue. Among the strategies that have been developed are the use of cell therapy, the use of peptides, and molecules or supplements that have been shown to favor an anti-inflammatory environment that helps to preserve tissue and cells at the site of injury, thus favoring axonal growth and improved locomotor function. In this review, we will explain some of these strategies used in different animal models of spinal cord injury, their activity as modulators of the immune system, and the benefits they have shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Raúl Silva-Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-SXXI, IMSS, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Esparza-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Alejandro Arriero-Cabañero
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Adela Escandon
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (V.B.-A.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (E.G.); (F.E.-S.); (A.E.)
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Mohapatra L, Mishra D, Shiomurti Tripathi A, Kumar Parida S. Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110521. [PMID: 37385122 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism to protect itself against illness or to produce antibodies against pathogens. Senescence is a cellular phenomenon that integrates a sustainable growth restriction, other phenotypic abnormalities and including a pro-inflammatory secretome. It is highly involved in regulating developmental stages, tissue homeostasis, and tumor proliferation monitoring. Contemporary experimental reports imply that abolition of senescent cells employing evolved genetic and therapeutic approaches augment the chances of survival and boosts the health span of an individual. Immunosenescence is considered as a process in which dysfunction of the immune system occurs with aging and greatly includes remodeling of lymphoid organs. This in turn causes fluctuations in the immune function of the elderly that has strict relation with the expansion of autoimmune diseases, infections, malignant tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction of the nervous and immune systems during aging is marked by bi-directional influence and mutual correlation of variations. The enhanced systemic inflammatory condition in the elderly, and the neuronal immune cell activity can be modulated by inflamm-aging and peripheral immunosenescence resulting in chronic low-grade inflammatory processes in the central Nervous system known as neuro-inflammaging. For example, glia excitation by cytokines and glia pro-inflammatory productions contribute significantly to memory injury as well as in acute systemic inflammation, which is associated with high levels of Tumor necrosis factor -α and a rise in cognitive decline. In recent years its role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease has caught research interest to a large extent. This article reviews the connection concerning the immune and nervous systems and highlights how immunosenescence and inflamm-aging can affect neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Mohapatra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India.
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
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Chen S, Ye J, Wu G, Shi J, Li X, Chen X, Wu W. Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibition Ameliorates Microglia-Mediated Neuro-Inflammation Via the SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:503-518. [PMID: 37503724 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231183716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of nervous system injury, however, still lacks effective therapeutic agents. Previously, we discovered that the inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exerts anti-inflammatory effects after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), whereas little is known about its underlying mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of HDAC3 on neuroinflammation and microglial function. METHODS Rats were randomized into 4 groups: sham group, SCI group, SCI + vehicle group, and SCI + RGF966 group. To examine the effect of HDAC3 on neurological deficit after SCI, we gathered data using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan locomotion scale, the inclined plane test, the blood-spinal cord barrier, junction protein expression, and Nissl staining. We also evaluated microglial activation and inflammatory factor levels. Immunofluorescence analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the regulation of the Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. RESULTS The results showed that HDAC3 inhibition significantly ameliorated Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) permeability, brain edema, and improved neurological functions and junction protein levels. Additionally, HDAC3 inhibition significantly inhibited microglial activation, thereby reducing the levels of SCI-induced pro-inflammatory factors. Moreover, HDAC3 inhibition dramatically enhanced the expression of SIRT1 and increased both Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity, thereby increasing downstream heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that HDAC3 inhibition protects the spinal cord from injury following SCI by inhibiting SCI-induced microglial activation and the subsequent inflammatory response via SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, highlighting HDAC3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingfang Ye
- Department of Nursing Faculty, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinnan Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Monroy GR, Murguiondo Pérez R, Weintraub Ben Zión E, Vidal Alcántar-Garibay O, Loza-López EC, Tejerina Marion E, Blancarte Hernández E, Navarro-Torres L, Ibarra A. Immunization with Neural-Derived Peptides in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030919. [PMID: 36979898 PMCID: PMC10046177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a major health problem worldwide. Statistics suggest that in America in 2030 there will be more than 12 million people suffering from a neurodegenerative pathology. Furthermore, the increase in life expectancy enhances the importance of finding new and better therapies for these pathologies. NDDs could be classified into chronic or acute, depending on the time required for the development of clinical symptoms and brain degeneration. Nevertheless, both chronic and acute stages share a common immune and inflammatory pathway in their pathophysiology. Immunization with neural-derived peptides (INDP) is a novel therapy that has been studied during the last decade. By inoculating neural-derived peptides obtained from the central nervous system (CNS), this therapy aims to boost protective autoimmunity, an autoreactive response that leads to a protective phenotype that produces a healing environment and neuroregeneration instead of causing damage. INDP has shown promising findings in studies performed either in vitro, in vivo or even in some pre-clinical trials of different NDDs, standing as a potentially beneficial therapy. In this review, we will describe some of the studies in which the effect of INDP strategies have been explored in different (chronic and acute) neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Renata Murguiondo Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Efraín Weintraub Ben Zión
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vidal Alcántar-Garibay
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Ericka Cristina Loza-López
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Emilio Tejerina Marion
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Enrique Blancarte Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Lisset Navarro-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Neuroimmunology Department, Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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6
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Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, Prasse T, Seidlits SK. Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3824. [PMID: 36835233 PMCID: PMC9960771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes loss of sensory and motor function resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life for patients. Currently, no therapies are available that can repair spinal cord tissue. After the primary SCI, an acute inflammatory response induces further tissue damage in a process known as secondary injury. Targeting secondary injury to prevent additional tissue damage during the acute and subacute phases of SCI represents a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics expected to mitigate secondary injury, focusing primarily on those in the last decade. The strategies discussed are broadly categorized as acute-phase procedural/surgical interventions, systemically delivered pharmacological agents, and cell-based therapies. In addition, we summarize the potential for combinatorial therapies and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohib Ezubeik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Duquette
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tobias Prasse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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7
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Yang CH, Quan ZX, Wang GJ, He T, Chen ZY, Li QC, Yang J, Wang Q. Elevated intraspinal pressure in traumatic spinal cord injury is a promising therapeutic target. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1703-1710. [PMID: 35017417 PMCID: PMC8820714 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently recommended management for acute traumatic spinal cord injury aims to reduce the incidence of secondary injury and promote functional recovery. Elevated intraspinal pressure (ISP) likely plays an important role in the processes involved in secondary spinal cord injury, and should not be overlooked. However, the factors and detailed time course contributing to elevated ISP and its impact on pathophysiology after traumatic spinal cord injury have not been reviewed in the literature. Here, we review the etiology and progression of elevated ISP, as well as potential therapeutic measures that target elevated ISP. Elevated ISP is a time-dependent process that is mainly caused by hemorrhage, edema, and blood-spinal cord barrier destruction and peaks at 3 days after traumatic spinal cord injury. Duraplasty and hypertonic saline may be promising treatments for reducing ISP within this time window. Other potential treatments such as decompression, spinal cord incision, hemostasis, and methylprednisolone treatment require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Xue Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao-Ju Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao-Chu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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Palumbo ML, Moroni AD, Quiroga S, Castro MM, Burgueño AL, Genaro AM. Immunomodulation induced by central nervous system-related peptides as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00795. [PMID: 34609083 PMCID: PMC8491457 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons affecting motor, sensory, and/or cognitive functions. The incidence of these diseases is increasing and has a great impact due to their high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies only temporarily improve the patients' quality of life but are insufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. An interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) is widely associated with neuronal damage in NDD. Usually, immune cell infiltration has been identified with inflammation and is considered harmful to the injured CNS. However, the immune system has a crucial role in the protection and regeneration of the injured CNS. Nowadays, there is a consensus that deregulation of immune homeostasis may represent one of the key initial steps in NDD. Dr. Michal Schwartz originally conceived the concept of "protective autoimmunity" (PA) as a well-controlled peripheral inflammatory reaction after injury, essential for neuroprotection and regeneration. Several studies suggested that immunizing with a weaker version of the neural self-antigen would generate PA without degenerative autoimmunity. The development of CNS-related peptides with immunomodulatory neuroprotective effect led to important research to evaluate their use in chronic and acute NDD. In this review, we refer to the role of PA and the potential applications of active immunization as a therapeutic option for NDD treatment. In particular, we focus on the experimental and clinical promissory findings for CNS-related peptides with beneficial immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Palumbo
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Alejandro David Moroni
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Sofía Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María Micaela Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Adriana Laura Burgueño
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana María Genaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
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9
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Galán-Salinas A, Corral-Ruíz G, Pérez-Vega MJ, Fabila-Castillo L, Silva-García R, Marquina-Castillo B, León-Contreras JC, Barrios-Payán J, Francisco-Cruz A, Montecillo-Aguado M, Huerta-Yepez S, Calderón-Amador J, Flores-Romo L, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Torres LE. Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor confers neuroprotection and prevents the development of murine cerebral malaria. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107674. [PMID: 34044183 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological complication derived from the Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. The mechanisms involved in the disease progression are still not fully understood, but both the sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBC) and leukocytes and an exacerbated host inflammatory immune response are significant factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF), an anti-inflammatory peptide, in a well-characterized murine model of CM. Our data showed that the administration of MLIF increased the survival and avoided the neurological signs of CM in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infected C57BL/6 mice. MLIF administration down-regulated systemic inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL2, as well as the in situ expression of TNF-α in the brain. In the same way, MLIF reduced the expression of CD31, CD36, CD54, and CD106 in the cerebral endothelium of infected animals and prevented the sequestration of iRBC and leucocytes in the brain microvasculature. Furthermore, MLIF inhibited the activation of astrocytes and microglia and preserved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the administration of MLIF increased survival and conferred neuroprotection by decreasing neuroinflammation in murine CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galán-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - G Corral-Ruíz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - M J Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - L Fabila-Castillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - R Silva-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, México City, Mexico
| | - B Marquina-Castillo
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - J C León-Contreras
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - J Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - A Francisco-Cruz
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Montecillo-Aguado
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - S Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico
| | - J Calderón-Amador
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - L Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico.
| | - L E Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.
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