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Imam RA, Hassan FE, Ali IH, Alghamdi MA, Aboulhoda BE. Effect of Selenium nanoparticles on Paraquat-induced-neuroinflammation and oligodendocyte modulation: Implication of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102454. [PMID: 38905876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ), is an extensively used herbicide and is a well-established powerful neurotoxin. However, the mechanism underlying its neurotoxicity still needs further investigation. AIM OF WORK The study investigated the pathogenesis of PQ-induced neuroinflammation of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and cerebellum and evaluated the potential effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeN) against such neurotoxicity. METHODS Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into three groups; Control group, PQ group: mice received PQ 10 mg/kg (i.p), and PQ + SeN group; mice received PQ in addition to oral SeN 0.1 mg/kg. All regimens were administered for 14 days. The mice's brains were processed for biochemical, molecular, histological, and immune-histochemical assessment. RESULTS SeN increased the SNPC and cerebellum antioxidants (reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase 1) while decreasing malondialdehyde concentration. Also, SeN increased the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the pro-inflammatory IL-1β and -6 along with improving the angiogenic nitric oxide and reducing caspase-1. Further, western blots of phosphorylated Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) proteins showed a significant decline. Those improving effects of SeN on SNPC, and cerebellum were supported by the significantly preserved dopaminergic and Purkinje neurons, the enhanced myelin fibers on Luxol fast blue staining, and the marked increase in Olig-2, Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION SeN could mitigate PQ-induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Abdelnasser Imam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt; General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. Box 32897, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Bernardino PN, Luo AS, Andrew PM, Unkel CM, Gonzalez MI, Gelli A, Lein PJ. Evidence Implicating Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment in the Pathogenesis of Acquired Epilepsy following Acute Organophosphate Intoxication. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:301-312. [PMID: 37827702 PMCID: PMC10801776 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning can trigger cholinergic crisis, a life-threatening toxidrome that includes seizures and status epilepticus. These acute toxic responses are associated with persistent neuroinflammation and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), also known as acquired epilepsy. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment has recently been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism linking acute OP intoxication to chronic adverse neurologic outcomes. In this review, we briefly describe the cellular and molecular components of the BBB, review evidence of altered BBB integrity following acute OP intoxication, and discuss potential mechanisms by which acute OP intoxication may promote BBB dysfunction. We highlight the complex interplay between neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction that suggests a positive feedforward interaction. Lastly, we examine research from diverse models and disease states that suggest mechanisms by which loss of BBB integrity may contribute to epileptogenic processes. Collectively, the literature identifies BBB impairment as a convergent mechanism of neurologic disease and justifies further mechanistic research into how acute OP intoxication causes BBB impairment and its role in the pathogenesis of SRS and potentially other long-term neurologic sequelae. Such research is critical for evaluating BBB stabilization as a neuroprotective strategy for mitigating OP-induced epilepsy and possibly seizure disorders of other etiologies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Clinical and preclinical studies support a link between blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and epileptogenesis; however, a causal relationship has been difficult to prove. Mechanistic studies to delineate relationships between BBB dysfunction and epilepsy may provide novel insights into BBB stabilization as a neuroprotective strategy for mitigating epilepsy resulting from acute organophosphate (OP) intoxication and non-OP causes and potentially other adverse neurological conditions associated with acute OP intoxication, such as cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Bernardino
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Audrey S Luo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Peter M Andrew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Chelsea M Unkel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Marco I Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California (P.N.B., A.S.L., P.M.A., C.M.U., P.J.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California (M.I.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California (A.G.)
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Ondrejcak T, Hu NW, Islam S, O'Rourke E, Reilly RB, Cunningham C, Rowan MJ, Klyubin I. Gamma-patterned sensory stimulation reverses synaptic plasticity deficits in rat models of early Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3402-3411. [PMID: 37655756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive sensory stimulation in the range of the brain's gamma rhythm (30-100 Hz) is emerging as a new potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effect of repeated combined exposure to 40 Hz synchronized sound and light stimuli on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo in three rat models of early AD. We employed a very complete model of AD amyloidosis, amyloid precursor protein (APP)-overexpressing transgenic McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats at an early pre-plaque stage, systemic treatment of transgenic APP rats with corticosterone modelling certain environmental AD risk factors and, importantly, intracerebral injection of highly disease-relevant AD patient-derived synaptotoxic beta-amyloid and tau in wild-type animals. We found that daily treatment with 40 Hz sensory stimulation for 2 weeks fully abrogated the inhibition of LTP in all three models. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the magnitude of LTP and the level of active caspase-1 in the hippocampus of transgenic APP animals, which suggests that the beneficial effect of 40 Hz stimulation was dependent on modulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms. Our findings support ongoing clinical trials of gamma-patterned sensory stimulation in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sadia Islam
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eugene O'Rourke
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard B Reilly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Colm Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Schnaider Beeri M, Cooper I. How Alpha Linolenic Acid May Sustain Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Boost Brain Resilience against Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235091. [PMID: 36501121 PMCID: PMC9737216 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline, the primary clinical phenotype of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is currently attributed mainly to amyloid and tau protein deposits. However, a growing body of evidence is converging on brain lipids, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, as crucial players involved in AD development. The critical role of lipids metabolism in the brain and its vascular barrier, and its constant modifications particularly throughout AD development, warrants investigation of brain lipid metabolism as a high value therapeutic target. Yet, there is limited knowledge on the biochemical and structural roles of lipids in BBB functionality in AD. Within this framework, we hypothesize that the ApoE4 genotype, strongly linked to AD risk and progression, may be related to altered fatty acids composition in the BBB. Interestingly, alpha linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of the majoritarian brain component docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), emerges as a potential novel brain savior, acting via BBB functional improvements, and this may be primarily relevant to ApoE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- School of Psychology, The Reichman University (IDC), Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5303693
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Alarcan H, Al Ojaimi Y, Lanznaster D, Escoffre JM, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Veyrat-Durebex C, Blasco H. Taking Advantages of Blood–Brain or Spinal Cord Barrier Alterations or Restoring Them to Optimize Therapy in ALS? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071071. [PMID: 35887567 PMCID: PMC9319288 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that still lacks an efficient therapy. The barriers between the central nervous system (CNS) and the blood represent a major limiting factor to the development of drugs for CNS diseases, including ALS. Alterations of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) have been reported in this disease but still require further investigations. Interestingly, these alterations might be involved in the complex etiology and pathogenesis of ALS. Moreover, they can have potential consequences on the diffusion of candidate drugs across the brain. The development of techniques to bypass these barriers is continuously evolving and might open the door for personalized medical approaches. Therefore, identifying robust and non-invasive markers of BBB and BSCB alterations can help distinguish different subgroups of patients, such as those in whom barrier disruption can negatively affect the delivery of drugs to their CNS targets. The restoration of CNS barriers using innovative therapies could consequently present the advantage of both alleviating the disease progression and optimizing the safety and efficiency of ALS-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alarcan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Debora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
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