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Abdelaziz ME, El-Miligy MMM, Fahmy SM, Abu-Serie MM, Hazzaa AA, Mahran MA. Imparting aromaticity to 2-pyridone derivatives by O-alkylation resulted in new competitive and non-competitive PIM-1 kinase inhibitors with caspase-activated apoptosis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2304044. [PMID: 38230430 PMCID: PMC10795791 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2304044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
New aromatic O-alkyl pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesised as Proviral Integration Moloney (PIM)-1 kinase inhibitors. 4c and 4f showed potent in vitro anticancer activity against NFS-60, HepG-2, PC-3, and Caco-2 cell lines and low toxicity against normal human lung fibroblast Wi-38 cell line. Moreover, 4c and 4f induced apoptosis in the four tested cancer cell lines with high percentage. In addition, 4c and 4f significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation in HepG-2 cell line. Furthermore, 4c and 4f showed potent PIM-1 kinase inhibitory activity with IC50 = 0.110, 0.095 µM, respectively. Kinetic studies indicated that 4c and 4f were both competitive and non-competitive inhibitors for PIM-1 kinase enzyme. In addition, in silico prediction of physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, ligand efficiency, ligand lipophilic efficiency, and induced fit docking studies were consistent with the biological and kinetic studies, and predicted that 4c and 4f could act as PIM-1 kinase competitive non-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mimetics with drug like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E. Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. M. El-Miligy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salwa M. Fahmy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Hazzaa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Mahran
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Salamanca-Perdigón K, Hurtado-Rodríguez D, Portilla J, Iriepa I, Rojas H, Becerra D, Castillo JC. Cs 2CO 3-Promoted Alkylation of 3-Cyano-2(1H)-Pyridones: Anticancer Evaluation and Molecular Docking. Chempluschem 2024:e202400172. [PMID: 38840415 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a Cs2CO3-promoted N-alkylation of 3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridones containing alkyl groups with diverse alkyl halides to synthesize N-alkyl-2-pyridones over O-alkylpyridines is reported. The use of alkyl dihalides resulted in complex mixtures of N- and O-alkylated products. The primary factor influencing regioselectivity in these reactions is the electronic effects of substituents on the 2(1H)-pyridone ring, as evidenced by the preferential formation of O-alkylpyridines upon the introduction of aryl groups. Remarkably, we efficiently employed CuAAC and Ti(Oi-Pr)4-catalyzed amidation reactions to functionalize N-alkyl-2-pyridones containing propargyl and ester groups, leading to the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles and amides, respectively. Moreover, O-alkylpyridines 10 b and 10 d displayed remarkable selectivity toward the A-498 renal cancer cell line with growth inhibition percentages (%GI) of 54.75 and 67.64, respectively. The binding modes of compounds 10 b and 10 d to the PIM-1 kinase enzyme were determined through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Salamanca-Perdigón
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Diana Hurtado-Rodríguez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A-10, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Universidad de Alcalá, Km. 33, 6, 28871, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Chemical Research Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Rojas
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Diana Becerra
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, 150003, Colombia
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3
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El-Miligy MMM, Abdelaziz ME, Fahmy SM, Ibrahim TM, Abu-Serie MM, Mahran MA, Hazzaa AA. Discovery of new pyridine-quinoline hybrids as competitive and non-competitive PIM-1 kinase inhibitors with apoptosis induction and caspase 3/7 activation capabilities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2152810. [PMID: 36629075 PMCID: PMC9848351 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2152810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New quinoline-pyridine hybrids were designed and synthesised as PIM-1/2 kinase inhibitors. Compounds 5b, 5c, 6e, 13a, 13c, and 14a showed in-vitro low cytotoxicity against normal human lung fibroblast Wi-38 cell line and potent in-vitro anticancer activity against myeloid leukaemia (NFS-60), liver (HepG-2), prostate (PC-3), and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines. In addition, 6e, 13a, and 13c significantly induced apoptosis with percentage more than 66%. Moreover, 6e, 13a, and 13c significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation in HepG-2 cell line. Furthermore, 5c, 6e, and 14a showed potent in-vitro PIM-1 kinase inhibitory activity. While, 5b showed potent in-vitro PIM-2 kinase inhibitory activity. Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plot indicated that 5b, 5c, 6e, and 14a behaved as competitive inhibitors while 13a behaved as both competitive and non-competitive inhibitor of PIM-1 kinase enzyme. Molecular docking studies indicated that, in-silico affinity came in coherence with the observed in-vitro inhibitory activities against PIM-1/2 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. M. El-Miligy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,CONTACT Mostafa M. M. El-Miligy
| | - Marwa E. Abdelaziz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,Marwa E. Abdelaziz Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1st El-khartoum Square, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Salwa M. Fahmy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt)
| | - Mona A. Mahran
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Hazzaa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Tavakoli E, Sepehrmansourie H, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA, Khazaei A, As'Habi MA. Application of Zr-MOFs based copper complex in synthesis of pyrazolo[3, 4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles via anomeric-based oxidation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9388. [PMID: 37296128 PMCID: PMC10256735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research article, Zr-MOFs based copper complex as a novel heterogeneous and porous catalyst was designed and prepared. The structure of catalyst has verified by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), EDS, SEM-elemental mapping, TG and DTG analysis. UiO-66-NH2/TCT/2-amino-Py@Cu(OAc)2 was used as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The aromatization of titled molecules is performed via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation both under air and inert atmospheres. The unique properties of the presented method are short reaction time, high yield, reusability of catalyst, synthesis of desired product under mild and green condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tavakoli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838965, Iran
| | - Hassan Sepehrmansourie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838965, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, 37185-359, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838965, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Khazaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838965, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali As'Habi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plant and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
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5
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Development of novel cyanopyridines as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors with potent anti-prostate cancer activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation, nanoparticles formulation and molecular dynamics simulation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106122. [PMID: 36084418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inhibition of PIM-1 enzyme is found as an effective route in the fight against proliferation of cancer. Herein, new cyano pyridines that target PIM-1 kinase were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Two prostate cell lines were used to examine each of the new compounds in vitro for anticancer activity, namely, PC-3 and DU-145. The cyanopyridine derivatives 2b, 3b, 4b, and 5b with an N,N-dimethyl phenyl group at the pyridine ring's 4-position showed considerable antitumor effect on the tested cell lines. Additionally, the high selectivity index revealed that these compounds were less cytotoxic to normal WI-38 cells. Furthermore, they exhibited strong inhibitory effect on PIM-1 having IC50 = 0.248, 0.13, 0.326 and 0.245 μM, respectively. The most powerful derivatives2b, 3b, 4b, and 5b, were chosen for further examination of their inhibitory potential on both kinases (PIM-2 and PIM-3). Interestingly, upon loading compound 3b in a cubosomes formulation with nanometric size, improvements in cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect on PIM-1 kinase were observed. In silico ADME parameters study revealed that compound 3b is orally bioavailable without penetration to the blood-brain barrier. Further, the docking simulations revealed the ability of our potent compounds to well accommodate the PIM-1 kinase active site forming stable complexes. In a 150 ns MD simulation, the most powerful PIM-1 inhibitor 3b produced stable complex with the PIM-1 enzyme (RMSD = 1.76). Furthermore, the 3b-PIM-1 complex has the low binding free energy (-242.2 kJ/mol) according to the MM-PBSA calculations.
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6
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Walhekar V, Bagul C, Kumar D, Muthal A, Achaiah G, Kulkarni R. Topical advances in PIM kinases and their inhibitors: Medicinal chemistry perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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SreedharanNair S, Unni KK, Sasidharanpillai S, Kumar S, Aravindakumar CT, Aravind UK. Bio-physical and Computational Studies on Serum Albumin / Target Protein Binding of a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 172:106141. [PMID: 35143979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The successful evolution of an effective drug depends on its pharmacokinetics, efficiency and safety and these in turn depend on the drug-target/drug-carrier protein binding. This work, deals with the interaction of a pyridine derivative, 2-hydroxy-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyridine 3-carbonitrile (HDN) with serum albumins at physiological conditions utilizing the steady state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques by probing the emission behavior of Trp in BSA and HSA. In-silico studies revealed a combined static and dynamic quenching mechanism for the interactions. The binding studies suggests a spontaneous binding between HDN and the albumins with a moderate binding affinity (Kb ∼ 10-5 M-1) with a single class of binding site. The FRET mediated emission from HDN indicates preferential binding of HDN in subdomain IIA of the albumins with Trp residue in close proximity. Circular dichroism results indicate HDN induced conformational changes for BSA and HSA, but the α-helical secondary structure was well preserved even up to a concentration of 10 µM HDN. Moderate binding affinity of HDN with BSA and HSA and the unaltered secondary structure of proteins on binding propose the potential application of HDN as an efficient drug. The application of docking method on the affinity of HDN towards the proposed target/receptor is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedhanya SreedharanNair
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India; N. S. S. College, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta, 689501, India
| | | | | | - Satheesh Kumar
- Government Medical College Kottayam, Arpookara, Kottayam, 686008, Kerala, India
| | | | - Usha K Aravind
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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8
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Bass AKA, Nageeb ESM, El-Zoghbi MS, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Utilization of cyanopyridine in design and synthesis of first-in-class anticancer dual acting PIM-1 kinase/HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105564. [PMID: 34959179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report design and synthesis of twenty-one dual PIM-1/HDAC inhibitors utilizing 3-cyanopyridines as a novel cap moiety linked with aliphatic /aromatic linker bearing carboxylic acid 3a-g, hydroxamic acid 4a-g or 2-aminoanilide moieties 5a-g as zinc-binding group. Most of the target hybrids revealed promising growth inhibition according to one dose NCI protocol against 60 cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, hydroxamic acids 4b, 4d and 4e displayed strong and broad-spectrum activity against nine tumor subpanels tested (GI50 0.176-8.87 μM); 4d displayed strong antiproliferative activity with GI50 ≤ 3 μM against different cancer cell lines (GI50 range from 0.325 to 2.9 μM). Furthermore, 4a, 4d-4g and 5f manifested a high inhibitory activity against HDACs 1 and 6 isozymes; 4g, displayed potent HDAC 1 and 6 inhibitory activity (45.01 ± 2.1 and 19.78 ± 1.1 nM) more than the reference SAHA (51.54 ± 2.4 and 21.38 ± 1.2 nM, respectively), while 4f was more potent (30.09 ± 1.4 nM) than SAHA against HDAC 1 and less potent (30.29 ± 1.7 nM) than SAHA against HDAC 6. Hybrids 4b, 4d, 4e and 4f exhibited potent PIM-1 inhibitory activity; 4d showed comparable activity to quercetin (IC50 of 343.87 ± 16.6 and 353.76 ± 17.1 nM, respectively); it exhibited pre G1 apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, it revealed good binding into pocket of HDACs 1,6 and PIM-1 kinase enzymes with good correlation with biological results. Moreover, 4b, 4d and 4e had reasonable drug-likeness properties according to Lipinski's rule. However, multitarget inhibitor of PIM-1/HDAC is a promising strategy in anticancer drug discovery; the most potent hybrids require further in vivo and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - El-Shimaa M Nageeb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mona S El-Zoghbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
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9
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Hamza EK, Hamdy NA, Zarie ES, Fakhr IM, Elwahy AH, Awad HM. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel tetralin‐pyrazolo[3,4‐
b
]pyridine hybrids as potential anticancer agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Kh. Hamza
- Applied Organic Chemistry DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Hamdy
- Applied Organic Chemistry DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Eman S. Zarie
- Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Therapeutic Chemistry DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Issa M.I. Fakhr
- Applied Organic Chemistry DepartmentNational Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed H.M. Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather TechnologyNational Research Centre Cairo Egypt
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10
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PIM kinase inhibitors: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:95-108. [PMID: 30954777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The PIM kinase, also known as serine/threonine kinase plays an important role in cancer biology and is found in three different isoforms namely PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3. They are extensively distributed and are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. They act as weak oncogene and whenever expressed in exacerbating forms are responsible for different types of human cancer. Recently, different isoforms of PIM kinase have been identified as a clinical biomarker and potential therapeutic target for personalized treatment of advanced cancer. The inhibition of PIM kinase has become a scientific interest and some inhibitors have been developed and/or are under different phases of clinical trials. Several medicinally privileged heterocyclic ring scaffolds such as pyrrole, pyrimidine, thiazolidine, benzofuran, indole, triazole, oxadiazole, and quinoline derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their PIM inhibitory activity. This review comprehensively focuses on pharmacological implications of PIM kinases in oncogenesis, structural insights of PIM inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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11
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Design, synthesis and docking study of pyridine and thieno[2,3-b] pyridine derivatives as anticancer PIM-1 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:674-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Ranjbar S, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Foroumadi A, Miri R, Khoshneviszadeh M. Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and docking studies of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives bearing different arylidene-hydrazinyl moieties as potential mTOR inhibitors. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:1-11. [PMID: 29387106 PMCID: PMC5772076 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase which controls cell growth and is frequently deregulated in many cancers. Therefore, mTOR inhibitors are used as antineoplastic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, 1,2,4-triazine derivatives containing different arylidene-hydrazinyl moieties were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. S1, S2 and S3 exhibited good cytotoxic activity on both cell lines with an IC50 range of 6.42 - 20.20 μM. In general, substitution of a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing NO2, such as 5-nitrofuran-2-yl, resulted in the best potency. Molecular docking analysis was performed to study the possible interactions and binding modes of all the triazine derivatives with mTOR receptor. The most promising compound, S1, was well accommodated within the active site and had the least estimated free energy of binding (even less than the inherent ligand of the protein, PDB ID: 4JT6). It is concluded from both MTT assay and docking studies that the arylidene moiety linked to the hydrazinyl part of the structure had a prominent role in cytotoxicity and mTOR inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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