Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of some derivatives of triazole-quinazolinone hybrids

Design, Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Pendent Quinazolinones and Their Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 Cell Line

A library of 6-(((1-(substitutedphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl) amino)-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one analogues synthesized from Isatin precursor through a series of nitration, reduction, hydrolysis, cyclization and click reaction. The structures of compounds were characterized by spectral data including IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass. The novel quinazolinone - 1,2,3-triazoles were screened for their cytotoxicity against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 by MTT assay. 4-Isopropyl and 2-bromo substituted analogues executed high activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 10.16±0.07 μM and 11.23±0.20 μM compared to the Doxorubicin whose IC50 value is 10.81±0.03 μM. The activity of remaining compounds is good to moderate. Further, the molecular docking studies against the crystal structure of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor delivered the best binding energies and the interactions such as H-bond and hydrophobic are inevitable. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties results showed that these compounds have more drug likeness properties.

A novel powerful Choline Chloride – Thiourea /Sulfuric Acid, efficient and recyclable catalyst via microwave‐assisted for the synthesis of Quinazolin- 4(3H)–one derivatives as Antibacterial Agents in green media

Background:

Choline Chloride - Thiourea / Sulfuric Acid is a powerful and efficient green catalyst used for one-pot synthesis of quinazoline-4 (3H) -one derivatives via a reaction between various amines, acetic anhydride, and anthranilic acid under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions (4a-q). Microwave irradiation, which is a faster, more cost-effective, less energy-intensive, and more efficient method than conventional heating, has been used to synthesize some quinazolinone derivatives.

Introduction:

For the past ten years, one of the major subjects in synthetic organic chemistry has been green synthesis, which has used efficient and environmentally friendly methods to synthesize biological compounds. The use of catalysts has significant advantages, including ease of preparation and separation, chemical and thermal stability, and environmental friendliness due to features such as reusability, low cost, and efficient, easy workup techniques. Therefore, the mechanism is performed by a non-toxic organic catalyst that uses the least energy and chemical reactants in accordance with the principles of green chemistry and least waste.

Methods:

One-pot and sequential addition methods have been used to synthesize quinazolinone derivatives. In the sequential addition method, the reaction was started by adding acetic anhydride and anthranilic acid to the reaction vessel under microwave irradiation and continued by adding choline chloride thiourea / sulfuric acid as efficient recyclable green catalysts and the desired amine. In vitro, the well diffusion method against different pathogenic strains was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of quinazoline-4 (3H) -one derivatives. Pathogenic strains used were Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (yeast), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (fungus), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (bacteria) and ATCC 6538, and Staphylococcus aureus S. epidermidis ATCC 12228. Pyrimidine-containing compounds in which the 3-hydroxyl, 2,5-Dimethoxy, 4-bromo, 4 ‐ Methoxy, and 4 ‐ chloro groups are attached to the phenyl ring of pyrimidine exhibit antimicrobial properties.

Results:

In a short reaction time, a variety of biologically active quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized with a high efficiency. According to the results, it was found that with aliphatic amines, the reaction time was shorter and the reaction efficiency was higher. Products synthesized from aromatic amines had more antibacterial properties.

Conclusion:

In this work, a variety of 2-methyl-quinazoline-4 (3H) -one derivatives (4a–q) were synthesized as potent antibacterial agents under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions in the presence of ChCl-thiourea / H2SO4 as an efficient, eco-friendly, and recyclable catalyst.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of some new 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole, 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4- triazole derivatives attached to phthalimide

Background and purpose

In the last few decades, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds such as 1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles, 1, 2, 4-triazoles and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles have received considerable attention because of their notable biological properties, especially cytotoxic effects. The small molecules of mentioned azole derivatives revealed very intensive antitumor activity. In addition, phthalimide-thiadiazole and naphthalimide-triazole hybrid derivatives have shown remarkable cytotoxic effects. According to these observations, some of the hybrid derivatives containing the phthalimide-five-membered azoles were prepared in three steps in this research.

Experimental approach

The thiol group of azoles was treated with ethyl chloroacetate which was followed by a reaction with hydrazine hydrate to provide acid hydrazide derivatives. Subsequently, the corresponding acid hydrazides were utilized to prepare the final derivatives through the reaction with phthalic anhydride. Cytotoxic activity of final compounds was evaluated against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines using MTT assay.

Findings/Results

Compound 3d containing two phthalimide moieties in its structure showed a significant improvement in cytotoxic activity with an IC₅₀ value of 29 μM against HeLa cell line. Compounds 3a-3c showed less cytotoxic effects against both cell lines.

Conclusion and implications

The combination of the thiadiazole nucleus with two phthalimide structures increased the cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line. This increase in cytotoxic activity is probably due to its being more lipophilic characteristic and interaction of this derivative with the biological targets of two directions.

Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, and molecular docking studies of some new 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-based compounds

Background and purpose

Oxadiazole-derived compounds have been shown to have a wide range of pharmacological activities. 2, 5-Disubstituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives have occupied a specific place in the design of anti-proliferative agents. In the present work a series of 2, 5-disubstituted 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles derivatives containing amide group has been synthesized via a two-step reaction.

Experimental approach

A mixture of substituted carboxylic acid derivatives, semicarbazide, and phosphorus oxychloride in reflux condition yielded 2-amino-5-aryl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives. Acylation of the amino group of the resultant oxadiazole with 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride in dry tetrahydrofuran/pyridine afforded the final products. The synthesized molecules were docked in the active sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain (PDB: 1M17) crystal structure to study the possible interactions with the active site. Cytotoxic activities of final products against HeLa and MCF-7 cells were also assessed by MTT assay.

Findings/Results

Compounds IIb, IIc, and IIe had a considerable cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 19.9, 35, and 25.1 μM, respectively against HeLa cells. The highest docking score was -7.89 kcal/mol for compound IIe.

Conclusion and implications

Compound IIe exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against the two tested cell lines particularly HeLa cells which was in accordance with the in silico ΔG _bind result but further evaluations are necessary to prove these findings.

Novel quinazolin-sulfonamid derivatives: synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies

In the design of novel drugs, the formation of hybrid molecules via the combination of several pharmacophores can give rise to compounds with interesting biochemical profiles. A series of novel quinazolin-sulfonamid derivatives (9a-m) were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic, anticholinergics, and antiepileptic activity. These synthesized novel quinazolin-sulfonamid derivatives (9a-m) were found to be effective inhibitor molecules for the α-glycosidase, human carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, with Ki values in the range of 100.62 ± 13.68-327.94 ± 58.21 nM for α-glycosidase, 1.03 ± 0.11-14.87 ± 2.63 nM for hCA I, 1.83 ± 0.24-15.86 ± 2.57 nM for hCA II, 30.12 ± 3.81-102.16 ± 13.87 nM for BChE, and 26.16 ± 3.63-88.52 ± 20.11 nM for AChE, respectively. In the last step, molecular docking calculations were made to compare biological activities of molecules against enzymes which are achethylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and α-glycosidase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Recent advances in the pharmacological diversification of quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrids

Due to the pharmacological activities of quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds, it has aroused great interest in medicinal chemists for the development of new drugs or drug candidates. The pharmacological activities of quinazoline and its related scaffolds include anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, and antihyperlipidaemia. Recently, molecular hybridization technology is used for the development of hybrid analogues with improved potency by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. The molecular hybridization of various biologically active pharmacophores with quinazoline derivatives resulted in lead compounds with multi-faceted biological activity wherein specific as well as multiple targets were involved. The present review summarizes the advances in lead compounds of quinazoline hybrids and their related heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, the review also helps to intensify the drug development process by providing an understanding of the potential role of these hybridized pharmacophoric features in exhibiting various pharmacological activities.

Recent advances in quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrid heterocycles in medicinal chemistry and their pharmacological diversification.

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of some quinazolinone- 5-(4-chlorophenyl) 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole conjugates

1, 3, 4- Oxadiazoles and quinazolinones are privileged structures with extensive biological activities. On account of reported anticancer activity of them, in this study, a multi-step reaction procedure has been developed for the synthesis of some quinazolinone-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives. Reaction of the synthesized 3-amino-4(3H) quinazolinone derivatives with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of dichloromethane/triethylamine yielded 2-chloro -N-(4-oxo-2-quinazolin3 (3H)-yl) acetamide derivatives as intermediate. Treatment of the resultants with 5- (4-chlorophenyl) 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-thiol in dry acetone and potassium carbonate gave coupled derivatives of quinazolinone-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole. The cytotoxic effect of final compounds was tested against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio) N-(4-oxo-2-propylquinazolin)3(4H)acatamide 6a exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity at 10 and 100 μM against HeLa cell line. The alteration of substituents on C2 of quinazolinone ring revealed that the introduction of propyl moeity improved cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell line.